Cellular Respiration
There are four major steps in cellular respiration. In the first step, ____1____, which occurs in the ____2____, there are two phases: the ____3____ and the ____4____. The first phase converts the sugar ___5____ into an unstable intermediate via the hydrolysis of ___6___.
1. glycolysis 2. cytoplasm 3. energy investment phase 4. energy payoff phase 5. glucose 6. 2 ATP
The second step, ____15_____, prepares the product of the first step for the next step. This step occurs in the ___16_____. During this process, the 3 carbon molecule ____17___ is changed to the 2 carbon molecule ____18____ releasing one molecule of ___19___ as a byproduct. This process will occur twice for every one molecule of glucose.
15. pyruvate oxidation 16. mitochondrial matrix 17. pyruvate 18. acetal co-a 19. CO2
The third step, _____20______, occurs in the ___21____. In this process, all of the carbons are oxidized, releasing ___21___ as a byproduct. The energy from the carbon containing molecule is transferred to the energy carriers ___22____ and ___23____. Energy is also directly made in the form of ATP via _______24________. This process will also occur twice for every one molecule of glucose.
21. citric acid cycle 22. mitochondrial matrix 23. 4 CO2 24. NADH 25. FADH2 26. substrate level phosphorylation
The final step, _____25______, occurs in the ____26_____. ___27___ passes its electrons to ____28____ while __29___ passes it's electrons to ____30____. These electrons then get passed to ___31____ then shuttled to ____32____ then passed to ____33___ then passed to ___34____ and then passed to the final electron acceptor ___35____ which is converted to __36___.
25. oxidated phosphorylation, 26. mitochondrial inner membrane, 27. NADH 28. complex 1 29. FADH 30. complex 2 31. eupicuadone 32. complex 3 33. cytochrome C 34. complex 4 35. oxygen 36. water
As the electrons are passed through the ___37____, protons are pumped from all protein complexes except ___38___ from the __39___ into the ___40___. This generates a ___41____ and the resulting ___42___ can then be used for ATP via ____43_____.
37. electron transport chain 38. complex 2 39. mitochondrial matrix 40. mitochondrial intermembrane space 41. proton gradient 42. proton motive force 43. chemiosmosis
As hydrogen boosts through the ___44____, it begins to spin like a revolving door attaching inorganic phosphates __45___ to create ___46__. This process can create about __47___ to ___48___ ATP per molecule of glucose.
44. ATP synthase 45. ADP 46. ATP 47. 30 48. 36
The second phase then finishes the conversion of the sugar into the final product ___7____, producing ____8____ via ______9______. This second phase also produces ____10____ as an energy carrier that will be used later in the process. At the end of this phase, there is a net of ____11_____, ____12____, and ____13____ produced as well as ____14____.
7. pyruvate 8. 4 ATP 9. substrate level phosphorylation 10. NADH 11. 2 pyruvate 12. 2 ATP 13. 2 NADH 14. 2 water
