cell energy

Which molecule is used by cells as an energy source?

A)ATP

Fungi have been used for thousands of years to modify foods and beverages. Bread made without yeast fungi is flat. The addition of yeast to flat bread dough causes the dough to rise during baking. Yeast uses the process of fermentation to release energy and that process produces carbon dioxide as a by-product. The carbon dioxide is responsible for making the bread dough rise. Based on the data collected, the highest rising bread would use yeast, warm water and the addition of

A)glucose.

Plant cells undergo photosynthesis to produce glucose, a usable form of chemical energy. The energy produced by plants becomes the base of an energy pyramid. Given the situation seen above, what reactant is missing in order for photosynthesis to occur?

A)water

Which statements regarding the ATP-ADP cycle are true?

ATP synthesis takes place in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. ATP is regenerated from ADP through the process of phosphorylation. Energy is stored in the covalent bonds between phosphates, with the greatest amount of energy in the bond between the second and third phosphate groups.

According to the table, what is the optimum temperature for the production of glucose in plants?

B)30 degrees Celsius

The chemical reactants on the left produce ________ on the right.ADP + P + energy -> ____________

B)ATP

When a muscle cell demands energy to contract, what happens to ATP?

B)ATP is hydrolyzed and turned into ADP

The two energy containing compounds created in the light-dependent reactions that are used in the light-independent reactions are ________ and _________.

B)NADPH and ATP

Describe the role of plants in the movement of water through the water cycle.

B)Plants absorb water and release back into the atmosphere through transpiration.

Mr. Miller's biology class is studying cellular respiration. To model cellular respiration, they used stopped flasks, setting one up as the control. This flask contained a package of yeast and 22oC water. The rate of cellular respiration was gauged by the height of carbon dioxide bubbles produced in the flask. Review the diagrams in Step 2 and compare this to the schematic of aerobic respiration. Elaborate on a conclusion for Step 2 of their experiments.

B)The cell's food source of choice for maximum respiration is glucose.

The students then conducted their last experiment. In this case, they added a package of yeast and 2 grams of glucose to the water, which varied in temperature. Comment on the students results regarding cellular respiration in this case.

B)The optimum temperature for cellular respiration of yeast is 42oC

A snail, elodea (aquatic plant), or both were added to the tubes and they were stoppered. Tubes were placed under a grow light for 24 hours and the results recorded. The test tubes were then covered for 24 hours to produce a dark environment and the results recorded. Which statement best explains the change in Test Tube D from the light setup to the dark setup.

B)The rate of photosynthesis decreased in the dark, thus the elodea used less CO2. The elodea and snails continued to produce CO2 through cellular respiration, raising the level of CO2 in the tube, causing the solution to become more acidic (yellow).

Yeast is a fungus and it can die. Bakers proof yeast to make sure it will respond and rise. A student tests different ways to proof yeast by adding it to warm water and other ingredients. If the yeast is alive, the mixture should appear bubbly after five minutes. The results are shown in the table. According to the data, what is the BEST substance to use when proofing yeast?

B)Yeast responds to added sugar.

This is the chemical reaction that occurs during photosynthesis; identify which of these is a product in this chemical reaction.

B)oxygen

The chemical process for respiration

B)releases energy

Carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere primarily by the

B)respiration of consumers.

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

B)sugar and oxygen

On average, how many molecules of ATP are gained through the process of aerobic cellular respiration from one glucose molecule?

C)34-36

Which numbered organelle produces ATP during cell respiration?

C)9

Which of these is NOT part of cellular respiration?

C)Calvin Cycle

During the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis, ________ is decomposed to supply hydrogen ions to produce NADPH, and important energy-carrying molecule used to help produce glucose during the light independent reaction.

C)H2O

How is ATP used? It is used as

C)an energy source for cell processes.

The by-products of cellular respiration include

C)carbon dioxide and water.

The process of photosynthesis is essential in the oxygen/carbon dioxide cycle. Photosynthesis removes ______ from the atmosphere and produces and releases ______ into the atmosphere.

C)carbon dioxide, oxygen

Bacteria, like the Lactobacillus acidophilus use sugar as an energy source for anaerobic cellular respiration. This process produces much less ATP than aerobic respiration and does not produce carbon dioxide as a by-product. It does, however, give yogurt its sour taste and prevents other food spoiling bacteria from developing. This is a description of

C)lactic acid fermentation.

Most of the ATP made during cellular respiration is produced in which organelle?

C)mitochondria

All living things need energy; it is a requirement for life. In a typical cell, ATP, the high energy molecule, is produced in the __________ in the presence of a sugar (glucose) and ______________.

C)mitochondria; oxygen.

Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration yield a net gain of ATP molecules to be used as energy for living things. The processes of _________ would yield the highest number of ATP.

C)oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain)

One student group's data for amount of yeast can be seen here. Describe the students' results.

D)There is a direct relationship between the amount of yeast and the rate of fermentation.

Producers, like this plant, take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide during __________________ , just like animals and other living things.

D)cellular respiration.

ATP is called the energy currency of the cell because

D)most of the energy that drives metabolism is supplied by ATP.

The process of respiration is essential in the oxygen/carbon dioxide cycle. Respiration removes ______ from the atmosphere and produces and releases ______ to the atmosphere.

D)oxygen, carbon dioxide