Cells
what is a prokaryotic cell?
a cell that lacks a nucleaus and most organelles
What is a polymer?
a chain of monomers
What is an amino acid?
a polymer chain constructed from a set of 20 monomers
What is a monomer?
a small molecular uint
What is a selective permeable membrane?
allows some substances cross the membrane
What does anaerobic mean?
an environment without oxygen
What is a carbohydrate?
an organic compound made of sugar
What is an autotroph?
an organism that makes it's own food
What does cellular respiration produce?
carbon dioxide and water
What is active transport?
cell expands energy to move molecules or ions across a membrane
What is cellular respiration?
chemical process that converts oxygen into energy
what is a catalayst?
compounds that speed up chemical reactions
What is exocytosis?
contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through diffusion
What is the function of the nucleus?
control center for cell
What is an organelle?
each cell with a specific job
What is kinetic energy?
energy in motion
What happens during a light reaction?
energy splits water molecules apart and oxygen is put back into the air
What is potential energy?
energy stored due to an objects position
what is the function of a cell wall?
gives support to plant cells
What is the function of microtubules?
gives the cell structure
Where does photosynthesis occur?
in the chloroplast
Where does cellular respiration occur?
in the mitochondria
What does the cellular membrane do?
keeps functions of eukaryotic cells organized
What is ATP?
main energy supply for cells
What does the calvin cycle do?
makes smaller sugar G3P
What are the three types of chemical work?
mechanical, chemical, and transport
why are many mitochondria required by a cell that moves by means of cilia or flagella?
mitochondria provide energy
What is diffusion?
movement of particles of a substance from a high concentration to a low concentration.
What are a monosaccarides?
one simple sugar uint
What is a heterotroph?
organisms that cannot make their own food
What is osmosis?
passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane
what would be the likely function of a plant cell that contains many chloroplasts?
photosynthesis
What are the 3 steps of the carbon cycle?
photosynthesis, consume food, and cellular respiration
What is G3P used for?
plant cell use G3P for raw materials for glucose and other organic molecules
which organelles are required by cells that have the function of making protein?
ribsomes
What is the function of a plasma membrane?
separates cell contents from environment and maintains a homeostasis
What is the function of a cytoplasm?
site for chemical reactions
what is the function of chloropast?
site for photosynthesis
what is the function of the mitochondria?
site of cellular respiration and produces ATP
What is the function of ribosomes?
site of protein synthesis
What is isotonic?
solutions where concentrations of a solute are equal.
What is an enzyme?
speeds up chemical reactions in organism protiens by lowering reaction energy needed.
What does activation energy do?
speeds up specific reactions
What are the function vacuoles?
stores water, nutrients, and other materials
What is endocytosis?
taking in the matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole
How do you break polymer?
the bond is broken by adding water (hydrolysis reaction)
What is equilibrium?
the ratio of molecules on each side are equal
what is hypertonic mean?
the solution with a higher concentration
What is hypotonic?
the solution with the lower concentration
What is the function of an amino acid?
they act as signals for cells and moves cells
What is the carbon cycle?
when carbon moves from inorganic compound to an organic compound
What is a eukaryotic cell?
has a nucleus surrounded by its own membrane and has internal organelles
which organelles are common in both plants and animal cells?
plasma membrane
What are polysaccharides?
polymer chain made out of simple sugar monomers
which plant cells might not contain any chloroplast?
roots
How is a polymer formed?
1.) a monomer is added to a chain 2.) a water molecule is released (dehydration reaction)
What is the main ideas of the cell theory?
1.) cells come from existing cells 2.) all organisms are made of cells 3.) cells are the basic units of structure for all living things
What is the chemical formula for cellular respiration?
6CO2+6H2O -> C6H12O6+6O2
What is the structure of a charbohydrate?
C+H+O
What is the structure of a lipid?
C+H+O
What is the structure of a protien
CHON
What is the structure of a nucleic acids?
CHONP
What does fermentation do?
Fermentation takes the place of cellular respiration when there is little to no oxygen
How is chemical energy released in cells?
It is released through cellular respiration