Cardiac System ch. 21, 22, 24, 26 davis book and ATI med surg book

A 160-pound patient is to receive cyclosporine (Neoral) 12.5 mg/kg daily in two divided doses. How many milligrams will the patient receive with each dose? Fill in the blank. Answer: ______________ mg

160/2.2=72.72*12.5=909/2= 454.5mg

Which of the following are modifiable cardiovascular risk factors? 1) 56 years old 2) Male 3) Asian 4) Tobacco use 5)Obesity 6)sedentary lifestyle

4) Tobacco use 5)Obesity 6)sedentary lifestyle

A nursing cares for a client who ask why the provider prescribed a daily aspirin. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? a) "Aspirin reduces the formation of blood clots that could cause a heart attack." b) "Aspirin relieves the pain due to myocardial ischemia." c) "Aspirin dissolves clots that are forming in your coronary arteries." d) "Aspirin relieves headaches that are caused by other medications."

a) "Aspirin reduces the formation of blood clots that could cause a heart attack."

The nurse is caring for a patient who has peripheral arterial disease. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates understanding of how to manage the pain of peripheral arterial disease? a) "I will sit with my legs down." b) "I will use a reclining chair." c) "I will lie down frequently." d) "I will do knee flexion exercises."

a) "I will sit with my legs down."

The nurse provides a teaching session for a newly diagnosed patient with primary hypertension. Which of the following statements about the cause of primary hypertension if stated by the patient would indicate the need for further teaching? Select all that apply. a) "It is caused by a tumor of the adrenal gland." b) "There are no tests to identify the cause." c) "An arteriogram will show why the hypertension is occurring." d) "The cause is unknown." e) "The cause can be identified with magnetic resonance imaging."

a) "It is caused by a tumor of the adrenal gland." c) "An arteriogram will show why the hypertension is occurring." e) "The cause can be identified with magnetic resonance imaging."

The nurse is teaching a patient about medications used to treat peripheral arterial disease and claudication. Which of these would the nurse include in the teaching plan? Select all that apply. a) Aspirin b) Cholestyramine (Questran) c) Cilostazol (Pletal) d) Clopidogrel (Plavix) e) Enoxaparin (Lovenox) f) Ranolazine (Ranexa)

a) Aspirin c) Cilostazol (Pletal) d) Clopidogrel (Plavix)

The nurse is reinforcing medication teaching for a patient. The nurse would include which of the following instructions to a patient taking a diuretic? a) Change position slowly. b) Eliminate salt in your diet. c) Take your medication before bed. d) Empty your bladder after taking the first dose.

a) Change position slowly.

A nurse at the provider's office is reviewing the laboratory test results for a group of clients. The nurse should identify that which of the following results indicates the clients is at risk for heart disease? (select all that apply) a) Cholesterol (total) 245mg/dL b) HDL 90mg/dL c) LDL 140mg/dL d) Triglycerides 125mg/dL e) Troponin 1 0.02ng/mL

a) Cholesterol (total) 245mg/dL c) LDL 140mg/dL

The nurse checks capillary refill on a patient and finds it is 4 seconds. The nurse would inform the health care provider since which of the following could be indicated? a) Decreased arterial flow to the extremity b) Increased arterial flow to the extremity c) Decreased venous flow from the extremity d) Increased venous flow from the extremity

a) Decreased arterial flow to the extremity

The nurse is providing teaching for a patient undergoing a coronary angiography. Which of the following would the nurse include in the teaching plan for a coronary angiography with femoral catheter insertion site? Select all that apply. a) Dye injection causes a hot, flushing sensation. b) General anesthesia is administered. c) Claustrophobia may be experienced. d) Ambulation is not possible immediately after procedure. e) Allergies are assessed before testing. f) Firm pressure must be applied to the insertion site.

a) Dye injection causes a hot, flushing sensation. c) Claustrophobia may be experienced. d) Ambulation is not possible immediately after procedure. e) Allergies are assessed before testing. f) Firm pressure must be applied to the insertion site.

The licensed practical nurse is assisting with collecting data on a female patient. Which of these findings should be reported to the registered nurse that could be possible symptoms of a myocardial infarction in the absence of chest pain? Select all that apply. a) Fatigue b) Dizziness c) Nausea d) Pain between shoulder blades e) Sweating f) Shortness of breath

a) Fatigue c) Nausea d) Pain between shoulder blades f) Shortness of breath

The nurse is to administer bumetanide (Bumex) to a patient but first reviews laboratory results. Which of these results requires action by the nurse? a) Potassium 3.0 meq/dL b) Sodium 135 meq/dL c) International normalized ratio 0.8 d) Partial thromboplastin time 36 seconds

a) Potassium 3.0 meq/dL

Which of the following would the nurse reinforce after a teaching session on hypertension control as the most important lifestyle modification for the patient with hypertension who is age 59, 71 inches tall, 127 kilograms, and eats a vegetarian diet? a) Reduce weight. b) Restrict salt intake. c) Increase potassium intake. d) Avoid use of alcohol.

a) Reduce weight.

What actions can the nurse take to reduce the anxiety of a patient who is experiencing chest pain? Select all that apply. a) Remain with the patient at all times. b) Dim lights, close door, and leave patient to sleep. c) Explain heart's function is being monitored. d) Explain procedures and actions taken. e) Turn television on for distraction. f) Allow family to be involved in care.

a) Remain with the patient at all times. c) Explain heart's function is being monitored. d) Explain procedures and actions taken. f) Allow family to be involved in care.

A nure is assisting with the admission of a client who has been suspected of MI & a history of angina. Which of the following findings will help the nurse distinguish stable angina from MI? a) Stable angina can be relieved with rest & nitroglycerin. b) The pain of an MI resolves in less than 15 mins. c) The type of activity that causes an Mi can be identified. d) Stable angina can occur for longer than 30 mins.

a) Stable angina can be relieved with rest & nitroglycerin.

A nurse is assisting with the admission data collection for a client who has suspected pulmonary edema. Which of the following manifestations? select all that apply a) Tachypnea b) Persistent cough c) Increased urinary output d) Thick, yellow sputum e) Orthopnea

a) Tachypnea b) Persistent cough e) Orthopnea

A nurse is assisting in the care of a client who began having chest pain 2hrs ago. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse identify as an indication the client has sustained injury to the heart? a) Troponin T 0.8ng/mL b) Creatine kinase (MB) 100units/L c) Myoglobin 80 mcg/L d) Triglycerides 120mg/dL

a) Troponin T 0.8ng/mL

The nurse is reinforcing teaching for a patient with chronic heart failure. Which of the following weight assessments should the nurse teach the patient to perform to monitor fluid status at home? a) Weigh daily. b) Weigh weekly. c) Weigh biweekly. d) Weigh monthly.

a) Weigh daily.

A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching for a client who has a prescription for furosemide 40mg PO daily. The nurse should instruct the client to take this medication at which of the following times of day? a) morning b) immediately after lunch c) immediately before dinner d) bedtime

a) morning

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who HF & new prescriptions for furosemide & digoxin. Which of the following information should the nurse include? (select all that apply) a) Weigh daily, first thing each morning. b) Decrease intake of potassium. c) Expect muscle weakness while taking digoxin. d) Hold digoxin if heart rate is less than 70/min e) decrease sodium intake

a) weigh daily, first thing each morning. e) decrease sodium intake

The nurse is reinforcing teaching on hypertension for a patient. Which of the following statements if made by the patient after a teaching session would indicate understanding of what is often the only sign of hypertension? a) "Sacral edema." b) "Elevated blood pressure level." c) "Tachycardia." d) "Jugular venous distention."

b) "Elevated blood pressure level."

The nurse would evaluate the patient as understanding teaching for prevention of coronary artery disease if the patient stated that which of the following is a risk factor for coronary artery disease that can be controlled? a) "Family history of cardiovascular disease." b) "Hypertension." c) "Ethnicity." d) "Family history of diabetes mellitus."

b) "Hypertension."

A nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client who has a new diagnosis of HTN & a new prescription for spironolactone 25mg/day. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the information provided? a) "I should eat a lot of fruits & vegetables, especially bananas & potatoes." b) "I will report any changes in heart rate to my provider." c) "I should replace the salt shaker on my table with a salt substitute." d) "I will decrease the dose of this medication when I no longer have headaches and facial redness."

b) "I will report any changes in heart rate to my provider."

A patient who has been treated for heart failure is being prescribed 20 mg furosemide (Lasix) daily upon discharge from the hospital. Which of the following statements by the patient would indicate to the nurse the need for further teaching for this medication? Select all that apply. a) "I will take the Lasix in the morning." b) "I will take the Lasix at bedtime." c) "I will drink lots of fluids with the Lasix." d) "I will take it with each meal." e) "I will count my pulse for 2 minutes." f) "I will eat more bananas."

b) "I will take the Lasix at bedtime." c) "I will drink lots of fluids with the Lasix." d) "I will take it with each meal." e) "I will count my pulse for 2 minutes."

The nurse would evaluate the patient as understanding teaching on the purpose of coronary artery bypass graft surgery if the patient made which of the following litatements? a) "It cures coronary artery disease." b) "It is done to increase blood flow to the myocardium." c) "It prevents spasms of the coronary arteries." d) "It will decrease blood flow to the coronary arteries."

b) "It is done to increase blood flow to the myocardium."

The nurse is providing patient education. The patient asks the nurse what heart failure is. Which of the following is the nurse's best response? a) "The heart pumps too much blood into the pulmonary veins." b) "The heart is unable to pump enough blood for the body's oxygen needs." c) "Heart failure is a buildup of blood in the aorta from the heart's left ventricle." d) "With a failing heart, the heart stops beating, so blood is not pumped out."

b) "The heart is unable to pump enough blood for the body's oxygen needs."

The nurse is reinforcing teaching about a high-fiber diet for a patient with angina. The patient asks what the purpose of the diet is. Which of the following replies by the nurse would be appropriate? a) "To increase absorption of the nutrients in your intestine." b) "To prevent straining to reduce your heart's workload." c) "To prevent ankle edema development." d) "To reduce your appetite."

b) "To prevent straining to reduce your heart's workload."

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is scheduled for a stress test. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? a)"You should not have anything to eat or drink for 8hrs prior to the test". b) "You will exercise your heart by walking on a treadmill." c) "A chest x-ray will be obtained following the test." d) "The test will be delayed if your troponin 1 level is less than 0.5ng/mL.

b) "You will exercise your heart by walking on a treadmill."

A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has HF & is encouraged to increase potassium in their diet. Which of the following food selections should the nurse include as having the highest source of potassium? a) 1 medium apple b) 1 medium baked potato c) 1 slice of toast with 1 tbsp of peanut butter d) 1 large scrambled egg

b) 1 medium baked potato

A nurse is caring for a client who has HF & reports increased shortness of breath. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a) Obtain the client's weight. b) Assist the client into high fowlers position. c) Auscultate lung sounds. d) Check oxygen saturation with pulse oximeter.

b) Assist the client into high fowlers position.

The nurse is to obtain orthostatic blood pressure measurements. Which of the following safety interventions should the nurse use during this procedure? Select all that apply. a) Reality orientation b) Gait or walking belt c) Liquids at bedside d) Standing patient quickly e) Asking whether dizzy before standing f) Standing near patient

b) Gait or walking belt e) Asking whether dizzy before standing f) Standing near patient

A nurse is screening a client for HTN. The nurse should identify that which of following actions by the client increases the risk for HTN? (select all that apply) a) drinking 8oz non-fat milk daily b) eating popcorn at the movie theater c) walking 1 mile daily at 12min/mile pace d) consuming 36oz beer daily e) getting a massage once a week

b) eating popcorn at the movie theater d) consuming 36oz beer daily

During a health screening, a patient's blood pressure is confirmed by two nurses to be 220/120 mm Hg. Which of the following actions should the nurse recommend to the patient? a) "Return to work and have your blood pressure rechecked in 2 days." b) "Take two doses of blood pressure medication right now." c) "Sit quietly while we call 911 to request an ambulance." d) "Take off work for the rest of the day and rest."

c) "Sit quietly while we call 911 to request an ambulance."

A nurse is talking with a client who has class 1 HF & asks about obtaining a ventricular assist device (VAD). Which of the following statement should the nurse make? a) "VADs are only implanted during heart transplantation." b) "A VAD helps to pace the heart." c) "VADs are used when HF is not responsive to medication." d) "A VAD is useful for clients who also have a chronic lung issue."

c) "VADs are used when HF is not responsive to medication."

The nurse is obtaining blood pressure readings for people aged 18 to 39 during a community health fair. For which of the following blood pressure readings would 3- to 5-year screenings be recommended? Select all that apply. a) 108/92 mm Hg b) 110/88 mm Hg c) 112/78 mm Hg d) 118/74 mm Hg e) 142/90 mm Hg f) 160/88 mm Hg

c) 112/78 mm Hg d) 118/74 mm Hg

At a follow-up visit, which of the following data would best indicate to the nurse that the patient's blood pressure therapy has been successful? a) Weight decreased by 3 pounds. b) Diary of dietary intake is within suggested diet. c) Blood pressure is 118/74 mm Hg. d) Patient reports walking 30 to 40 minutes daily.

c) Blood pressure is 118/74 mm Hg.

The nurse is caring for a patient receiving bumetanide (Bumex) to reduce preload for heart failure. While collecting data, the nurse sees the patient has less ankle edema and jugular vein distention than earlier. The next dose of bumetanide is scheduled in 1 hour. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a) Notify the physician. b) Hold the bumetanide. c) Give the bumetanide as scheduled. d) Give the bumetanide early.

c) Give the bumetanide as scheduled.

The nurse would evaluate the patient as understanding teaching for peripheral arterial occlusive disease if the patient stated that which of the following is the classic symptom? a) Angina b) Edema c) Intermittent claudication d) Stasis ulcers

c) Intermittent claudication

A nurse is assisting with a community education program on recommended lifestyle changes to prevent angina & MI. Which of the following changes should the nurse recommend be made first? a) Diet modification b) Relaxation exercises c) Smoking cessation d) Taking omega-3 capsules

c) Smoking cessation

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory findings of a client who has a diagnosis of MI & reports that their dyspnea began 2wks ago. Which of the following cardiac ezymes would confirm the MI occurred 14days ago? a) CK-MB b) Troponin 1 c) Troponin T d) Myoglobin

c) Troponin T

A nurse assisting with the care of a client who has blood pressure of 266/147 mm Hg. The client reports a headache & double vision. The client states, "I ran out of my diltiazem 3days ago, & I am unable to purchase more. "Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a) administer acetaminophen for headache b) reinforce teaching regarding the importance of not abruptly stopping an antihypertensive. c) assist the RN with obtaining IV access for the administration of an IV antihypertensive d) recommended social services for a referral for financial assistance in obtaining prescribed medication

c) assist the RN with obtaining IV access for the administration of an IV antihypertensive

A nurse in an urgent care clinic is collecting data from a client who has type 2 diabetes& a recent diagnosis of HTN. This is the 2nd time in 2weeks that the client experienced hypoglycemia. Which of the following client data should should the nurse report to the provider? a) takes psyllium daily as a fiber laxative b) drinks skim milk daily as a bedtime snack c) takes metoprolol daily after meals d) drinks grapefruit juice daily with breakfast

c) takes metoprolol daily after meals

A patient is scheduled for vascular surgery. The patient is taking digoxin (Lanoxin), furosemide (Lasix), warfarin (Coumadin), and famotidine (Pepcid). Which medication would the nurse question the possible need to stop several days before surgery? a) digoxin (Lanoxin) b) furosemide (Lasix) c) warfarin (Coumadin) d) famotidine (Pepcid)

c) warfarin (Coumadin)

The nurse is participating in a teaching session on diet for a patient with hypertension. Which of the following statements if made by the patient would indicate understanding of the teaching? Select all that apply. a) "Canned fruit and vegetables are best to eat." b) "Add salt to food during cooking." c) "Increase foods high in saturated fat." d) "Choose fresh or frozen fruits and vegetables." e) "Read food labels." f) "Be aware of potassium in salt substitutes."

d) "Choose fresh or frozen fruits and vegetables." e) "Read food labels." f) "Be aware of potassium in salt substitutes."

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has angina about a new prescription for metoprolol. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching? a) "I should place the tablet under my tongue." b) "I should have my clotting time checked weekly." c) "I will report any ringing in my ears." d) "I will call my doctor if my pulse rate is less than 50."

d) "I will call my doctor if my purse rate is less than 50."

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is scheduled for an endocardiogram. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? a) "You may experience a warm feeling when the dye is injected." b) "The test will require 2hrs to complete." c) "You will be placed onto your right side during the procedure." d) "The test allows us to see how your heart valves work."

d) "The test allows us to see how your heart valves work."

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is scheduled for coronary angiography. Which of the following statements should the nurse include? a) "You should have nothing to eat or drink for 4hrs prior to the procedure.: b) "You will be given general anesthesia during the procedure." c) "You should not have the procedure done if you are allergic to eggs." d) "You will need to keep your affected leg straight following the procedure."

d) "You will need to keep your affected leg straight following the procedure."

The nurse is caring for a patient on bedrest who is on diuretic therapy. Which action should the nurse take to check for the presence of edema? Select all that apply. a)Press on sternal area. b) Ask patient to perform ankle pumps. c) Turn patient onto side. d) Inspect sacrum. e) Perform sternal rub. f) Press on sacrum.

d) Inspect sacrum. e) Perform sternal rub. f) Press on sacrum.

The nurse is reinforcing teaching for a patient prescribed sublingual nitroglycerin tablets. The nurse should instruct the patient to use this medication in which of the following ways? a) Take one tablet and lie down for 1 hour, and repeat if pain unrelieved. b) Place two tablets under the tongue daily to prevent angina. c) Swallow one tablet, wait 10 minutes; swallow two tablets if pain persists; swallow three tablets if pain remains after 15 minutes. d) With angina and symptoms of myocardial infarction, place one tablet under the tongue and if, after 5 minutes has elapsed, the pain is unchanged or worse, call 911.

d) With angina and symptoms of myocardial infarction, place one tablet under the tongue and if, after 5 minutes has elapsed, the pain is unchanged or worse, call 911.