CFS 136 Chapter 10

Yolanda is a 14-year old girl who was born and raised in Chicago. She still lives there with her parents and younger brother. Yolanda has been diagnosed with ADHD. Which of the following treatments is she most likely to receive?

medicatiion

In America, the most common approach to treating ADHD is

medication

According to the text, adolescents' academic achievement tends to be worst when they have _____________ parents.

neglectful

According to the text, in most European countries how many adolescents attend vocational schools? Approximately

one-fourth

Dr. Shaw wants to conduct a large-scale study examining the attitudes that 20,000 adolescents hold toward their high school education. He starts by doing a small version of the study, using only 40 students to make sure his measures have adequate reliability and validity. This smaller study is an example of

pilot testing.

According to the text, the comprehensive high school system was designed to

prepare students for college.

School climate refers to the

quality of interactions between students and teachers.

Which of the following academic areas is the most common source of difficulties for adolescents with a learning disability?

reading

Britt is a member of an environmental activist organization and has helped organize peaceful protests on campus. She is deeply involved in her sociology studies but is skeptical of her instructor's expertise and wisdom. According to the text, Britt could be best described as a member of the __________ subculture.

rebel

According to the text, Asian American adolescents have the best academic performance. Which option is NOT a likely contributor to these differences?

teacher favoritism

In the European education system, adolescents choose the type of secondary school they will enter when they are about 15 or 16 years of age. This decision is influenced by all but which of the following factors?

the choices of their peers

Currently the diagnosis of learning disabilities is based on

the gap between intelligence test and achievement scores.

The key influence on adolescents' academic performance in different parts of the world is

economic development in their country

Halee is a young girl just entering college. According to research, what program is Halee LEAST likely to enter?

engineering

According to a 2016 survey, there were more young men than women in higher education.

false

Approximately 15% of adolescents in American schools have been diagnosed with a learning disability.

false

In Egypt, the number of younger people who are literate (that is, can read and write) is far lower than the number of older adults who are.

false

Studies have found that minority adolescents who believe that their opportunities are unfairly limited by ethnic discrimination

have lower achievement when compared to their minority peers who don't believe this.

The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) examines student performance in four areas, including all but which of the following?

history

School attendance for adolescents in developing societies is

inconsistent

One major drawback of the U.S. system of comprehensive high schools is that

it limits job-specific training.

A college student who majors in ________ is likely to have the lowest immediate earning potential after completing their his or her degree.

journalism

According to research, Asian American parents and adolescents tend to believe that academic success is due mainly to effort. Therefore,

they would not accept mediocre performance.

A century ago, the mission of most colleges and universities was grounded explicitly in religious beliefs.

true

According to research, support from teachers may be one factor in creating a positive school climate.

true

Approximately one-half of adolescents with a learning disability have been diagnosed specifically with ADHD.

true

College students are more likely to find their experience satisfying at a small college than at a large university.

true

Efforts to create a national education curriculum have been vigorously resisted by those who believe that this should be formed at state and local levels.

true

In general, students who attend larger schools feel less attachment to their teachers and to the school as a whole.

true

Most adolescents who have ADHD also have an additional learning disability.

true

One aspect of adolescents' families that has been recognized for decades as being strongly related to academic achievement is the family's socioeconomic status.

true

The gender gap that exists in most regions outside the West is NOT found in Latin American schools.

true

The key influence on adolescents' academic performance is the level of economic development in their country.

true

Francisco is 27 years old, has a high school degree, and has never attended college. Ernestine is a 26-year old who has both a high school diploma and college degree. According to NCES statistics (2016), Francisco is _______ as likely as Ernestine to be unemployed.

twice

Myrra is young college graduate. She is considering dentistry as her post-graduate work. If Myrra is pursuing this option at UCLA in 1972, how many women is Myrra likely to meet in her class of 100?

virtually none

Anwar is a 15-year-old who lives in Egypt. Based on research, it could be predicted that Anwar's literacy

would be higher than his grandfather's literacy.

One controversial explanation for African Americans' poor academic performance is a possible belief that

doing well in school is an example of "acting White" and therefore is not desirable.

According to research, dropout rates are higher in

. larger schools.

According to the text, nearly _____ of poor girls in rural India cannot read and write.

40%

A recent study which investigated the length of time it takes the average student to complete a "four-year college" degree found it took approximately ________ years.

5-6

Richard is an 18-year-old student who has just graduated from high school and is going right on to college. If Richard is like the average American college student, it will take him ______ years to earn a "4-year" degree.

5-6

According to the text, approximately what percentage of college students drop out before obtaining a degree?

50%

Currently, the undergraduate college population in the United States is _____ female.

58%

According to the text, one of the biggest problems with Massive Open Online Courses is that approximately _____ percent of students who enroll in such classes fail to finish them.

90

According to the text, when did states in the USA begin passing laws requiring school attendance through early teens?

Age of Adolescence

Todd is a young boy attending UWO Senior Secondary High School in Fort Meyers, Florida. His cousin, Kim, lives in New Orleans where she also attends high school. According to the text, how might Todd's and Kim's educational experiences compare?

Different, because schools are controlled by states and cities.

Which one of the following college students is most likely to be satisfied with his or her educational experience?

Dmitryi, who attends a smaller college with smaller class sizes.

The ADORE study was a large scale trial involving over 1,500 children and adolescents with ADHD conducted in

Europe

According to the text, parenting has very little effect on adolescents' performance in school.

False

Approximately 10% of learning-disabled adolescents have been diagnosed specifically with ADHD.

False

Several studies have found that in terms of adolescents' school attendance, parents have a greater influence than friends.

False

Which statement concerning gender differences and school achievement differences is most accurate?

Girls achieve higher grades than boys do.

According to the text, what best explains girls' superior performance in school and the relatively poor performance of boys?

Girls feel greater support by their parents.

Darryl is a young man attending secondary school in the late 19th century. He comes from a very wealthy family. What subject is especially likely to be part of Darryl's curriculum if he is like most of the wealthy adolescent boys in his school?

Greek

Raymond is a Japanese college student who has just begun his higher education after finishing high school. What can he expect with regard to the amount of work he'll be doing outside of his college classes?

He will do about half as much homework as he did when he was in high school.

Rajiv is a student in England who has decided to take a year (or two) after high school before applying to college. According to the research of Jones (2004), Rajiv is likely to cite all but which of the following as a reason for planning this "gap" in his education?

He's interested in exploring marriage to his girlfriend.

Which statement best represents the relationship between low- and high-achievers?

High achievers tend to have a positive effect on their low-achieving friends.

In the Arab countries of North Africa, _______ is an enduring influence in educational contexts and content.

Islam

Consider the research of Niobe Way (1998), who interviewed students to understand their school experiences and the way in which school interacted with other parts of their lives. Which statement about her research is TRUE?

It was a qualitative, ethnographic study.

Cosmo and Joseph are both attending high school. Cosmo lives in Berlin, Germany, and Joseph lives in New York City. According to the text, how might the boys' experiences compare?

Joseph has a greater flexibility because of the broad range of courses.

Junko and her friends are young girls in grade 10 and have been raised in similar traditional Japanese families. Based on research, how might we predict Junko and her friends feel about schoolwork?

Junko wants to work hard to keep up with her friends.

According to the text, what group has the highest dropout rate among adolescents in the United States?

Latinos

What is the term that refers to a large course, taught over the Internet, that a college offers with an "open door" admission policy?

MOOC

Which statement concerning gifted students is most accurate?

Many schools have advanced placement classes for gifted students.

Blanca and Melanie attend high schools in Thunder Bay, Ontario. Blanca attends a large high school with 3,000 students. Melanie, on the other hand, attends a smaller school of only 200. According to research, which statement regarding their participation in extracurricular activities is the most accurate?

Melanie is more likely to participate in extracurricular activities.

How is socioeconomic status (SES) related to adolescents' school performance?

Performance and SES are positively correlated.

Carson is an adolescent in a large urban high school. There are more than 35 students in all of his classes. According to research, how might the large class sizes affect Carson?

Scholars are unable to agree on the effect of class size.

Which adolescent is likely to have the most successful performance in school?

Sheldon, whose parents have an authoritative style.

The fact that the American college system is designed so that early years focus on general education requirements rather than specialized courses leads to which outcome?

Students are less likely to take a gap year between high school and college.

Sunny and her family have lived in the U.S. for eleven years. Her friend, Sonia, has just moved to the U.S. two years ago. Both Sunny and Sonia's family came from the same village in Mexico. According to research, based on their years in the United States who is more likely to have poorer academic performance?

Sunny

Which of the following is an accurate difference between American secondary schools and those find in Asia and Europe?

The American schools allow time for physical education, art, and music, while the Asian and European schools do not.

Repeating a grade, having a history of school difficulties, and scoring low on achievement and/or intelligence tests are all factors that predict

dropping out.

According to the text, which of the following best represents American parents' attitude towards school? The majority would support

a balance of academic and nonacademic activities.

According to recent research, competition for spots in colleges is decreasing in Japan. This is related primarily to

a decrease in the number of college age people because of the low birthrate.

Theo works at a fast food restaurant. His boss has asked Theo if he is willing to take more shifts. If Theo decides to take on the extra work he will be trying to juggle 20 hours of part-time work and full-time high school. According to research, if Theo is a typical adolescent, what might we conclude about the potential effects of the increased hours?

a drop in grades

Anne is a teenager attending junior high school in Washington, D.C. Anne attends a school where all her teachers have high expectations for student conduct. If Anne is typical of students in research conducted on this subject, we may expect Anne to have ___________ compared to students in other schools.

a higher level of achievement

Larger high schools have some advantages over smaller schools. One advantage of larger schools is

a more diverse range of classes.

According to the text, what is it that essentially determines the occupational fate of Japanese young people?

a national system of entrance exams

The model of European university education has recently changed to match the ___________ system.

a. American

Carl recently dropped out of college. According to the text, what might be a strong factor contributing to Carl's early departure from college?

a. lack of financial support

Which of the following is NOT described as a college student subculture?

a. religious

Beverly attends a community college and works 30 hours per week in a veterinarian's office to pay her tuition and bills. According to the text, Beverly could be best described as a member of the _______ subculture.

a. vocational

Suppose you were a participant in a study about high school dropout rates. You are one of the youngsters at high risk of dropping out. According to current research, what factor in your life is a strong predictor of your potential of dropping out?

a. your parents' educational level

One implication that follows from the European system of different types of secondary schools is that

adolescents must decide early about their educational direction.

According to research, which factor is most likely to contribute to lower grades in high school?

amount of time spent socializing

Similar to successful parenting styles, studies have shown that successful teaching includes all but which of the following?

an authoritarian classroom, encouraging student competition

In China and Japan, because university admission is restricted to the very highest performing students, high school students

are under intense pressure to achieve academically.

According to the text, the key to success for intervention programs designed to help potential dropouts is

attention from caring adult staff.

Karen has recently moved from a large academically focused high school to a new school in a small town. In her old school, most of her classmates were high-achievers with high aspirations for academic careers. In her new school, academics are not a big focus and, in fact, Karen has among the best grades in her class and feels great about her school achievement. This situation best illustrates the ________ effect.

big fish in a little pond

Most European countries have three types of secondary schools. They include all but which one of the following?

business-trade schools