Cells and their Organelles - Eukaryotic Cells
Inference
An educated guess that you can back up with data or experiments.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Appears rough because its surface is covered with ribosomes which synthesize proteins. Makes its own proteins and phospholipids to add to its membrane to replace the portions of the rough ER that were pinched off to form transport vesicles to carry proteins to the Golgi apparatus.
Mitochondria
Cellular respiration occurs here where energy is released that can be used by the cell. The cell's digestive system, taking in and breaking down nutrients. Enclosed in a layer of 2 membranes The inner membrane has folds called cristae. The folds in the inner membrane provide additional surface area for important reactions to occur, allowing this organelle to do more work.
Nucleus
Contains DNA, the cell's genetic info which controls the functions of the cell. Contains a tangled mass of chromosomes called chromatin. Contains nucleolus which synthesizes ribosomes.
lysosomes
Contains enzymes used to break down or digest large molecules (macromolecules) into smaller molecules that the cell can use w/o disturbing the functions of other molecules. Made in the rough ER and then transferred to the Golgi apparatus.
Chromosomes
Found in the nucleus and is Made of DNA and is rod shaped
DNA
Found in the nucleus and is wrapped around the chromosomes and provides the instructions for the growth of all living things.
DNA
Found inside chromosomes in the nucleus; contains the instructions for growth reproduction and development of the cell
nucleolus
Located inside the nucleus. Synthesizes ribosomes. Cells can have 1 or more, depending on the species and the stage of the reproductive cycle.
Golgi apparatus
Made of stacks of membrane sacs. Transport vesicles carrying proteins (made in the rough ER) enter the Golgi apparatus; the proteins are modified and stored, and then exit inside new vesicles and carried on to other parts of the cell. Proteins are modified and stored here.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
No ribosomes. Metabolic processes. Construction of lipids. Deconstruction of carbohydrates. Detoxification of harmful substances.
Nucleus
Role: contains genetic information of the cell (DNA) which directs all cell activites
Ribosomes
Smallest organelle that looks like small dots made of RNA and protein located on the rough ER and in the cytoplasm synthesize proteins Cells that need to produce a lot of protein have a greater number of ribosomes.
DNA
the genetic material in chromosomes
cytoskeleton
a network of fibers throughout the cell which give the cell shape, anchor organelles in place, and direct the movement of organelles.
Cell theory basically states
all living things are made of cells.
Inference
an educated guess that you can back up with data or experiments
chromosomes
contain genetic material such as DNA
Organelles
found inside the cell and carry out specific life processes
ribosomes
organelles that produce protein
mitochondria
organelles that provide energy for the cell
Cell theory basically states
All living things are made of cells
Chromosomes
Where is DNA found inside a cell?
Cytoplasm
-Jelly like fluid -holds organelles
Cell Membrane
Thin covering around the cell made of proteins and lipids that controls what enters and leaves the cell. Allows oxygen and nutrients to enter the cell. Allows waste products to pass out of the cell. --------------------------------------------------- Each organelle inside a eukaryotic cell (plant and animal) is also surrounded by a membrane to control what enters and leaves its organelle.
Organelles
Tiny structures located inside the cell that perform necessaray functions for the cell
nucleus
Where a substance would be if it passed through the cell wall or cell membrane and then passed thru the cytoplasm
Chromosomes
Where is DNA found inside a cell
ribosomes
place where proteins are made
Protein synthesis
process of making proteins
