CGS Exam 1 study guide

What is the approximate value of a gigabyte?

1,000 megabytes

What is the actual (not approximated) value of a kilobyte?

1,024 bytes

_________ software, which is made for the user, allows individuals to complete a variety of work and school-related tasks.

Application

_________ refers to the measurement of patterns or characteristics found in the human body.

Biometrics

_________ refers to a form of high-speed memory that stores a small, frequently-used set of instructions and data. It is located inside modern CPUs.

Cache

_________ backup providers are companies which provide utility software that creates automated backups to an online account.

Cloud

_________ is the gathering of information from a large group of people.

Crowdsourcing

_________ software is used to create and manage complex databases.

DBMS

The image quality (or print resolution) for printers is measured in:

DPI

_________ is the process of scrambling your data or storage devices to make them unreadable by anyone who doesn't have the proper key.

Encryption

A CPU's clock rate, or speed, is measured in MB or GB.

F

UNIVAC, the first programmable electronic computer, was used by the British during World War II to help crack many coded messages being sent to the German army.

F

Mainframe computers, which are the largest and most powerful computers in the world, are ideal for handling large and highly complex problems that require extreme calculating power.

False

_________ is software that is completely free to use without any specified time restrictions.

Freeware

Modern operating systems have a _________, allowing users to communicate via graphical elements on the screen.

GUI

_________ is an open source operating system with hundreds of distributions that are available commercially or as a free download.

Linux

What is the name of the technology that can translate a scanned document image into text that can be edited and formatted?

OCR

_________ software enables users to create electronic slideshows that are used to present information.

Presentation

_________ tags, such as those present in many automated toll collection systems, can be scanned from longer distances and at higher speeds than barcodes.

RFID

To create successful software, computer programmers go through a series of steps known as the:

SDLC

Ultraportable computers will often use _________ technology exclusively, even though their storage capacity is only a fraction of what a traditional hard drive offers.

SSD

Which of the following devices can measure multiple vital signs with a simple 10-second scan on your forehead and then send those results to your mobile device?

Scanadu Scout

_________ software is used for entering, calculating, and analyzing sets of numbers.

Spreadsheet

A computer's sound card is a circuit board that converts sound from analog to digital form, and vice versa, for recording or playback.

T

Add-on circuit boards that can improve the performance of a computer's video or sound are known as expansion cards.

T

Because solid state storage does not use moving parts, this technology can perform read, write, and erase operations at much quicker speeds.

T

Many of the components inside a computer generate a great deal of heat. Without proper cooling, a computer could overheat and malfunction.

T

Tape drives, which use magnetic tape to store data, are popular for organizations that have large quantities of information to backup or archive.

T

The CTRL, ALT, FN, and WINDOWS keys are commonly used for keyboard shortcuts, which are keystrokes that can quickly perform an operation within software.

T

The motherboard is the largest circuit board in a personal computer.

T

Having a higher quantity of RAM will allow you to have more open programs and quickly switch between them.

True

Input can take a variety of forms, such as the text you type with your keyboard or a variety of finger movements on the touchscreen of a mobile device.

True

Many computers do not need a video card because the video-processing circuitry is built directly into the motherboard.

True

The term "phablet" is used to refer to large smartphones whose size falls somewhere between a traditional smartphone and a 7-inch tablet.

True

_________, which dates back to 1969, runs many of the world's most powerful servers.

Unix

_________ memory refers to a portion of your hard drive that is being used as RAM.

Virtual

_________ applications allow you to play games, edit documents, and even create basic drawings without leaving your web browser.

Web-based

_________ software provides tools for creating and editing all kinds of text-based documents such as letters, resumes, and reports.

Word processing

Many mobile devices contain a(n) _________ and gyroscope that can sense even the smallest movements.

accelometer

The series of steps that describe exactly what each portion of a program is supposed to do is known as a(n):

algorithm

In _________ reality, the real-world is supplemented with computer-generated information.

augmented

We are currently seeing an increase in home _________, where many household activities are being automated or controlled from a distance.

automation

A _________ is a copy of one or more files (or entire storage devices) that is made in case the originals become lost or damaged.

backup

Software companies will often release a(n) _________ version to a limited audience that will test it on their systems. Programmers can then collect information from these users about any errors that were encountered.

beta

The most fundamental unit of computing is the _________, which is typically represented as a 1 or 0 value.

bit

Programs that are based on _________ graphics record your images on a pixel by pixel basis and will typically save files in formats such as JPG, GIF, and PNG.

bitmap

In order to save space, some large, multi-user environments use thin units called _________ servers which can slide in and out of a rack that holds many of its companion servers.

blade

A(n) _________ is just another name for an error in a program.

bug

When it comes to describing a computer's storage or memory we commonly use the unit known as the _________, which is simply a collection of eight bits.

byte

Several _________ serve as traffic directors for all data flowing through a motherboard.

chipsets

The _________ is a temporary location for things that are being moved or copied.

clipboard

With _________ storage services, your files can be stored online and accessed from any Internet-connected device.

cloud

Which of the following technologies allows you to store your files and use various applications in an online account?

cloud computing

Computers that have the same operating system are said to be _________ with each other because they can support the same software.

compatible

The _________ is a program that translates a specific programming language into a machine language that can be processed by the CPU.

compiler

Many users choose to _________ several files into one ZIP file for the sake of easy transport, especially when attaching them to an email message.

compress

In the simplest terms, a(n) _________ is a device that accepts input, processes data, and can output or store the result of its actions.

computer

Federal _________ law gives software creators a variety of rights and privileges over their creative work.

copyright

Simply put, a computer _________ is an organized method for storing and retrieving information such as customers, employees, inventory, and sales records.

database

Operating systems typically contain a disk _________ or optimization utility, which will reorganize files and fragments to place related ones nearer to each other.

defragmentation

Operating systems communicate with most hardware components using:

device drivers

The ability to automatically print to both sides of a piece of paper is known as:

duplexing

Once a computer program is compiled, the IDE will produce a(n) _________ file that can be run by the operating system on a user's computer.

executable

Since the NTFS file system enjoys more widespread compatibility with other operating systems, it is often used on removable devices such SD cards and USB flash drives.

f

The process of converting algorithms into an actual computer program is known as flowcharting.

f

With the subscription model of software licensing, companies pay for software solely during the time an employee is actively using it.

f

The most fundamental components of storage that users interact with are the:

files

A software-based _________ is dedicated to examining and blocking Internet traffic.

firewall

The instructions that handle a computer's basic functions when it is powered on are referred to as:

firmware

Preparing a storage device for use by an operating system is known as:

formatting

The _________ is the primary storage device of a personal computer.

hard drive

A(n) _________ is a graphical representation of a file, folder, or drive.

icon

A software _________ is a contract from the software creator that specifies the rules for using this software.

license

Collectively, all malicious programs are referred to as:

malware

In a computer, _________ is a general term for electronic chips that store data and program instructions that can be accessed quickly by the CPU.

memory

Practically all of today's computers are equipped with complete _________ capabilities, which means that they can input and output sound, music, images, and video.

multimedia

The ability to run multiple programs at the same time is known as:

multitasking

A(n) _________ allows users to communicate and share information between computers.

network

One of the most famous _________ licenses is GPL, which ensures that a particular program remains free to distribute and allows its code to be examined and modified by anyone.

open source

Which of the following refers to the processed results that a computer sends out to you?

output

Which of the following refers to the ability of a computer to perform a variety of actions based on instructions from the user or a program?

processing

The purpose of _________ software is to keep you, your computer, and your personal information safe from a variety of threats.

security

_________ media refers to music and movies that are delivered on demand from an online source.

streaming

Often times, several office programs are bundled as a unit known as an office:

suite

A file path is a complete address that describes the exact location of a file.

t

After software is acquired, it must typically be installed before it can be used.

t

An EULA usually takes the form of an electronic notification that appears when installing software. The user then has a choice to accept or decline the terms of this agreement.

t

Antivirus, encryption, and file compression software are all examples of utilities.

t

Dividing a hard drive into multiple sections is known as partitioning.

t

The operating system must be loaded before any other software during a computer's boot process.

t

The purpose of an operating system is to manage the flow of data between hardware components and allow the user to communicate with the computer.

t

When files are located on a drive without being inside any folder, they are often said to be in the root directory of that drive.

t

Which of the following storage units is the LARGEST?

terabyte

Programs that are based on _________ graphics rely on mathematics to generate and manipulate a variety of shapes.

vector

A _________ license allows companies to install the software on multiple (or all) the machines that they own.

volume

A(n) _________ on Android provides automatically-updating information without the need to open an app.

widget