cardiovascular

how much blood can be in an animal?

8-10 percent of body weight

Records the electrical signals from the heart and captures them on a computer monitor or a printer

Electrocardiograph

explain the transport of blood in the body

Heart, artery, capillary bed, veins, and heart

medium and large veins have

One way valves, pocket valves

what does the pulmonary vein supply the heart with?

Oxigenated blood from the lungs.

what type of pressure is found in veins

Relatively zero pressure

systolic blood pressure is measured when

The ventricles fill with blood

what is the function of a valve in a vein

To prevent reverse bloodflow

Why do arteries have thick walls?

To withstand the high pressure

which blood vessel provides oxygenated blood?

aorta

valve between the aorta and left ventricle. keeps blood from regurgitating back into left ventricle

aortic valve

at the point of the heart, is free, not attached by ligaments or blood vessels, points caudally and ventrally

apex

smaller than arteries

arterioles

which type of vessel needs to withstand high blood pressure?

artery

function of one way valves or pocket valves

assist in movement of blood back to the heart

what is it called when plaque buildup in the arteries

atherosclerosis

relaxation of the atria, during which the atria fill with blood from the large veins

atrial diastole

both atria contract and force the blood from the atria into the ventricles

atrial systole

located in the bottom of the right atrium, the only route of conduction of the electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricle

atrio-ventricular node

site for entry and exit of major blood vessels, situated cranially and dorsally

base

the endothelial lining found in the tunica interna is connected to what?

basement membrane with glycoproteins and collagen fibers

What shape are red blood cells?

biconcave discs

Which one is not transported in plasma? Electrolytes, urea, bile.

bile

what is a thrombus?

blood clot

smaller than arterioles, just wide enough for red blood cells (rbc) to move through

capillaries

which blood vessels gives nutrients and oxygen to tissues

capillaries

what is a network of capillaries called?

capillary bed

towards the tail or away from the head-end of the body

caudal

drains blood from the body

caudal vena cava

why do cardiologists run ekg/ecgs?

check for heart conditions/check if heart is healthy

which vessels supply the heart with blood?

coronary arteries

drains blood from the head

cranial vena cava

causes the heart muscle to contract

depolarization

tissue that the tunica media contains

elastin and smooth muscle

What kind of signal does the cardiac pacemaker use?

electrical

what are capillaries the site of?

exchange between blood and tissues

what forms valves?

folded tunica interna

what does the pulse represent?

heartbeat

what structure is also found in the tunica interna

internal elastic lamina

receives blood from the left atrium. sends blood to the body via the aorta

left ventricle

what is plasma?

liquid portion of blood

tissue found in the tunica externa

loose fibrous connective tissue

where does the right ventricle pump blood to?

lungs

filter lymph and make antibodies

lymph nodes

In what units is blood pressure measured?

mm Hg (mercury)

An abnormal heart sound

murmur

electrical pulses in the heart are controlled by groups of cells called

nodes

How thick is the wall of a capillary?

one cell thick

which component of blood is crucial to clotting?

platelets

what is the function of the blood brain barrier?

protect the brain from toxins

only artery with oxygen poor blood

pulmonary artery

what artery is responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood?

pulmonary artery

to transport blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

pulmonary circulation

valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery that keeps blood from regurgitating back into the right ventricle

pulmonary valve

only vein with oxygen rich blood

pulmonary vein

at the apex of the heart-originate at the branches

purkinje fibers

which type of cell carries oxygen around the body?

red blood cells

What chamber does the vena cava empty into?

right atrium

what tissue composes tunica interna

simple squamous epithelium (endothelium)

natural pacemaker

sinoatrial node

on side of abdomen, close to stomach. makes WBCs and stores RBCs, filters blood, removes old/damaged RBCs from circulation

spleen

thickening of blood vessel

stenosis

a blood clot in the brain can cause a

stroke

process to pump blood to rest of body

systemic circulation

when the heart is contracting

systole

veins are going to have dramatically ______ walls

thinner

function of elastic lamina

to allow expansion for blood flow

what is the function of white blood cells?

to be part of the immune system

purpose of the basement membrane with glycoproteins and collagen fibers

to glue the epithelium to underlying tissue

right A-V Valve. keeps blood going in right direction and not regurgitating back into atria

tricuspid valve

outermost layer of a blood vessel

tunica externa

what is the innermost layer of the blood vessel?

tunica interna

middle layer of blood vessel

tunica media

walls of all blood vessels except capillaries have three layers referred to as?

tunics

blood vessels with own blood supply

vasa vasorum

Which blood vessels have valves?

veins

rest. ventricles relax, whole process starts over again

ventricle diastole

both ventricles contract, blood is forced to the lungs via the pulmonary trunk, and the rest of the body via the aorta.

ventricular systole

where do veins and arteries differ structurally?

wall thickness

why do arteries have thick walls of smooth muscle?

withstand high pressure