CBSA 2

In what year did a whitepaper that was published by "Satoshi Nakamoto" outlined a solution to the Byzantine Generals problem? A. 2006 B. 2009 C. 2008 D. 2010

2008

Hyperledger is an enterprise focused blockchain project. This project was released by a consortium under the umbrella of the Linux Foundation's Hyperledger Project. What year did Hyperledger go live? A. 2013 B. 2012 C. 2015 D. 2009

2015

In blockchains there is the concept of "Group Consensus" and how many members must agree. A. 52% B. 74% C. 75% D. 51% E. 100%

51%

The difference between a decentralized and a distributed system is? A. A decentralized system is hosted across multiple datacenters B. Distributed and decentralized are the same thing C. A decentralized system is not wholly owned by a single entity D. A distributed system is not wholly owned by a single entity

A decentralized system is not wholly owned by a single entity

When a blockchain software is updated with new functionality that breaks or modi+es the rules of the previous version of the software, what has just occurred? A. A hard fork B. Revision Reversal Attack C. A software fault D. Autonomous update consensus

A hard fork

Which of these demonstrates the correct order of the lifecycle of a transaction on Ethereum blockchain? A. 1. User uses Dapp/web3 to start transaction 2. User signs the transaction with their private key 3. Transaction validated on locally runningnode 4. Transaction broadcast to entire network 5. Miners choose to accept or pass on the transaction 6. Miner takes each accepted transaction and writes it to the current block B. 1. User uses Dapp/web3 to start transaction 2. Transaction broadcast to entire network 3. If accepted by the network, user signs transaction with private key 4. Miners choose to accept or pass on the transaction 5. Miner takes each accepted transaction and writes it to the current block C. Both of these ordering sequences can occur D. None of the above

A. 1. User uses Dapp/web3 to start transaction 2. User signs the transaction with their private key 3. Transaction validated on locally runningnode 4. Transaction broadcast to entire network 5. Miners choose to accept or pass on the transaction 6. Miner takes each accepted transaction and writes it to the current block

You are currently considering blockchain solutions for your organization. You read an article about "blockless" blockchains. What are the two bene+ts that could be gained over a traditional blockchain solution? (Select two.) A. Faster Block writes B. Greater Transaction Security C. Faster Performance D. Greater transaction Capacity

A. Faster Block writes B. Greater Transaction Security

Smart Contracts provide all the following bene+ts EXCEPT? A. Legally Enforcable B. Autonomy C. Cast Savings D. Ejciency E. Backup

A. Legally Enforcable

In Ethereum how is the block dijculty determined in Ethereum? A. The Block Dijculty increases when the time between mined blocks is below 10 seconds, while it decreases when the time is above 20 seconds. B. The Block Dijculty is determined by the Ethereum Committee every fortnight to re\ect the average amount of transaction and it cannot be in\uenced by the network itself. C. The Block Dijculty increases when the time between mined blocks is below 20 seconds, while it decreases when the tie is above 60 seconds.

A. The Block Dijculty increases when the time between mined blocks is below 10 seconds, while it decreases when the time is above 20 seconds.

Consider the following scenario: A large department store chain is being pressured by lawmakers to provide evidence that proves the store's clothing is not produced through child labor. This is no easy task currently due to the store's clothing being transferred between at least 6 different parties in between creation and placement at the storefront. The store chain is considering the use of blockchain to solve their problem. Discretion in the reading and writing of transactions is highly important to the store chain to protect its proprietary interests. Which solution would best solve the product need? A. Use a public blockchain that supports assets, then create a new clothing asset for each item created. When the clothing item is transferred to the next party in the process, require that the associated blockchain asset be transferred to the next party's blockchain account with relevant metadata. The lawmakers can now view the transactions and transfers at any time. B. Use a permissioned blockchain to build the technology. Require every party involved in the process to host a node on you network. Create a new clothing asset for each item created. When the clothing item is transferred to the next party in the process, have the previous party use your web portal to initialize a chaincode Smart Contract to transfer control of the asset. When the next party receives the asset have them use your web portal to initialize a chaincode Smart Contracts to acknowledge receipt of the asset. Provide read-only permissions to the lawmakers so they can receive the evidence they are looking for. C. Both options are equally suitable D. None of the above

A. Use a public blockchain that supports assets, then create a new clothing asset for each item created. When the clothing item is transferred to the next party in the process, require that the associated blockchain asset be transferred to the next party's blockchain account with relevant metadata. The lawmakers can now view the transactions and transfers at any time.

The "Nothing-at-Stake" problem that could be realized by Proof of Stake networks would be caused by what? A. If all of the validator nodes are taken opine B. If validator nodes reject all transactions C. Validator nodes approving all transactions on old and new software after a hard fork occurs D. All of the above

All of the above

A private blockchain like Hyperledger would be the right choice for which scenario: A. An enterprise that needs to build a scalable, secure, permissioned blockchain application B. A network of family members who want to share passwords and other secure information with one another C. Developers who want to rapidly prototype public blockchain solutions D. A startup that desires to build a token and blockchain application for their users E. All of the above

An enterprise that needs to build a scalable, secure, permissioned blockchain application

Which of these technical components best represents why cryptocurrency is able to operate successfully? A. An immutable digital ledger that is validated and distributed across many peers B. Using API calls, cryptocurrency having a direct correlation to USD exchange rates C. High performance computing power allows cryptocurrency to be minted just as a central government might do with +at currency D. Blockchain cryptocurrency transactions are always public which generates user trust and adoption

An immutable digital ledger that is validated and distributed across many peers

Which technical feature of blockchain best promotes the notion of a blockchain being "censorship resistant"? A. An immutable ledger of transactions B. Permissions-based transactions C. Smart Contracts/transactional code that is executed "on chain" D. Consensus systems through Proof of Work and Proof of Stake

An immutable ledger of transactions

Consider the following scenario: A solo app developer wants to create their own cryptocurrency and build a blockchain based that allows users to buy and sell second-hand items with that cryptocurrency from each other. Before the transaction is considered complete, the purchaser must put the funds in an escrow service and the sender must enter the courier tracking number into that same escrow. Time is of the essence and this developer doesn't want to worry about networking of infrastructure. This app must be fully autonomous or "decentralized". Which architecture would best solve the product need? A. Ethereum for token creation and escrow service; User-facing features built with web technologies and deployed through IPFS B. Ethereum for token creation; Traditional multitier API and database for escrow service; User-facing features built in web technologies then mini+ed unto a String and deployed to an Ethereum Smart Contract C. Hyperledger Fabric for the escrow service and token creation using chaincode; User-facing features built with Hyperledger Composer D. The product cannot be built. Fully decentralized apps are not yet possible for user interface

B. Ethereum for token creation; Traditional multitier API and database for escrow service; User-facing features built in web technologies then mini+ed unto a String and deployed to an Ethereum Smart Contract

An on-chain Smart Contract might be considered autonomous in nature because: A. It is dijcult to alter or update B. Once it is deployed, it can never be revoked C. Once it is deployed, it is self-managing D. All of the above

B. Once it is deployed, it can never be revoked

There are two types of tokens in blockchain solutions. (Select two.) A. Legal B. Utility C. Equity D. Financial

B. Utility C. Equity

Which one of the following is true concerning Hyperledger Fabric? A. Cryptocurrency cannot be created or used B. because it is permissioned, companies cannot launch products on it C. Because it is permissioned, it is impossible to display data to the general public D. None of the above

Because it is permissioned, it is impossible to display data to the general public

Ideal bug reports link the bug being reported to a _______________ A. Business Value B. Business Process C. Regression Issue D. Business Target E. Progression Issue

Business Value

What type of "bug" generally occurs when something isn't right according to business requirements? A. Business logic B. Business Requirements C. Integration D. Accessibility E. Security

Business logic

To approve pending ledger transactions, consensus algorithms often implement: A. Byzantine Fault Tolerance B. Access Control C. Kerckhoffs's Principle D. Common Weakness Enumeration

Byzantine Fault Tolerance

Blockchain provenance is de+ned as _______________? A. Information sent to the blockchain and written to the blockchain. B. Recording the history of data, from its last block to various stages of the data lifecycle C. Recording the history of data, from its inception to various stages of the data lifecycle. D. Once a transaction has been written and committed to the ledger it cannot be changed.

C. Recording the history of data, from its inception to various stages of the data lifecycle.

In common blockchain design, blockchain addresses or "accounts" are generated by: A. A PRNG output guaranteed to be unique B. A server/node timestamp added to a PRNG output C. Creating a hash based on a cryptographic public key and various meta data D. The most recent block height hash combined with a cryptographic private key

Creating a hash based on a cryptographic public key and various meta data

Some of the various consensus models employed by public blockchain networks include: A. Proof of Work B. Proof of Importance C. Proof of Stake D. All of the above

D. All of the above

In regards to understanding the Ethereum Virtual Machine what statement is true? A. The EVM is extremely powerful, non-turing complete and perfect for doing computational intensive thins, because of the direct access to the graphics card. B. The EVM is extremely powerful, turing complete and perfect for doing computational intensive things, because of the direct access to the graphics card. C. While the EVM is Sandboxed, it isn't as powerful as the Bitcoin network, because it's not Turing Complete D. The EVM can't access hardware layers or anything outside a blockchain node because it's sandboxed.

D. The EVM can't access hardware layers or anything outside a blockchain node because it's sandboxed.

Which factor in\uences the gas cost to deploy a Smart Contact on the Ethereum blockchain? A. None. Smart Contract deployment has a +xed gas cost B. The types of operations written in code within the Smart Contract C. The current Ethereum market conditions D. The total size of the complied Smart Contract measured in kilobytes

D. The total size of the complied Smart Contract measured in kilobytes

The word "Drapp" or "DApp" is most commonly understood to mean what? A. Distributed Application B. Distributed Apps and Programs C. Decentralized Application D. Distributed Autonomous Application

Decentralized Application

What does the acronym DAO represent? A. Distributed Autonomous Operations B. Distributed Anonymous Organization C. Distributed Anonymous Operations D. Decentralized Autonomous Organization

Decentralized Autonomous Organization

In public key cryptography, the public key is used to: A. Sign/approve any transaction/action that might be made by the holder of the key pair B. Verify the digital signature of a given key pair C. Decrypt the private key so valid transactions/actions can be performed D. Encrypt the private key

Encrypt the private key

Which types of data are able to be stored on any given blockchain ledger? A. Each blockchain software speci+es its own data storage rules B. Any data that is within the UTC-8 standard C. Unencrypted textual and numerical data D. Encrypted textual and numerical data

Encrypted textual and numerical data

Anonymity can be protected in blockchain applications by use of which of the following? A. Centralized application hosting B. End-to-end encryption C. Cryptographic hashing D. Blockchain-based data cubes

End-to-end encryption

Which cryptocurrency is also known as "Smart Money" in the blockchain world? A. Ether B. BTC C. Monero D. Litecoin

Ether

By default, who can see transaction details on a public/open blockchain? A. The initiator B. Everyone C. The recipient of a transaction D. The network owner / administrator

Everyone

Which of the following would create a blockchain transaction? A. Updating a Smart Contract B. Updating an internal State variable C. Exchanging solution tokens D. All of the above

Exchanging solution tokens

All blockchain networks and systems require autonomous on-chain code in order to process transactions. A. FALSE B. TRUE

FALSE

Blockchain systems assume all parties are trusted by all other parties in the exchange or ecosystem. A. FALSE B. TRUE

FALSE

Blockchains only work to store +nancial transactions or other exchanges of monetary value. A. TRUE B. FALSE

FALSE

By design, permissioned blockchains such as Hyperledger Fabric are not capable of creating or utilizing cryptocurrency. A. FALSE B. TRUE

FALSE

Byzantine Fault Tolerance can be achieved only through a Proof of Work. A. FALSE B. TRUE

FALSE

It is impossible to persist media types such as MP3 and MOV on any distributed ledger. A. FALSE B. TRUE

FALSE

Pending transactions on the Ethereum blockchain are always ordered by highest fee paid to lowest, and then written to the block in that order. A. FALSE B. TRUE

FALSE

The reason that cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum and Litecoin can be exchanged one with another is due to the fact that they all operate on the same blockchain network A. FALSE B. TRUE

FALSE

Transactions can be only added to a blockchain. A. FALSE B. TRUE

FALSE

A Smart Contract is most like which classical programming object? A. Class B. Variable C. Method D. Function

Function

What is the difference in using Go-Ethereum over Ganache? A. Can automate builds with Go Ethereum but you can't with Ganache B. Go Ethereum is written in Java whereas Ganache is written in Golang C. Go Ethereum is real blockchain whereas Ganache is a blockchain simulation D. Ganache is a real blockchain whereas Go Ethereum is a blockchain simulation

Go Ethereum is written in Java whereas Ganache is written in Golang

To interact with a deployed Ethereum Smart Contract, a user or app must: A. Have a reference to the public address of the deployed Smart Contract B. Have the appropriate permissions needed to invoke the functions of the Smart Contract C. Have sujcient gas to perform read and write operations against the Smart Contract D. All of the above

Have a reference to the public address of the deployed Smart Contract

Which of these reasons is a good reason to choose a conventional database over blockchain to store application data? A. Centralization is to be avoided B. Databases should never be used over blockchain C. Full history is needed for all data D. High performance is required

High performance is required

Taking a series of unrelated transactions and writing them to a particular block is: A. Highly insecure and considered bad practice B. Most common in public blockchain C. Most common in permissioned blockchains D. Required among all blockchains

Highly insecure and considered bad practice

Which one of the following is a consideration that must be taken into account when using Hyperledger Fabric that you wouldn't need worry about on Ethereum? A. The fees for deploying and using Smart Contracts B. How you will provide proper uptime for the network C. The level of security of Smart Contracts (chaincode) D. How often hard forks occurs on the software

How often hard forks occurs on the software

Which of these is the name of a well known open source peer-to-peer hypermedia distributes +le system? A. FileBlocks B. Hyperbole C. FileDropper D. IPFS

IPFS

The +rst actual known blockchain software implementation and deployment occurred: A. In 1991 by Stuart Haber B. In 2011 Markus Persson C. In 2009 by Satoshi Nakamoto D. In 1991 by Linus Torvalds

In 2009 by Satoshi Nakamoto

Adding more nodes to a blockchain network has which effect? A. Increased centralization B. Increased security C. Decreased costs D. Increased performance

Increased security

On the Ethereum blockchain the "nonce" of a transaction: A. Holds the gas amount to be paid to the miner writing the block that contains the transaction B. Is used to ensure that transactions by a given account are written in sequential order C. Is reset to zero after each successfully mined blocked D. Must always start with four zeroes

Is used to ensure that transactions by a given account are written in sequential order

Which of the following is true concerning Hyperledger Composer? A. It's a competing blockchain to Hyperledger Fabric in the Hyperledger suite of tools B. It's an API layer that sits above Hyperledger Fabric and is required to interact with the Fabric blockchain C. It's a toolset and framework for easily developing business networks D. It's a consensus-focused replicable state machine framework for blockchain development

It's a toolset and framework for easily developing business network

You are considering a cryptocurrency and for your privacy and anonymity are number one priority. Which cryptocurrency should you likely use? A. Monero B. Bitcoin C. Dash D. Shadowcoin E. Litecoin

Monero

What bene+t does HPE Cloud Cruiser provide? A. Need for proven, production-ready technology B. Need a full history of all application data C. Require top-notch performance D. Need to avoid data duplication or redundancy

Need for proven, production-ready technology

In common blockchain design, identity and transaction approval is possible through: A. AES encryption B. Public key cryptography C. Secret key cryptography D. None of the above

None of the above

Proof of Stake offers which advantage over Proof of Work? A. Greater transaction speed B. It is compatible with new generation chipsets C. It has a longer history and deeper knowledge base D. None of the above

None of the above

What consensus algo uses a method of sending coins to an address where they cannot be retrieved? A. Proof of Stake B. Proof of Activity C. Proof of Burn D. Proof of Sending

Proof of Stake

Bitcoin implemented Byzantine Fault Tolerance through a system named: A. Authenticated Encryption B. Proof of Work C. PBKDF2 D. None of the above

Proof of Work

Consider the following scenario: Due to consistent inaccuracies and outdated real estate listings, a residential real estate company wants to build a blockchain solution that accurately depicts which homes (assets) are available for purchase across all countries/provinces. All available homes should be publicly viewable by the general consumer audience, but certain details of the home, such as history of maintenance, should only be viewable by licensed real estate professionals. Which architecture would best solve the product need? A. Public data hosted on a public blockchain, Privileged data security hoisted on a private database B. The entire solution built on a private blockchain with proper permissions for both public and privileged data C. Public and privileged data on hybrid blockchain will Proof of Stake consensus D. Public data hosted on a public blockchain; Privileged data hosted on a private blockchain

Public data hosted on a public blockchain; Privileged data hosted on a private blockchain

Public blockchains can alter the blockchain ledger by: A. Creating a hard fork of the blockchain data, tooling and/or software B. Achieving community consensus via a Smart Contract to update the ledger C. Re-hashing the blocks from the total block height down to the genesis block D. Blockchain ledgers are immutable and can never be altered

Re-hashing the blocks from the total block height down to the genesis block

When specifying blockchain technologies, it is important to understand its bene+ts and its challenges. What would be two challenges of blockchain technology adoption to an enterprise? (Select two.) A. Scalability, transaction speed / cost B. Tokenization of platforms C. Distributed D. Very New Technology

Scalability, transaction speed / cost Very New Technology

Which of the following scenarios and databases is least suited to be utilized by a blockchain solution? A. Scenario: Law enforcement system; Dataset: Criminal Arrests, Warrants for Arrest, Conviction Date B. Scenario: An Email campaign service; Dataset: Recipient Email, From Email; Subject, Body C. Scenario: A family +lter wi+ router; Dataset: Websites Visited, Websites Blocked, Download History D. Scenario: Credit score app; Dataset: Credit Score, Hard Inquiries; Collections, Date Removed, Date Added

Scenario: Law enforcement system; Dataset: Criminal Arrests, Warrants for Arrest, Conviction Date

Which of following scenarios and datasets would be best suited to be utilized by a blockchain solution? A. Scenario: Online game, Dataset: Unique Items In Game, Battles Won, Quests Completed B. Scenario: Mobile app for inspirational quotes; Dataset: First Name, Last Name, Quote of the Day C. Scenario: Sales (CRM) website; Dataset: Hot Lead Count, Lead Score, Lead Fullname, Today's Tasks D. All of the above

Scenario: Online game, Dataset: Unique Items In Game, Battles Won, Quests Completed

If a product's requirements call for public autonomous on-chain code, only using open source code, using cryptographic tokens, and allowing its users the ability to earn tokens, this product should be launched on the Ethereum blockchain. A. FALSE B. TRUE

TRUE

Without 100% autonomy, blockchain software and networks would serve little purpose. A. FALSE B. TRUE

TRUE

How does a client app communicate with Hyperledger fabric chaincode (Smart Contracts)? A. The app uses an SDK which invokes functionality on the chaincode which then announces the transaction to any peers required to endorse the transaction B. The app uses Hyperledger Composer to communicate with CouchDB which in turn invokes chaincode functionality C. Client apps don't communicate with Hyperledger fabric directly, they must use Hyperledger Composer for the transmission D. The app points to a node's IP address, then calls an invoke function on the chaincode address to start the write process

The app uses an SDK which invokes functionality on the chaincode which then announces the transaction to any peers required to endorse the transaction

How are blocks of data "chained" together to ensure the integrity of transactions? A. The hash of the previous block is written to the header of the current block B. The ID of the previous block is stored in the current block C. A public key is stored in each block for data decryption D. The hash of the genesis block is kept in all block headers

The hash of the previous block is written to the header of the current block

In Proof of Work group consensus, the "nonce" refers to? A. The random data to be combined with the block data which will produce a hash output matching the current dijculty level B. Random nonsense data inserted at the end of a block to +ll it completely C. The average Bitcoin price over the last 90 days D. None of the above

The random data to be combined with the block data which will produce a hash output matching the current dijculty level

Blockchain systems can offer what advantage over centralized systems? A. They are much easier to maintain and update B. They have signi+cantly higher transaction speeds C. Their distributed ledger systems are more secure and immutable D. All of the above

Their distributed ledger systems are more secure and immutable

If a Proof of Work blockchain such a s Bitcoin or Ethereum changed to a Proof of Stake consensus paradigm, which key component of the Proof of Work process would be eliminated? A. There would be no need for the miners or nodes to perform a guessing game B. The need to solve Byzantine Fault Tolerance C. All fees related to transactions would be removed D. The blockchain network would no longer have to display public transactions

There would be no need for the miners or nodes to perform a guessing game

Which one of the following is true regarding Smart Contracts on the Ethereum blockchain? A. They provide added security over off-chain transaction code on other blockchain networks B. Because they are compiled into bytecode they cannot be used in an unintended manner C. Any \aw discovered in their code can quickly be updated and redeployed D. They are Turing complete and deterministic in nature

They are Turing complete and deterministic in nature

If a company desires to create a unique cryptocurrency and launch a new blockchain network to host it. A. They must use ERC20 standard for the token, clone the Ethereum Virtual Machine, then launch a series of nodes B. They must use ERC20 standard for the token and can use any open source blockchain tool/system to launch a series of nodes C. They can both create their own cryptocurrency and launch their own blockchain network with any common open source blockchain tool/system D. None of the above

They can both create their own cryptocurrency and launch their own blockchain network with any common open source blockchain tool/system

In what way(s) can Ethereum Smart Contract functions be invoked? A. Only through code executed in other Smart Contracts and XML-RPC B. Through code executed in other Smart Contracts and through web3.js or any JSON-RPC library C. Only through code executed in another Smart Contract D. Smart Contracts cannot be externally invoked. They become autonomous at launch and cannot be called.

Through code executed in other Smart Contracts and through web3.js or any JSON-RPC library

When you considering developing and running dAPPS in Ethereum its important to understand that Gas and Ether are decoupled for price stability. Is this True or False? A. True B. False

True

What is a development language which lets developers solve any class of problem in existence given in+nite time and resources? A. Turing Complete B. Turing Incomplete C. Solidity D. Mist E. JVM F. EVM

Turing Complete

Ownership or partial ownership of an asset can be tracked with which type of token? A. Equity B. Utility C. Ethereum D. Game-based

Utility

Proof of Stake based blockchain systems use what design to permit valid write transactions? A. A genesis "Stake" node approves or disapproves transactions announced from other nodes B. Validator nodes each give or pay a stake in order to write transactions, and if malicious, will lose their stake C. Stakeholders or early product investors host nodes that approve or disapprove transactions from other nodes D. Every node on the network holds an equal stake, and if malicious, gets \agged for removal

Validator nodes each give or pay a stake in order to write transactions, and if malicious, will lose their stake

Which scenario would it be most appropriate for a blockchain solution to implement a Proof of Work or Proof of Stake consensus? A. When the blockchain needs to be permissioned B. When the aim of the blockchain is to be a trustless as possible C. When the blockchain needs to support millions of transactions D. All of the above

When the aim of the blockchain is to be a trustless as possible

One critical business consideration you must account for when choosing Hyperledger Fabric over Ethereum is: A. Who you will have host the nodes and how will you deploy the network B. If your blockchain will use Proof of Work or Proof of Stake C. Which cryptographic algorithms Hyperledger Fabric employs D. How you will implement your own gas/fee system

Who you will have host the nodes and how will you deploy the network

A product's supply chain data is stored on blockchain. Only members of the product supply chain can write announcements to the blockchain but any consumer can query this data in a store to learn more about the product they want to buy. This is an example of a ____/____ blockchain. A. public /closed B. private / open C. private / closed D. public / open

private / open

Complex application components should try to be concentrated in which application layer? A. Interface layer / middle B. Presentation / top C. Smart Contract / bottom D. None of the above

resentation / top