Cell transport test
When the cell uses energy to pump molecules across the membrane.
Molecular Pumps
List the 3 parts of cell theory.
1. All cells come from existing cells. 2. Cell is the basic unit of all living things. 3. All organisms are composed of 1 or more cells.
describe the sodium-potassium pump?
ATP needed, goes against a concentration gradient, 3 Na out, 2K in
A glucose molecule enters intestinal cells using transport proteins.
Active transport
Positive feedback mechanism:
Amplifies a change to complete a process. Ex: Childbirth
Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion because it requires?
Carrier proteins or channel proteins
List 4 common features of a cell.
Cell membrane, Ribosomes, DNA, Cytoplasm
Negative feedback mechanism:
Counteracts a change to maintain balance. Ex: Body temperature
Large proteins such as low-density lipoprotein (LDLs) enter animal cells in vesicles through which process?
Endocytosis
transport protein help facilitate the diffusion of molecules that normally can't pass through the cell membrane.
Facilitated Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion:
Glucose
Explain the process by which glucose enters a muscle cell through the GLUT4 transport protein.
Glucose enters muscle cells via GLUT4, triggered by insulin binding, allowing facilitated diffusion down its gradient.
Osmosis:
H2O
Endocytosis
Movement of molecules within a vesicle into the cell
Exocytosis
Movement of molecules within a vesicle out of the cell
Diffusion
Movement of solute molecules down a concentration gradient until equally distributed.
Diffusion:
O2 and CO2
How do Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells differ?
One has a nucleus in the middle of the cell while the other has its nucleus by the cell wall.
simple diffusion of water across the cell membrane.
Osmosis
Within each cell membrane is a bilayer filled with phospholipids
Polar phosphate heads with non-polar tails.
Endocytosis:
Proteins
Which side of the U-tube will show an increase in solute concentration? (1 pts)
Side B will show an increase in in solute concentration.
Spreading out of molecules across a membrane until equilibrium is reached
Simple Diffusion
Which molecules will show net movement through the membrane to reach equilibrium?
Sucrose will show net movement through the membrane to reach equilibrium. Then there will be an equal amount of sucrose on both sides. (A= 1.5 sucrose) (B= 1.5 sucrose)
Why can't ions and small polar molecules move right through the cell membrane?
They are polar, and nonpolar and polar molecules don't mix.
Flask A contains a solution that is 15 % glucose.85% H20*
They will Shrive!. (Hypertonic)
Flask C contains a solution that is 5% glucose. 95% H20*
They will expand (Hypotonic)
Flask B contains a solution that is 9% glucose.911. H20*
They will stay the same.(Isotonic)
Osmosis
Water moving across a selectively permeable membrane utilizing a concentration gradient.
Describe how the Na+- K+ Pump works.
it uses active transport to push 3 sodium ions out of the cell and pull 2 potassium ions in, helping the cell stay balanced.
