cardiovascular- anatomy
the length of the cardiac cycle is normally _____ seconds in length
0.8
a person with a heart rate if 75 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 60mL per beat has a cardiac outout of
4500 mL/minute
the average heart beats about _______ times per minute
75
the electrocardiogram (ECG) wave that results from the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node is the ______ wave
P wave
which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart.
SA node, AV node, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches, purkinje fibers
blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the
aorta
during mid-to-late diastole, blood flows from the atria to the ______
aorta
the largest watery in the body is the
aorta
which valve guards the base of the aorta and opens when the ventricles are contracting?
aortic semilunar valve
the pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the _______, rests on the diaphragm and is oriented toward the left hip
apex
the two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ______, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the _______
arita; ventricles
large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called
arteries
the path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is
arterioles, arteries, venues, veins, capillary beds
the first heart sound, "lub", is caused by the closure of the _____ valves
atrioventricular (AV)
the valves located between the atria and ventricles are known as the _____ valves
atrioventricular (AV)
pulmonary arteries transport
blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs
which type of vessel is constructed only from tunica intima
capillaries
the tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps of endocardium to the walls of the ventricles are called the
chordae tendineae
what anchors the flap of the atrioventricular valves to the walls of the ventricles
chordae tendineae
the heart sounds "lub" and "dup" result from
closure of the heart valves
when ventricles ______, the AV valves are closed
contract
oxygenated blood nourishing the myocardium comes from vessels that branch off the aorta called
coronary arteries
the coronary veins empty blood from the myocardium into a large vein on the posterior side of the heart known as the
coronary sinus
which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from cardiac circulation to the right atrium of the heart
coronary sinus
the layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is
epicardium
the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is actually the same layer as the
epicardium
blood is returned to the right side of the heart from the lungs
false
cardiac output is the product of the stroke volume and the systolic blood pressure
false
during ventricular diastole, the bicuspid and tricuspid valves are closed
false
the QRS wave on an electrocardiogram is representative of ventricular repolarization
false
the chordae tendineae anchor the semilunar valves to the walls of the ventricles
false
the heart sounds lub and dup occur when the arita contract and subsequently when the ventricles contract
false
the semilunar valves prevent the back flow of blood into the atria when the ventricles are contracting
false
the longest veins in the body drain the leg and are the
great saphenous veins
which of these events is not associated with ventricular systole
heart is relaxed
the vagus nerve operates under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system and causes the
heart rate to decrease
the single vessel that drains blood from the digestive tract organs to the liver is the ______
hepatic portal vein
the partition where the bundle branches are located is called the
inter ventricular septum
what structure divides the left atrium from the right atrium
interatrial septum
the organs served by the renal arteries and veins are the
kidneys
the walls of the ______ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart
left ventricle
when the ventricles contract, the bicuspid (mitral) valve prevents blood from flowing from the
left ventricle to the left atrium
pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the
lungs
tunica _______, the middle layer of a typical blood vessel, contains smooth muscle and elastic fibers
media
the heart is situated within the medial section of the thoracic cavity known as the ____
mediastinum
the flow of blood through a capillary bed is called
microcirculation
the bicuspid valve is also referred to as the ______ valve
mitral
the layer of the heart wall that receives the stimulus from Letter E is called
myocardium
the senatorial node, located in the right atrium of the heart, is often called the
pacemaker
arteries are normally depicted as red while veins are colored blue. The exceptions to this rule are the ______ arteries and veins
pulmonary
the transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as ______ circulation
pulmonary
which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood
pulmonary artery
the left atrium receives blood from the
pulmonary veins
the alternating expansion and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left ventricle creates a pressure wave known as a
pulse
the tricuspid valve is located between the
right atrium and right ventricle
the volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the
stroke volume
the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heartbeat is known as ______
stroke volume (SV)
veins draining the head and arms empty into the _____, which carries blood to the right atrium of the heart
superior vena cava
the term that means heart contractions is ______
systole
veins _______
transport oxygen rich bloof
arteries branch into samaller vessels known as arterioles
true
capillaries are composed only of tunica intima
true
during ventricular systole, blood is ejected from the ventricles through the large arteries connected to the heart
true
exchange between blood and tissue cells occur in capillary beds
true
reductions in venous return cause reductions in both stroke volume and cardiac output
true
the alternate name for the bicuspid valve is the mitral valve
true
the average heart beats approximately 75 times each minute at rest
true
the fibrous pericardium is superficial to the serous pericardium surrounding the heart
true
the part of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart that directly supplies the walls of the ventricles is the purkinje fibers
true
the sinoatrial (SA) node is the pacemaker of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart
true
when pre capillary sphincters are closed, blood flows through the shunts and bypasses the tissue cells
true
the correct sequence of layers of a typical blood vessel, from superficial to deep, are
tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima
large veins have _____ to prevent the back flow of blood
valves
the narrowing of blood vessels is known as
vasoconstriction
capillary beds are drained by vessels known as
venules
the mitral valve is normally closed
when the ventricle is in systole
