Cardiovascular Review

what force causes fluid to move out of capillaries?

Hydrostatic Pressure

what force causes fluid to move back into capillaries?

Osmotic pressure

describe the paths of pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. what would happen if more blood was pumped in one system over the other?

Pulmonary circulation moves blood between the heart and the lungs. It transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Systemic circulation moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body. It sends oxygenated blood out to cells and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart. Blood pressure would be either too high or low, inaccurate reading

describe the 3 mechanisms that propel blood in the veins.

The upper chamber of the heart, the atrium (pl. atria), is where the blood enters the heart. Passing through a valve, blood enters the lower chamber, the ventricle. Contraction of the ventricle forces blood from the heart through an artery. The heart muscle is composed of cardiac muscle cells.

Describe the similarities and differences in structure of arteries and veins. How do their structure make them fit for their purpose?

arteries transport nutrient-rich, oxygenated blood to organs and tissues. Arteries are more muscular and have smaller, rounder lumens (internal spaces) than veins. The artery lumen has a wavy endothelium, or inner lining, due to the configuration of elastic tissue beneath it.

Blood vessels called __________ carry blood AWAY from the heart and _______ carry blood TOWARDS the heart. Which carries oxygenated blood?

arteries, veins, arteries carry oxygenated blood.

Capillaries are designed for maximum __________. Describe different capillaries.

exchange ? Continuous: These capillaries have no perforations and allow only small molecules to pass through. They are present in muscle, skin, fat, and nerve tissue. Fenestrated: These capillaries have small pores that allow small molecules through and are located in the intestines, kidneys, and endocrine glands. Sinusoidal or discontinuous: These capillaries have large open pores—large enough to allow a blood cell through. They are present in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and the spleen, and are, in essence, the "leakiest" of the capillaries.

the serous membrane is filled with _________ that provides

fluid-filled sacs, provides protection/cushioning

The cardiovascular system consists of ________ and _________ which work to distribute blood throughout the entire body.

heart and blood vessels

heart is located between

lungs

the heart is surrounded by

pericardium

what happens to excess fluid in the tissues?

the lymph fluid would build up in the body's tissues, and they would swell

vasoconstriction and vasodilation refers to what? what is peripheral resistance? how is it regulated?

vasoconstriction: is the narrowing of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure vasodilation: opening of the blood vessels which decreases blood pressure is the resistance of the arteries to blood flow regulated as the arteries constrict, the resistance increases and as they dilate, resistance decreases