CC 106 Operations Fundamentals

T-AOE

Fast combat support ship - The fast combat support ship (AOE) is the Navy's largest combat logistics ship. The AOE has the speed and armament to keep up with the carrier battle groups. It rapidly replenishes Navy task forces and can carry more than 177,000 barrels of oil; 2,150 tons of ammunition; 500 tons of dry stores; and 250 tons of refrigerated stores. It receives petroleum products, ammunition and stores from shuttle ships and redistributes these items to carrier battle group ships. These ships are being transferred to the MSC. AOEs displace 50,000 tons, are almost 800 feet long and have a crew of over 600.

T-AO

Fleet Oiler - Oilers operate as a unit of an underway replenishment group, replenishing petroleum products and ordnance to the fleet at sea during underway replenishments (UNREPS). The oilers transport bulk petroleum and lubricants from depots to the ships of the battle group. Oilers are all Military Sealift Command ships, manned by a civilian crew and commanded by a civilian master. Oilers are 700 feet long and displace almost 40,000 tons.

T-ATF

Fleet ocean tug - Seven ocean-going tugs are operated by Military Sealift Command and provide the U.S. Navy with towing service, and when augmented by Navy divers, assist in the recovery of downed aircraft and ships.

CG

Guided missile cruiser - These ships are multi-mission [Anti-Air Warfare (AAW), Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW), and Anti-Surface Warfare (ASUW)] surface combatants capable of supporting carrier battle groups, amphibious forces, or of operating independently and as flagships of surface action groups. Due to their extensive combat capability, these ships have been designated as Battle Force Capable (BFC) units. The cruisers are equipped with Tomahawk cruise missiles giving them additional long-range strike mission capability. Cruisers carry about 400 crew, are 560 feet in length and displace almost 10,000 tons. All cruisers are Ticonderoga class.

DDG

Guided-missile destroyer - Guided missile destroyers operate in support of carrier battle groups, surface action groups, amphibious groups and replenishment groups. Guided missile destroyers are multi-mission [Anti-Air Warfare (AAW), Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW), Anti-Surface Warfare (ASUW), and Strike Warfare] surface combatants. DDGs carry about 320 crew and are 500 feet in length and displace over 8,000 tons. All DDGs are Arleigh Burke class.

Discuss how the following factors affect radar operations: Sea Return

Large waves can show up on the screen, degrading close-in resolution and could mask small contacts.

LCS

Littoral Combat ship - Able to support ASUW, ASW, and MCM.

Gyro Repeater

Located throughout control spaces aboard ship. Shows ship's current true course.

Navigation Plotter

Maintains the navigation plot. Will plot and label each fix on the chart in use.

Information Warfare

Management of information technology which involves collection of tactical information, assurances that one's own information is valid, spreading of propaganda or disinformation or demoralize or manipulate the enemy and the public, undermining the quality of opposing force information and denial of information-collection opportunities to opposing forces.

Piloting Officer

Manned during Sea and Anchor. Assists the Bridge in Navigation.

Electronic Support (ES)

That division of electronic warfare involving actions tasked by, or under direct control of, an operational commander to search for, intercept, identify, and locate or localize sources of intentional and unintentional radiated electromagnetic energy for the purpose of immediate threat recognition, targeting, planning and conduct of future operations.

AGER-2 (USS Pueblo)

Technical research ship boarded by North Korean forces on January 23rd 1968.

Link 14

1-way non-secure. NTDS to non NTDS.

Link 4

1-way. Ship to ship

Geographic Plot

A true display of positions and movement of all friendly, enemy, and unidentified surface, subsurface, and certain air contacts in the immediate vicinity.

Battle Force

A standing operational naval task force organization of carriers, surface combatants, and submarines assigned to numbered fleets. A battle force is subdivided into battle groups

Task Force

A temporary grouping of units, under one commander, formed for the purpose of carrying out a specific operation or mission.

Expeditionary/Amphibious Ready Group

A command within the amphibious force, consisting of the commander and staff, designed to exercise operational control of assigned units in executing all phases of a division-size amphibious operation. There are normally two ARGs forward deployed - one to the Mediterranean Sea/Indian Ocean area, and one in the Western Pacific.

Battle Group

A component of a naval battle force organized by the commander of a battle group or higher authority.

Task Group

A component of a naval task force organized by the commander of a task force or higher authority.

Task Unit

A component of a naval task group organized by the commander of a task group or higher authority

Task Element

A component of a naval task unit organized by the commander of a task unit or higher authority

Surface Summary Plot

A comprehensive relative display of positions and tracks of nearby friendly, enemy, and unidentified surface and subsurface contacts.

Communications Status Board

A display indicating radio circuits, assigned frequencies, equipment being used, circuit designators, listing of programmable channelization of patched UHF equipment for "quick dial" capability, down equipment, etc.

Strategic Plot

A large area picture display showing position, movement, and strength of own and enemy sea, land, and air forces within a prescribed area of operation.

Amphibious Warfare

A military operation launched from the sea by an amphibious force, embarked in ships or craft with the primary purpose of introducing a landing force ashore to accomplish the assigned mission

CV/CVN

Aircraft Carrier - Carriers support and operate aircraft that engage in attacks on airborne, afloat, and ashore targets that threaten free use of the sea; and engage in sustained operations in support of other forces. The carry 5-6,000 personnel and 85+ aircraft. They have minimal armament, are all around 1,000 feet in length and displace 80-95,000 tons. The largest class is the Nimitz class.

T-AE

Ammunition ship - Ammunition ships keep the fleet supplied with ammunition and ordnance, independently or with other combat logistic ships. Ammunition is delivered by slings on ship-to-ship cables, and by helicopters. AEs are all Military Sealift Command ships, manned by a civilian crew and commanded by a civilian master. They are 560 feet long and displace 18,000 tons.

LHA

Amphibious assault ship (general purpose) - Modern U.S. Navy amphibious assault ships are called upon to perform as primary landing ships for assault operations of Marine expeditionary units. These ships use Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC), conventional landing craft and helicopters to move Marine assault forces ashore. In a secondary role, using AV-8B Harrier aircraft and anti-submarine warfare helicopters, these ships perform sea control and limited power projection missions.

LHD

Amphibious assault ship (multi-purpose) - LHDs are improved LHA type ships. They closely resemble aircraft carriers. LHA and LHD ships can carry up to 2,000 Marines.

LCC

Amphibious command ship - Amphibious Command ships provide command and control for fleet commanders. There are 2 LCCs. The USS Mt Whitney is the 2nd Fleet flagship, in Norfolk, VA, and the USS Blue Ridge is the 7th Fleet flagship in Yokosuka, Japan. These ships are 600 feet long and carry 800 crewmembers, and have flat decks with the exception of the bridge superstructure.

LPD

Amphibious transport dock - LPDs are used to transport and land Marines, their equipment and supplies by embarked air cushion or conventional landing craft or amphibious vehicles, augmented by helicopters or vertical take off and landing aircraft in amphibious assault, special operations, or expeditionary warfare missions by incorporating both a flight deck and a well deck that can be ballasted and deballasted to support landing craft or amphibious vehicles. 800-900 Marines.

Pilot House

Assists in safe navigation. Reports surface radar contacts for visual confirmation.

Operational Tasking (OPTASK)

Execution of the plan or portion of a plan.

Explain the following basic information flow functions of CIC/CDC: Control and Assist

Creating weapon launch orders or hold fire orders or such other evolutions as sea and anchor and beach landings where CIC makes recommendations and provides specific information.

T-AKE

Cargo and Ammunition Ships - (Lewis and Clark Class) Cargo capacity of 3,442 tons of fuel; 200 tons potable water; 6,675 dry cargo; 1716 tons refrigerated stores.

Electronic Warfare Supervisor (EWS)

Collection and display and reporting of all available EW info.

Explain the following basic information flow functions of CIC/CDC: Processing

Convert the data to useful information.

Voyage Management System (VMS)

Electronic charting application.

Discuss how the following factors affect radar operations: Atmospheric Condition

Depending on conditions can either increase or decrease detection ability.

Explain the following basic information flow functions of CIC/CDC: Gathering

Derived inputs from all sensors.

Identification Friend or Foe (IFF)

Detects emitted radio codes from aircraft primarily. Uses codes to determine if contact is friendly or hostile. Codes are as follows: 1. Mission Number 2. Positive Identification Feature 3. Generic (FAA) Aircraft Identification Number 4. Secure-Military only c. Altitude

Tactical Action Officer (TAO)

Direct representative of the CO in CIC. Has full control over all offensive and defensive weapons, subject to negation by the CO.

Surface Status Board

Displays a summary of surface data, such as formation designation, screen composition, zig-zag plan in effect, base course and speed, wind direction, and sea state.

EW Information Board

Displays info on intercept and radar, guard assignments, any EMCON conditions in effect, radiation characteristics of equipment on own ship and ship's in company.

LSD

Dock landing ship - Dock Landing Ships support amphibious operations including landings via Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC), conventional landing craft and helicopters, onto hostile shores. These ships transport and launch amphibious craft and vehicles with their crews and embarked personnel in amphibious assault operations. LSD 41 was designed specifically to operate LCAC vessels. It has the largest capacity for these landing craft (four) of any U.S. Navy amphibious platform. It will also provide docking and repair services for LCACs and for conventional landing craft. Up to 400 Marines.

Explain the purpose of Emission Control (EMCON).

EMCON is the reduction of transmissions throughout the frequency spectrum. Can be implemented on a reduced basis through only certain frequency ranges or transmitter type, or can be implemented on a total basis, when no signals of any kind are transmitted from the ship (EMCON A).

FFG

Guided-missile frigate - The guided missile frigates (FFG) bring an anti-air warfare (AAW) capability to the frigate mission, but they have some limitations. Designed as cost efficient surface combatants, they lack the multi-mission capability necessary for modern surface combatants faced with multiple, high-technology threats. They also offer limited capacity for growth. Despite this, the FFG 7 class is a robust platform, capable of withstanding considerable damage. Frigates have a crew of 300, are 450 feet long and displace 4,000 tons. All frigates are Oliver Hazard Perry class.

T-AH

Hospital ships - Converted tankers. Each ship has 1,000 beds and 12 operating theatres. Normally, the ships are kept in a reduced operating status in Maryland and California. Can be fully activated and crewed within five days.

Explain the following basic information flow functions of CIC/CDC: Evaluation

Hostile/threat, friendly, or neutral determination.

Discuss how the following factors affect radar operations: Weather

Hot air improves radar speed and range. Fog, thick clouds and rain can show on the radar, degrading the display.

MCM

Mine counter measures ship - Ships designed to clear mines from vital waterways. These ships use sonar and video systems, cable cutters and a mine detonating device that can be released and detonated by remote control. They are also capable of conventional sweeping measures. The ships are of fiberglass sheathed, wooden hull construction.

T-AGM

Missile Range Instrumentation Ships - Converted for Missile Range Instrumentation ship to carry an Air Force shipborne phased-array radar system for collection of data on foreign and domestic ballistic missile tests. Operated by the Navy in the North Pacific for the US Air Force.

Air Summary Plot

Normally covers an area having a radius of 200 nautical miles from own ship.

Lookouts

Notifies CIC of all contacts.

Radar Operator

Operates various radars under the supervision of the CICWO.

Undersea Warfare (USW)

Operations conducted to establish battlespace dominance in the underwater environment, which permits friendly forces to accomplish the full range of potential missions and denies an opposing force the effective use of underwater systems and weapons. It includes offensive and defensive submarine, antisubmarine, and mine warfare operations.

Non-Combatant Evacuation Operations (NEO)

Operations directed by the Department of State, the Department of Defense, or other appropriate authority whereby noncombatants are evacuated from foreign countries when their lives are endangered by war, civil unrest, or natural disaster to safe havens or to the United States.

Maritime Interdiction Operations (MIO)

Operations that aim to delay, disrupt, or destroy enemy forces or supplies en route to the battle area before they do any harm against friendly forces.

Operational Order (OPORD)

Order sent to command by the chain of command.

Radiotelephones

Patched in to assigned channels. Can be stand-alone phones or integrated into the operator console.

PC

Patrol craft - The primary mission of these ships is coastal patrol and interdiction surveillance, an important aspect of littoral operations. The Cyclone class PCs are particularly suited for the maritime homeland security mission and have been employed jointly with the U.S. Coast Guard to help protect our nation's coastline, ports and waterways from terrorist attack. These ships provide the U.S. Navy with a fast, reliable platform that can respond to emergent requirements in a shallow water environment.

Operational Plan (OPLAN)

Plan formulated by command to execute the order.

Discuss the primary and secondary missions of CIC/CDC.

Primary - To provide the organized collection, display, evaluation, and dissemination of pertinent tactical information and intelligence to command and control stations. Secondary - To control and/or assist in specific operations as delegated, such as SAR and navigation.

Radio Central

Provides CIC with radiotelephone circuits.

Signal Bridge

Provides visual communications during EMCON conditions.

Explain the following basic information flow functions of CIC/CDC: Dissemination

Providing the info to the stations that require it.

Discuss how the following factors affect radar operations: Height of Antenna and Target

Radar is line of sight so the higher the antenna or target, the better the range of detection.

Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN)

Radio homing beacon for aircraft.

Link 16

Replacing all others. Secure 2-way. Sends tracks to other systems.

Undersea Warfare Coordinator (USWC)

Responsible detecting and reporting subsurface tracks.

Communications Officer

Responsible for all external communications. OC division officer

Air Warfare Coordinator (AWC)

Responsible for detecting and reporting air tracks.

Surface Warfare Coordinator (SUWC)

Responsible for detecting and reporting surface tracks.

CIC/CDC Officer

Responsible for getting timely information to the TAO. Senior CIC watchstander in Condition IV. OI Division officer.

Air Controllers (ASTAC/AIC/HDC)

Responsible for positive control of all aircraft assigned for the completion of assigned missions. (air-to-air, air-to-surface, ASW)

Shipping Officer

Responsible for the close in surface picture while in heavy traffic or restricted waters. Manned during Sea and Anchor.

CIC Watch Officer (CICWO)

Responsible for the coordination of all CIC functions.

Operations Officer

Responsible to the CO for all facets of the Operations Department.

NULKA

Rocket propelled, disposable, offboard, active decoy designed to seduce anti-ship missiles away from their targets.

T-ARS

Salvage ship - The mission of the rescue and salvage ships is four-fold: to debeach stranded vessels, heavy lift capability from ocean depths, towing of other vessels, and manned diving operations. For rescue missions, these ships are equipped with fire monitors forward and amidships which can deliver either firefighting foam or sea water. The salvage holds of these ships are outfitted with portable equipment to provide assistance to other vessels in dewatering, patching, supply of electrical power and other essential service required to return a disabled ship to an operating condition. There are 4 ARS ships in the Navy.

Link 11

Secure 2-way. Ship to ship.

Radar Repeaters

Shows the picture emitted from various radars.

Chaff

Spreads a cloud of small, thin pieces of aluminum, metalized glass fiber or plastic, which either appears as a cluster of secondary targets on radar screens or swamps the screen with multiple returns. 1. Seduction: Confuses the targeting mechanism of the attack missile system. 2. Distraction: Intended to distract the missile guidance radar midcourse. 3. Infra Red: Burns bright so that it will be a more attractive source of infrared light to a missile.

Weapons Station

Status reports in both directions, weapons free and hold/cease fire orders.

AS

Submarine Tender - Designed specifically for servicing nuclear-propelled attack submarines. Each ship can simultaneously provide services to four submarines moored alongside.

CIC Watch Supervisor (CICWS)

Supervises overall control of all enlisted watch stations in CIC.

Electronic Protect (EP)

That division of electronic warfare involving passive and active means taken to protect personnel, facilities, and equipment from any effects of friendly or enemy employment of electronic warfare that degrade, neutralize, or destroy friendly combat capability.

Electronic Attack (EA)

That division of electronic warfare involving the use of electromagnetic energy, directed energy, or antiradiation weapons to attack personnel, facilities, or equipment with the intent of degrading, neutralizing, or destroying enemy combat capability and is considered a form of fire.

Air Warfare (AW)

That portion of maritime warfare in which operations are conducted to destroy or neutralize enemy air forces. Also called AAW.

Surface Warfare (SUW)

That portion of maritime warfare in which operations are conducted to destroy or neutralize enemy naval surface forces and merchant vessels. Also called SUW.

Explain the following basic information flow functions of CIC/CDC: Display

The information in status boards or radar scopes.

Command and Control Warfare (C2W)

The integrated use of operations security, military deception, psychological operations, electronic warfare, and physical destruction, mutually supported by intelligence, to deny information to, influence, degrade, or destroy adversary command and control capabilities, while protecting friendly command and control capabilities against such actions. Command and control warfare is an application of information operations in military operations

Mine Warfare (MIW)

The strategic, operational, and tactical use of mines and mine countermeasures. Mine warfare is divided into two basic subdivisions: the laying of mines to degrade the enemy's capabilities to wage land, air, and maritime warfare; and the countering of enemy-laid mines to permit friendly maneuver or use of selected land or sea areas.

Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Response

The unique difficulties that disasters pose, combined with the increase in their frequency, make it imperative that the Navy continue to sharpen its level of preparedness and organization. Through the use of surface ships, the DoD can quickly deploy high quantities of relief aid to affected areas in a matter of weeks. The supply line power that the USN possesses is essential in reducing the post-disaster turmoil.

Search and Rescue (SAR)

The use of aircraft, surface craft (land or water), submarines, specialized rescue teams, and equipment to search for and rescue personnel in distress on land or at sea. Also called SAR.

Equipment Status Board

Up to date info on the status of own ship equipment.

Dead Reckoning Tracer (DRT)

Visual historical track of ownship and contacts of interest. Also used to assist ship positioning during man overboard evolutions.

Discuss the requirements and reasons for maintaining a navigational plot in CIC/CDC.

While within the range of land, CIC assists the navigator in determining the ship's position in order to help the ship remain in safe water. The nav plot assists the bridge team by using radar fixes as a check on the visual fixes taken on the bridge.