Cert 1
To calculate the days away, restricted, or transfer (DART) rate, the equation should be set up as:
(# of DART cases) (200,000) / (Total Number of Hours Worked)
If an employer decides to contest a citation, abatement period, or proposed penalty, they have ___________ from the time of the citation and proposed penalty are received to notify the OSHA Area Director in writing.
15 working days
On the OSHA 300 forms, you must record the days away for an injury or illness. What is the "cap" of days away to record on the OSHA 300 forms for a recordable injury or illness?
180 calendar days
Potentiating Effect can be written as:
2 + 0 = 12 This is the potentiating effect. One substance does not have a toxic effect on a specific organ system; however, it makes the combination of the two chemicals greater when it is combined with another chemical.
Once an employer receives a citation from OSHA, they must post the citation in a conspicuous location for a period of ___ or until the violation has been abated, whichever is longer
3 days
Calculate the Time-Weighted Average of the following scenario. An employee was exposed to Carbon Monoxide while on the diesel-powered forklift. She was exposed to 40 ppm for 3 hours, 50 ppm for 2 hours, and 30 ppm for 3 hours
38.75 ppm TWA = (C1T1) + (C2T2) +...(CnTn) / Total Hours Worked TWA = (40)(3) + (50)(2) + (30)(3) / 8 Hours = 38.75 ppm NOTE: The PEL for Carbon Monoxide is 50 ppm. 38.75 ppm is less than the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). This employee has not exceeded the standard.
Class 6 There are 2 Divisions.
6.1 Toxic Substances 6.2 Infectious Substance
A work-related recordable injury must be recorded on the OSHA 300 and 301 forms within ___ of receiving notification of the injury or illness.
7 calendar days
A work-related fatality or multiple employee hospitalizations must be reported to OSHA within:
8 Hours
Calculate the volumetric flow rate of the duct: The duct is round and measures 6 inches in diameter. The measured flow rate is 450 fpm.
88.4 cfm Explanation: Use the equation Q= V x A where: Q= volumetric flow rate (cubic feet per minute)(cfm) V= velocity of the air (feet per minute)(fpm) A = cross-sectional area of a duct (square feet)(SF) We are looking for Q (volumetric flow rate). We have V (450 fpm) and need to calculate A before calculating Q. FIRST, Calculate the area of the duct and convert it to feet: The radius of the duct is 3 inches (half of the diameter of 6 inches) or 0.25 feet (3/12) (12 inches in 1 foot) Area of a circle (cross-section) = radius2 x π 0.252 x π = 0.20 sf SECOND, fill in the equation. Q = 450 fpm x 0.2 sf Q= 88.4 cfm
Content analysis-
A Content Analysis is a thorough evaluation of the documents used on the job. This analysis may include a review of laws or written procedures that are related to the task. An example would be a Hot Work Permit.
Context Analysis -
A Context Analysis is performed to determine the desired training needed by the organization. This analysis aims to answer why the training is the recommended solution, who decided that the training would be conducted, and the history of the company regarding employee training.
Cost-Benefit Analysis -
A Cost-Benefit Analysis is conducted to determine the return on investment to the company from the original investment of training costs.
Metal Fume Fever is caused by:
Inhalation of Zinc dust or fumes Metal Fume Fever is a short-term illness and can result if workers breathe very high levels of zinc dust or fumes. These conditions last 24-48 hours and cause symptoms of chills, fever, excessive sweating, and weakness
To create a formal training program, there must be 5 steps implemented, including performance analysis, instructional design, materials acquisition or development, delivery of training, and course evaluation. In which step should methods be developed to train the employees?
Instructional Design A needs analysis should be performed before developing a training program. Performance analysis is the first step in determining if training is the right solution to the workplace problem. Instructional design is where the safety professional should develop the methods used to train the employees, figure out what materials are to be used in training, and what order the training events will happen. During material acquisition or development, the safety professional should acquire the training materials to be used. The materials should reinforce the training objectives. During the delivery of training, the training will be delivered via a chosen method. Once the training has been delivered, a course evaluation should be conducted. The purpose is to obtain feedback from the participants to ensure that future training sessions are improved. Then, the actual work site should be evaluated to determine if the training is effective.
Grab sampling is defined as:
It can be performed using direct read instruments or a known volume of air collected in a container and sent to a laboratory. An example of Grab Sampling is a Tedlar Bag
Leading indicators can play a vital role in preventing worker fatalities, injuries, and illnesses. Which is not true about leading indicators?
Leading indicators are used to measure effectiveness Leading indicators are proactive (Answer D) , preventive, and predictive measures that provide information about the effective performance of your safety and health activities. They measure events leading up to injuries, illnesses, and other incidents and reveal potential problems in your safety and health program. In contrast, lagging indicators measure the occurrence and frequency of events that occurred in the past, such as the number or rate of injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. While lagging indicators can alert you to a failure in an area of your safety and health program or to the existence of a hazard, leading indicators allow you to take preventive action (Answer C) to address that failure or hazard before it turns into an incident. A good program uses leading indicators to drive change (Answer B) and lagging indicators to measure effectiveness (Answer A). Answer A is referring to lagging indicators.
The ___________ is the average number of lifts per minute over a 15 minute period.
Lifting Frequency The Lifting Duration is a three-tiered classification of lifting duration specified by the distribution of work time and recovery time. Duration is classified as either short (which is 1 hour), moderate (which is 1 to 2 hours), or long (which is 2 to 8 hours), depending on the work pattern. The Recommended Weight Limit (RWL) is the primary product in the NIOSH lifting equation. It is defined for a specific set of task conditions as the weight of the load that nearly all healthy workers could perform over of substantial period of up to 8 hours without an increased risk of developing a lifting-related injury. The Lifting Index is a term that provides a relative estimate of the level of physical stress associated with a particular manual lifting task. The estimate of the level of physical stress is defined by the relationship between the weight of the load lifted and the recommended weight limit. The calculation for the Lifting Index is: Lifting Index (LI) = Object Weight / RWL
Regarding management leadership, top management should not:
Make safety part of monthly conversations Management leadership means there is a commitment from the top to implementing a program and using it to drive continuous improvement in safety and health. When management leadership is sincere and is supported by actions, workers know that safety and health are important to business success. This means that the steps they take to improve safety and health will be valued by the business. Answer A, C, and D are ways that management can demonstrate commitment to the safety and health program. Answer B is incorrect because management should make safety part of daily conversations, not monthly.
Chronic Exposure to __________ can cause neuropathy and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Mercury Inhalation of elemental mercury vapor is the most common exposure route leading to mercury poisoning at work.
Class 9
Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials
Dilution ventilation is a system designed to:
Mix fresh air with contaminated air to dilute contaminants Dilution ventilation is used to control contaminants of moderate toxicity, a large number of contaminants sources, intermittent sources, and where emission sources are well distributed
The Controlling Employer
is an employer who has general supervisory authority over the worksite, including the power to correct safety and health violations itself or require others to correct them. Control can be established by contract or, in the absence of explicit contractual provisions, by the exercise of control in practice.
The Correcting Employer
is an employer who is engaged in a common undertaking, on the same worksite, as the exposing employer and is responsible for correcting a hazard.
The Exposing Employer
is an employer whose own employees are exposed to the hazard.
The Creating Employer
is the employer that caused a hazardous condition that violates an OSHA standard.
Warning tags
may be used to represent a hazard level between "Caution" and "Danger," instead of the required "Caution" tag, provided that they have a signal word of "Warning."
Portable Fire Extinguishers must be visually inspected _______ and serviced _______.
monthly, annually
Danger tags
must be used in major hazard situations where an immediate hazard presents a threat of death or serious injury to employees.
Caution tags
must be used in minor hazard situations where a non-immediate or potential hazard or unsafe practice presents a lesser threat of employee injury
Hazard Class 6 materials are:
Toxic
Class 5 There are 2 Divisions.
5.1 Oxidizers 5.2 Organic Peroxides
Class 8
Corrosives
Training Suitability Analysis -
A Training Suitability Analysis is a thorough evaluation of the task to determine if training is the desired solution to performance problems. Keep in mind that training may not necessarily be the answer to correcting employee behavior. Training may be part of the solution.
User Analysis-
A User Analysis focuses on the students and instructors. It determines who will receive the training, who will be the trainer, and what is their current knowledge level of the subject matter. In this method, it must be determined what the most appropriate learning style of the participants is.
Work Analysis -
A Work Analysis focuses on the desired skill and performance requirements of the job being performed. An excellent place to start is to review the job descriptions and requirements of the potential participants.
When analyzing samples, it is highly recommended that you use an ______ accredited laboratory.
AIHA The selection of the laboratory where you send Industrial hygiene samples is essential. Using an American Industrial Hygiene Associated (AIHA) accredited laboratory, you are assured of the laboratory quality assurance/quality control and the validity of the sample analysis.
According to the BCSP Code of Ethics, you should not:
Act in a manner of bias, discrimination, or harassment based on race, color, religion, gender, gender expression, or age There are 8 Board of Certified Safety Professional (BCSP) Code of Ethics Standards that must be followed. You should act in a manner FREE of bias, discrimination, or harassment based on race, color, religion, gender, gender expression, or age.
When training adults, the instructor must be organized in their training session and have clear and understandable learning objectives. This is an example of an implication of which characteristic of adult learners?
Adult learners are goal-oriented There are six characteristics of adult learners that we learned in the previous question. These characteristics have implications that the trainer must understand for a successful training session. Adult learners are autonomous and self-directed. The implications are that the trainer must involve participants in the training, the instructors should serve as facilitators, and the instructors must determine the students' interests. Adult learners have a foundation of life experiences and knowledge. The implications are that the trainer must recognize the student's expertise. The trainer must encourage participants to share their experiences and knowledge with other students in the training session. Adult learners are goal-oriented. The implications are that the instructor must be organized in his or her training session, and the training must have clear and understandable objectives. Adult learners are relevancy-oriented. The implications are that the trainer must explain how the training objectives relate to the training activities. Adult learners are practical. The implications are that trainers should demonstrate the relevancy of the training to the actual job. Adult learners need to be respected. The implications are that the trainer should acknowledge the participant's experience and knowledge and should treat all participants as equals.
Select the incorrect answer about pressure in an exhaust fan.
Air moves from an area of lower pressure to a higher pressure Air moves from are an area of higher pressure to lower pressure. A, b, and d are correct. Exhaust fans work by pushing air upstream of the fan, lowering the pressure on the downside stream. This pressure created by the fan is referred to as static pressure. Total pressure is written as TP = SP + VP.
___________ Testing is a procedure to determine if a chemical is a mutagen
Ames Ames Testing uses the bacterium strain of Salmonella typhimurium
A mole of Nitrogen gas can be described by all of the following except:
An explosive gas Nitrogen is not an explosive gas.
Carcinogen
Any substance or agent known to cause cance
Review Tests:
Are given during the presentation phase of the training Review Tests are given before the posttest. This is beneficial if the training session is a few hours long, such as during a 30 Hour OSHA training course. The instructor could give the review tests at the end of the day to ensure the students understand concepts and provide the teacher feedback if the students are retaining the information.
Which of the following is not true of adult learners?
Are unenthusiastic Adult learners are autonomous and self-directed, have a foundation of life experiences and knowledge, are goal-oriented, are relevancy oriented, are practical in nature, and need to be shown respect. These are the six characteristics of adult learners.
There are four basic gas laws. Charles' Law states:
At a constant pressure, the volume occupied by a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature
The ____________ is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom
Atomic Number An Atom is a basic unit of matter, which contains a nucleus. The nucleus contains positively charged protons and neutrally charged neutrons. Surrounding the nucleus is a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The number of protons in an Atom is always equal to the atomic number. The number of neutrons in an Atom is equal to the atomic weight minus the atomic number. The number of electrons in an Atom is dependent on the charge of the Atom. According to the periodic Law of the Periodic Table, when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, then there is repetition of physical and chemical properties.
Which is not a step in the risk management process?
Auditing and inspecting The risk management process is comprised of five basic steps. The first and most important step in the risk management process is Hazard Identification. Hazard Identification is a continuous process and should be repeated. Once all known hazards have been identified, they must be assessed in terms of their probability and severity to determine the risk level. The next step is Controls Developed and Decisions Made. In this step, it is necessary to develop controls to reduce the level of risk posed by the hazards. After assessing each hazard, supervisors and managers develop one or more controls that either eliminates the hazard or reduces the risk. The next step is to Implement Controls. Management and supervisors must ensure that controls are added into standard operating procedures, instructions, and toolbox talks prior to the beginning of the task. Controls should be understood at all levels. The last step is Supervise and Reevaluate. Managers and supervisors must ensure that employees understand how to use the controls. The manager or supervisor must continually assess the risks during the operational phase of the task. Methods to supervise and evaluate the effectiveness of control measures include spot checks, inspections, daily reports, and direct supervision. Auditing and inspecting is not a step in the risk management process.
__________ is a disease of the lungs that results in breathing in cotton dust or dusts from other vegetable fibers such as flax, hemp, or sisal.
Byssinosis Byssinosis is most common for people in the textile industry. Those exposed will have asthma-like conditions.
All employees must be informed of the meaning of various accident prevention tags used throughout the workplace. Which type of tag should be used in minor hazard situations where a non-immediate hazard presents a minimal threat of employee injury?
Caution Tags
Class 3
Class 3 are Flammable and Combustible Liquids.
A truck is transferring twelve 55-gallon drums of Sodium Hydroxide. What Hazard Class would need to be on the placard of this truck?
Class 8 Sodium Hydroxide is a corrosive material, and therefore, the Hazard Class on the placard would be 8.
There are major elements of an effective health and safety program. Which element below is not a major element?
Contractor Involvement Contractor involvement is essential for an effective safety and health program, but it is not a major element. A, b, and d are major elements. Other major elements include Hazard Prevention and Control and Health and Safety Training.
Long term exposure to ________ fumes may cause the skin and hair to change color.
Copper Short-term exposure to Copper can cause metal fume fever. It may also include a metallic or sweet taste in the mouth.
Examples of Pollution Prevention does not include:
Disposing of materials as waste, such as drums and pallets rather than reusing them Pollution prevention (P2) is any practice that reduces, eliminates, or prevents pollution at its source. P2, also known as "source reduction," is the ounce-of-prevention approach to waste management. Reducing the amount of pollution produced means less waste to control, treat, or dispose of. Less pollution means fewer hazards posed to public health and the environment. A, B and C are all pollution prevention methods. For D to be a P2 method, it would need to read: Reusing materials such as drums and pallets rather than disposing of them as waste. Pollution prevention reduces both financial costs (waste management and cleanup) and environmental costs (health problems and environmental damage). Pollution prevention protects the environment by conserving and protecting natural resources while strengthening economic growth through more efficient production in industry and less need for households, businesses, and communities to handle the waste
Class 1
Division 1.1 Explosives which have a mass explosion hazard Division 1.2 Explosives which have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard Division 1.3 Explosives which have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both, but not a mass explosion hazard Division 1.4 Explosives which present no significant blast hazard Division 1.5 Very insensitive explosives with a mass explosion hazard Division 1.6 Extremely insensitive articles which do not have a mass explosion hazard
Class 2
Division 2.1 Flammable gases Division 2.2 Non-flammable gases Division 2.3 Toxic gases
Class 4 There are 3 divisions.
Division 4.1 Flammable Solids Division 4.2 Spontaneously Combustible Division 4.3 Dangerous When Wet
There are many primary purposes for using ventilation. Which answer below is not a primary purpose:
Ensure chemicals are above the Action Level a. Maintain adequate oxygen supply b. Control hazardous concentrations of chemicals c. Remove contaminants at the source before they enter the workplace d. Ensure chemicals are above the Action Level a, b and c are all primary purposes for using ventilation. More primary purposes include removing odors and controlling temperature and humidity. d is not a primary purpose; you would want to keep the chemical below the action level.
The Threshold Limit Value:
Establishes the exposure time for various contaminants in an 8-hour workday.
Particulates are defined as:
Fine solid or liquid particles, such as dust, fog, mist, smoke, or spray
A _______ coupling classification is defined as handholds cutouts or hand
Good The coupling or gripping method can affect the maximum force a worker can exert on the object and the vertical location of the hands during a lift. A good coupling will reduce the maximum grasp forces required and increase the acceptable weight for lifting. In contrast, a poor coupling will require higher maximum grasp forces and decrease the acceptable weight for lifting
NIOSH approved respirator cartridges and canisters are assigned a color indicating the type of contaminant that they filter. The assigned color for Ammonia is:
Green The assigned color for Ammonia is bright Green. The assigned color for Organic Vapors and Acid Gas is Yellow. The assigned color for Organic Vapors is Black. The assigned color for Acid Gas is White. The assigned color for particulates (High Efficiency Filters and P100s) is Magenta. The assigned color for Organic Vapors, Acid Gas, and Ammonia is Olive/Brown.
Poor Coupling -
Hand-hold cutouts or handles with less than optimal design or loose parts which are hard to handle or are non-rigid bags that may sag in the middle. There are no Great or Best coupling types.
_______ have effects on the liver and _______ have effects on the kidneys
Hepatoxins, nephrotoxins Neurotoxins - are chemicals or agents that have harmful effects on the nervous system Nephrotoxins- are chemicals or agents that have unfavorable effects on kidneys Hepatoxins - are chemicals or agents that have adverse effects on the liver or blood
The ISO45001 international standard specifies that an organization should establish, implement, and maintain a process for hazard identification that is ongoing and proactive. The process should take into account:
How work is organized, social factors, leadership, and culture of the organization The ISO45001 international standard, Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems - Requirements with Guidance for Use, specifies that an organization should establish, implement, and maintain a process for hazard identification that is ongoing and proactive for occupational health and safety management systems. The process of safety and health hazard identification should take into account how work is organized, social factors (such as workload,work hours, harassment and bullying), leadership, and culture of the organization (Answer B). The process should also take into account routine and non routine activities and situations, past relevant incidents, potential emergency situations, people, other issues such as the design of work areas, actual or proposed changes in the organization or operations, and changes in knowledge or information about hazards. Answer A discusses environmental incidents which is not under the scope of ISO 45001. Answer C discusses quality which is not under the scope of ISO 45001. Answer D references environmental activities which is not under the scope of ISO 45001. ISO 45001 discusses occupational health and management systems.
What does the following pictogram represent?
Oxidizer The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) requires pictograms on chemical labels to alert users of the chemical hazards to which they may be exposed. Each pictogram consists of a symbol on a white background framed within a red border and represents a distinct hazard(s). The pictogram on the label is determined by the chemical hazard classification. There are a total of nine pictograms that the safety professional must be able to recognize. The Flame Over Circle pictogram represents Oxidizers (pictured above). The Flame pictogram represents flammables, pyrophorics, self-heating, emits flammable gases, self-reactive, and organic peroxides. The Exploding Bomb pictogram represents explosives, selfreactives, and organic peroxides. It's recommended that safety professionals understand all nine picrograms and their hazards associated.
Atmospheric testing in Confined Spaces is required for two purposes: evaluation of the hazards of the permit space and verification that acceptable conditions exist for entry into that space. Confined spaces should be tested in the following order, from first to last:
Oxygen, combustible gases, toxic gases and vapors Before a permit confined space (that may have a hazardous atmosphere) can be entered, the atmosphere must be tested using the steps identified on the confined space permit. Verification testing is done to make sure that the chemical hazards that may be present are below the levels necessary for safe entry, and that they meet the conditions identified on the permit. The atmosphere for confined spaces should be tested in the following order: (1) for oxygen, (2) for combustible gases, and then (3) for toxic gases and vapors. Then, the testing results (the actual test concentrations), must be recorded on the permit near the levels identified for safe entry. Test the permit space routinely to make sure that the atmospheric conditions continue to be safe for entry.
Fibers are defined as:
Particulate with an aspect ratio (length to width) of 3:1
Douglas McGregor announced his two theories of organization management and employee motivation, calling them Theory X and Theory Y. In both of these theories, McGregor assumed that the manager's role was to organize resources for the benefit of the company. However, McGregor's characterization of employees and their motivation is very different between the two theories. Which assumption is true of Theory X?
People prefer to be directed
You want to improve worker's engagement in the safety program. What is not an appropriate way that workers can participate?
Perform performance evaluations Effective safety and health programs use workers' collective experience, knowledge, and insight in order to find solutions to workplace safety and health challenges. Workers often know the most about potential hazards associated with their jobs. When they are involved in finding solutions, they feel invested in the program. Workers should be encouraged to participate in the site's safety program to build ownership. Answer B, C, and D are great ways to allow workers to participate in the safety program. Answer A would not be appropriate for a worker.
Abraham Maslow introduced the Hierarchy of Needs Theory in 1943. What need must be satisfied first?
Physiological In Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory, Maslow proposed that all human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs and that certain lower factors need to be satisfied before higher needs can be satisfied. Maslow theorized that the lower needs have to be satisfied before the next need level serves as a motivator. In addition, once the lower level need has been satisfied, it no longer serves as a motivator. As a safety professional, it is important to understand this theory and the potential motivation of employees. Physiological needs are the most basic needs and include breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, and excretion. This need must be satisfied first. The next need is Safety. Safety needs include security of: body, employment, resources, morality, family, health, and property. After Safety needs, there is the Love/Belonging needs. The Love/Belonging needs include: friendship, family, and sexual intimacy. After the Love/Belonging needs, there are Esteem needs. Esteem needs include: self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect for others, and respect by others. After Esteem needs, there is the Self-Actualization need. This level represents a person's full potential and the prospect of reaching that potential. The Self-Actualization need includes morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, and acceptance of facts.
Genotoxic is:
Potentially mutagenic and carcinogenic materials that directly alter DNA
There are types of delivery methods used to deliver training. An essential aspect of choosing delivery methods to consider the retention of information. Which delivery method has a retention rate of 75%?
Practice By Doing Lecture-5% Reading-10% Audio Visual-20% Demo-30% Discussion-50% Doing-75% Teaching Others-90%
The chemical manufacturer must ensure that each container of hazardous chemicals leaving the workplace must be marked, labeled, or tagged with:
Product Identifier, signal word, hazard statement, pictogram, precautionary statement, name/address/number of chemical manufacturer
There are four stages of cancer. The last stage is:
Progression Progression is the last stage of cancer. It refers to the transformation of a benign tumor to a neoplasm and to malignancy. Initiation is the 1st stage of cancer development. Initiators become altered via drug-metabolizing enzymes in the body, making them available to cause changes in the DNA or mutations. Latency period is the 2nd stage of cancer. It is the period from exposure to onset on symptoms and where the mutations lay dormant. Promotion is the 3rd stage of cancer. Once a mutation occurs as a result of an initiator, it is vulnerable to the effects of promoters.
Class 7
Radioactive Material
Employees that misuse hand tools result in employee injuries. Which hand tool misuse causes the most injuries?
Screwdriver A screwdriver can be used for many things that it is not meant for. Examples include a screwdriver being used as a chisel or a universal tool.
The key to sustainable waste materials management is the emphasis of the most preferred strategy. The most environmentally preferred method of waste management is:
Source Reduction The EPA developed the non-hazardous materials and waste management hierarchy in recognition that no single waste management approach is suitable for managing all materials and waste streams. The hierarchy ranks the various management strategies from most to least environmentally preferred. The hierarchy places emphasis on reducing, reusing, and recycling as keys to sustainable materials management. The image below is from The EPA's website on sustainable material management.
The ISO45001 International Standard helps an organization to achieve the intended outcomes of its OH&S management system. The intended outcomes of an OH&S management system does not include:
Specific criteria for occupational safety and health performance The ISO45001 international standard, Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems - Requirements with Guidance for Use, states requirements for an occupational health and safety management system and gives guidance for its use to enable organizations to provide a safe and healthy workplace by preventing work related injury and illnesses, as well as proactively improving its health and safety performance. The intended outcomes of an occupational health and safety management system include answer B, C, and D. The ISO 45001 international standard does not state specific criteria for occupational health and safety performance nor is it prescriptive about the design of an occupational health and safety management system.
Mist is defined as:
Suspended liquid droplets generated by condensation or atomization with a size range of 0.01 to 10 microns
On multi-employer worksites, more than one employer may be citable for a hazardous condition that violates an OSHA standard. "The employer that caused a hazardous condition that violates an OSHA standard." describes which type of employer?
The Creating Employer On multi-employer worksites, more than one employer may be citable for a hazardous condition that violates an OSHA standard. An employer may have multiple roles.
Lethal Dose is:
The amount of material (normally a solid or a liquid) that kills 50% of laboratory animals
Which of the following is an example of a leading indicator?
The amount of time it takes to respond to a safety hazard report Lagging indicators measure the occurrence and frequency of events that occurred in the past, such as the number or rate of injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. The number of recordable injuries and illnesses experienced during a given year (Answer A), the Total Recordable Incident Rate (TRIR), and the amount of near misses or close calls experienced during a given year are all examples of lagging indicators. Answer C, The amount of time it takes to respond to a safety hazard report, is an example of a leading indicator. This is a good leading indicator because a decrease in the response time may demonstrate an increased awareness in safety and managers' commitment to workplace safety. Conversely, an increase in response time could signal a lack of management concern, which could mean that hazards are likely to remain uncontrolled, and incidents are more likely to occur. Furthermore, workers may decide to discontinue reporting hazards if they feel that management is not being responsive to their concerns. This can affect morale, which could have broad implications for the workplace.
Toxicity is:
The degree to which a substance can harm an exposed organism
Co-Carcinogen
These agents, when applied immediately or prior to or with a genotoxic carcinogen, enhance the oncogenic (cancerous) effect of the agent
There are several reasons to conduct industrial hygiene air sampling and testing. Select which answer is not a reason.
To comply with 1910.1029 Industrial Hygiene and Medical Surveillance Guidelines.
An employee is using chemicals to clean. Which of the following is not an administrative control that could be implemented to protect the employee from chemical exposure?
Using a fume hood to minimize employees exposure to chemical vapors Administrative controls establish work practices that reduce the duration, frequency, or intensity of exposure to hazards and change the way people work. A, B, and C are all administrative controls that can be implemented to prevent employee exposure to chemicals. D, using a fume hood, is an engineering control. Engineering controls reduce or prevent hazards from coming into contact with workers. Engineering controls are more effective controls to prevent employee exposure to hazards.
Which type of Needs Analysis focuses on the desired skill and performance requirements of the job being performed?
Work Analysis A Training Needs Analysis should be performed before developing and implementing a training program. It is the first step to develop a training program. The Needs Analysis is to determine the current level of worker performance and compare it to the desired performance level. Needs Analysis can be conducted using many different methods. The major types are below.
Theory Y assumptions include:
Work can be as natural as play if the conditions are favorable People will be self-directed and creative to meet their work and organizational objectives if they are committed to them People will be committed to their quality and productivity objectives if rewards that address higher needs such as self-fulfillment are in place The capacity for creativity spreads throughout organizations Most people can handle responsibility because creativity and ingenuity are common Under these conditions, people will seek out responsibility
Theory X assumptions include:
Work is distasteful to most people and they will attempt to avoid work when possible Most people are not ambitious, have little desire for responsibility, and prefer to be directed Most people have little aptitude for creativity and solving organizational problems Motivation occurs only at the physiological and security levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Most people are self-centered, resist change, gullible, and unintelligent
The ANSI/ASSP ____ Standard helps to establish an occupational safety and health management system to improve employee safety, reduce workplace risks, and create better working conditions.
Z10 ANSI/ASSP Z10.0 is a detailed systems-based standard for improving occupational safety and health performance, similar to the ISO45001 standard. The Z10 standard provides a structure that a company can customize to their individual needs, helps to improve productivity, and eliminates risks that can endanger people, property and the environment. The ANSI/ASSP Z117.1 Standard details safety requirements for confined spaces. The ANSI/ASSP Z359 Standard details fall protection and fall restraint requirements. The ANSI/ASSP Z244.1 Standard addresses lockout tagout and alternative methods designed to minimize the unexpected startup of hazardous energy.
A Serious OSHA violation is defined as
a violation with substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result.
Which of the following is NOT considered a recordable injury or illness?
a. Injury or illness diagnosed by a physician or other licensed health care provider. b. Loss of consciousness c. Transfer to another job due to an injury d. Administering tetanus immunizations d. Administering tetanus immunizations.
Which statement about The Bloodborne Pathogen Standard is not true
a. It is a standard that applies to all occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials b. It requires an Exposure Control Plan be reviewed and updated at least every 6 months c. It requires the employer to make the Hepatitis B vaccine available to employees who have occupational exposure d. It requires the employer to keep training records for 3 years e. It requires Medical Records to be kept for at least the duration of employment plus 30 years b. It requires an Exposure Control Plan be reviewed and updated at least every 6 months
Horizontal Standards are those standards that:
apply to all industries and employers.
Good coupling-
handhold cutouts or handles that have a comfortable grip in which the hands can easily wrap around an object
Fair coupling -
handhold cutouts or handles with less than optimal design or a grip in which the hand can be flexed approximately 90 degrees.
The upper flammability limit or upper explosive limit is the _______ mixture that is still flammable or combustible.
richest
Convection is:
thermal energy is transferred by movement of a heated fluid such as liquid or air.
