CC Ch. 66

The spouse of a client with terminal brain cancer asks the nurse about hospice. Which statement by the nurse best describes hospice care?

"Clients and families are the focus of hospice care."

A client with newly diagnosed seizures asks about stigma associated with epilepsy. The nurse will respond with which of the following statements?

"Many people with developmental disabilities resulting from neurologic damage also have epilepsy."

A nurse assesses the patient's LOC using the Glasgow Coma Scale. What score indicates severe impairment of neurologic function?

3

A nurse assesses the patient's level of consciousness using the Glasgow Coma Scale. What score indicates severe impairment of neurologic function?

3

A client with a head injury is being monitored for increased intracranial pressure (ICP). His blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg and the ICP is 18 mm Hg; therefore his cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is:

52 mm Hg. MAP = ((2*diastolic) +systolic) / 3 CPP = MAP - ICP

A patient is admitted to the hospital with an ICP reading of 20 mm Hg and a mean arterial pressure of 90 mm Hg. What would the nurse calculate the CPP to be?

70 mm Hg

A client is receiving intravenous (IV) mannitol to prevent increased intracranial pressure. The order is for mannitol 1.5 grams per kg of body weight IV now. The client weighs 143 lbs. How many grams will the nurse administer to the client? Enter the correct number ONLY.

97.5

A nurse is caring for a client with a brain tumor and increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which intervention should the nurse include in the care plan to reduce ICP?

Administer stool softeners.

A client is transferred to the intensive care unit after evacuation of a subdural hematoma. Which nursing intervention reduces the client's risk of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Administering a stool softener as ordered

Which of the following is a late sign of increased ICP?

Altered respiratory patterns

The nurse is taking care of a patient with a history of headaches. The nurse takes measures to reduce headaches in the patient in addition to administering medications. Which of the following appropriate nursing interventions may be provided by the nurse to such a patient?

Apply warm or cool cloths to the forehead or back of the neck

The nurse is aware that burr holes may be used in neurosurgical procedures. Which of the following is a reason why a neurosurgeon may choose to create a burr hole in a patient?

Aspiration of a brain abscess

Which phase of a migraine headache usually lasts less than an hour?

Aura

Which of the following positions are employed to help reduce intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Avoiding flexion of the neck with use of a cervical collar

Which of the following is the earliest sign of increasing ICP?

Change in level of consciousness

A nurse is caring for a patient with a diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia. Which activity is altered as a result of this diagnosis?

Chewing

A client is admitted to an acute care facility after an episode of status epilepticus. After the client is stabilized, which factor is most beneficial in determining the potential cause of the episode?

Compliance with the prescribed medication regimen

A provider prescribes a disease-modifying drug for a patient with relapsing-remitting MS. The nurse advises the patient that the drug has to be taken subcutaneously on a daily basis, and it may take 6 months for evidence of any response. Which of the following is the medication most likely prescribed in this scenario?

Copaxone

A client with a brain tumor is complaining of a headache upon awakening. Which nursing action would the nurse take first?

Elevate the head of the bed.

A client undergoes a craniotomy with supratentorial surgery to remove a brain tumor. On the first postoperative day, the nurse notes the absence of a bone flap at the operative site. How should the nurse position the client's head?

Elevated 30 degrees

During assessment of a patient who has been taking Dilantin for seizure management for 3 years, the nurse notices one of the side effects that should be reported. What is that side effect?

Gingival hyperplasia

A nurse is caring for a client who requires intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. The nurse should be alert for what complication of ICP monitoring?

Infection

A patient with epilepsy is having a seizure. Which of the following should the nurse do after the seizure?

Keep the patient to one side.

A nurse is preparing to administer an antiseizure medication to a client. Which of the following is an appropriate antiseizure medication?

Lamictal

A client is exhibiting signs of increasing intracranial pressure (ICP). Which intravenous solution (IV) would the nurse anticipate hanging?

Mannitol(Osmitrol)

A nurse is continually monitoring a client with a traumatic brain injury for signs of increasing intracranial pressure. The cranial vault contains brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid; an increase in any of the components causes a change in the volume of the others. This hypothesis is called which of the following?

Monro-Kellie

A nurse is assessing a patient's urinary output as an indicator of diabetes insipidus. The nurse knows that an hourly output of what volume over 2 hours may be a positive indicator?

More than 200 mL/h

When educating a patient about the use of antiseizure medication, what should the nurse inform the patient is a result of long-term use of the medication in women?

Osteoporosis

A patient is admitted to the hospital for management of an extrapyramidal disorder. Included in the physician's admitting orders are the medications levodopa, Cogentin, and Eldepryl. The nurse knows that most likely, the client has a diagnosis of ________.

Parkinson's disease

A patient with neurological infection develops cerebral edema from syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which of the following is an important nursing action for this patient?

Restricting fluid intake and hydration

Following a generalized seizure in a client, which nursing assessment is a priority for detailing the event?

Seizure was 1 minute in duration including tonic-clonic activity.

A female patient is receiving hypothermic treatment for uncontrolled fevers related to increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which of the following assessment finding requires immediate intervention?

Shivering

A client diagnosed with Huntington's disease has developed severe depression. What would be most important for the nurse to assess for?

Suicidal ideations

Which of the following positions should be utilized after supratentorial intracranial surgery?

Supine position with head slightly elevated

Which of the following is an inaccurate manifestation of Cushing's triad?

Tachycardia

The nurse is caring for a client with trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux). The care plan for this client reflects the client's problem eating due to jaw pain. To assist the client in meeting the adequate nutritional needs, what should the nurse suggest?

Take small meals of soft consistency

A 17-year-old victim of a motor vehicle collision is admitted to the ICU. She suffered a closed head injury in the event, an ICP monitor was inserted, and you monitor according to physician's orders. In the occurrence of increased ICP, what physiologic function contributes to the increase in intracranial pressure?

Vasodilation

The nurse is caring for a patient immediately following supratentorial intracranial surgery. What action by the nurse is appropriate?

decreased level of consciousness.

A nurse working in the neurologic intensive care unit admits from the emergency department a patient with an inoperable brain tumor. Upon entering the room, the nurse observes that the patient is positioned like part B of the accompanying image. Based on this initial observation, what would the nurse predict about this patient's prognosis?

poor

The nurse is caring for a client hospitalized after a motor vehicle accident. The client has a comorbidity of Parkinson's disease. Why should the nurse closely monitor the condition and the drug regimen of a client with Parkinson's disease?

Drugs administered may cause a wide variety of adverse effects.

The school nurse notes a 6-year-old running across the playground with his friends. The child stops in midstride, freezing for a few seconds. Then the child resumes his progress across the playground. The school nurse suspects what in this child?

An absence seizure

A nurse is monitoring a client for increasing intracranial pressure (ICP). Early signs of increased ICP include:

diminished responsiveness.

A client diagnosed with Parkinson's disease has developed slurred speech and drooling. The nurse knows that these symptoms indicate which of the following?

The disease has entered the late stages.

When obtaining the vital signs of a client with multiple traumatic injuries, a nurse detects bradycardia, bradypnea, and systolic hypertension. The nurse must notify the physician immediately because these findings may reflect which complication?

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP)

A 30-year-old was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Which statement by the client would indicate a need for more teaching from the nurse?

"My children are at greater risk to develop this disease."

The critical care nurse is caring for a client with bacterial meningitis. The client has developed cerebral vasculitis and increased ICP. What neurologic sequelae might this client develop?

Damage to the optic nerve

A nurse is providing education about migraine headaches to a community group. The cause of migraines has not been clearly demonstrated, but is related to vascular disturbances. A member of the group asks about familial tendencies. The nurse's correct reply will be which of the following?

"There is a strong familial tendency."

A client whose physical findings suggest a hyperpituitary condition undergoes an extensive diagnostic workup. Test results reveal a pituitary tumor, which necessitates a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. The evening before the surgery, the nurse reviews preoperative and postoperative instructions given to the client earlier. Which postoperative instruction should the nurse emphasize?

"You must avoid coughing, sneezing, and blowing your nose."

After a transsphenoidal adenohypophysectomy, a client is likely to undergo hormone replacement therapy. A transsphenoidal adenohypophysectomy is performed to treat which type of cancer?

"You must avoid coughing, sneezing, and blowing your nose."

The client with Guillain-Barré syndrome is scheduled for plasmapheresis and is questioning how this process works. Which of the following statements by the nurse best describes plasmapheresis in the management of this syndrome?

'Antibodies that triggered the autoimmune response are removed from your blood.'

The school nurse notes a 6-year-old running across the playground with friends. The child stops in mid-stride, freezing for a few seconds. Then the child resumes their progress across the playground. The school nurse suspects what in this child?

An absence seizure

A nurse is working in the neurologic intensive care unit and admits from the emergency department a patient with an inoperable brain tumor. Upon entering the room, the nurse observes that the patient is positioned like the person in part B of the accompanying image. Which posturing is the patient exhibiting?

Decerebrate

A client with a traumatic brain injury has already displayed early signs of increasing intracranial pressure (ICP). Which of the following would be considered late signs of increasing ICP?

Decerebrate posturing and loss of corneal reflex

Which of the following types of posturing is exhibited by abnormal flexion of the upper extremities and plantar flexion of the feet?

Decorticate

Which of the following is one of the earliest signs of increased ICP?

Decreased level of consciousness (LOC)

The nurse is completing an assessment on a client with myasthenia gravis. Which of the following historical recounting provides the most significant evidence regarding when the disorder began?

Drooping eyelids

The nurse is caring for a client with mid-to-late stage of an inoperable brain tumor. What teaching is important for the nurse to do with this client?

Explaining hospice care and services

A client is experiencing muscle weakness and an ataxic gait. The client has a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Based on these symptoms, the nurse formulates "Impaired physical mobility" as one of the nursing diagnoses applicable to the client. What nursing intervention should be most appropriate to address the nursing diagnosis?

Help the client perform range-of-motion (ROM) exercises every 8 hours.

The nurse is caring for a client with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Which assessment finding would indicate the need for oral suctioning?

Increased pulse rate, adventitious breath sounds

A nurse working on a medical-surgical floor walks into a patient's room to find the patient with an altered level of consciousness (LOC). Which of the following nursing diagnoses would be the first priority for the plan of care?

Ineffective airway clearance related to altered LOC

A patient with increased intracranial pressure has a cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) of 40 mm Hg. This CPP reading is considered

Infection

A client with a traumatic brain injury has developed increased intracranial pressure resulting in diabetes insipidus. The expected treatment would consist of which of the following?

Vasopressin therapy

A client is sitting in a chair and begins having a tonic-clonic seizure. The most appropriate nursing response is to:

carefully move the client to a flat surface and turn him on his side.

The causes of acquired seizures include what? (Mark all that apply.)

• Drug and alcohol withdrawal • Cerebrovascular disease • Metabolic and toxic conditions • Brain tumor

The nurse is called to attend to a patient having a seizure in the waiting area. What nursing care is provided for a patient who is experiencing a convulsive seizure? (Select all that apply.)

• Loosening constrictive clothing • Positioning the patient on his or her side with head flexed forward • Providing for privacy

The initial sign of increasing ICP includes

Pituitary carcinoma

In your assessment of a 39-year-old victim of a motor vehicle collision, he directly and accurately answers your questions. Beginning at his head, you note a contusion to his forehead; the client reports a headache. As you assess his pupils, what reaction would confirm your suspicion of increasing intracranial pressure?

Unequal response

The nurse is caring for an 82-year-old patient diagnosed with cranial arteritis. What is the priority nursing intervention?

Administer corticosteroids as ordered. Cranial arteritis is caused by inflammation. The inflammation can lead to visual impairment or rupture of the vessel. Administering the corticosteroid as ordered can decrease the chance of losing vision or vessel rupture. The patient should receive an analgesic (acetaminophen) for the pain, but the corticosteroid should help decrease the pain and prevent complications. The nurse should assess for weight loss, but that can be determined after the medication is administered. Documentation of signs and symptoms of inflammation should be done by the nurse after measures have been taken to decrease complications.