CH. 1 & 2 - intro to stat / summarizing and graphing

Determine whether the value is from a discrete or continuous data set. "Number of cars owned is 7" Is the value from a discrete or continuous data​ set?

Discrete

Determine whether the given value is from a discrete or continuous data set. "When a car is randomly​ selected, it is found to have a length of 13.24 ft"

A continuous data set because there are infinitely many possible values and those values cannot be counted.

Determine whether the value given below is from a discrete or continuous data set. In an election poll, Mark received 17,492,527 votes. A. A discrete data set because there are a finite number of possible values. B. A continuous data set because there are infinitely many possible values and those values cannot be counted. C. A continuous data set because there are infinitely many possible values and those values can be counted. D. The data set is neither continuous nor discrete.

A. A discrete data set because there are a finite number of possible values.

Determine whether the given value is from a discrete or continuous data set. When a car is randomly​ selected, it is found to have enough room to seat 2 people. A. It is from a discrete data set because the number of possible values is finite or countable. B. It is from a continuous data set because the number of possible values is infinite and not countable. C. It is from a continuous data set because the number of possible values is infinite and countable. D. The data set is neither continuous nor discrete.

A. It is from a discrete data set because the number of possible values is finite or countable.

Does the frequency distribution appear to have a normal distribution using a strict interpretation of the relevant​ criteria? A. No​, the distribution does not appear to be normal. B. No, the frequencies do not decrease from the maximum frequency to a low frequency. C. Yes​, all the requirements are met.

A. No​, the distribution does not appear to be normal.

Does the histogram appear to depict data that have a normal​ distribution? A. The histogram appears to roughly approximate a normal distribution. The frequencies generally increase to a maximum and then​ decrease, and the histogram is symmetric. B. The histogram does not appear to depict a normal distribution. The frequencies generally increase and the histogram is symmetric. C. The histogram does not appear to depict a normal distribution. The frequencies generally decrease to a maximum and then​ increase, and the histogram is symmetric. D. The histogram appears to roughly approximate a normal distribution. The frequencies generally decrease to a minimum and then increase.

A. The histogram appears to roughly approximate a normal distribution. The frequencies generally increase to a maximum and then​ decrease, and the histogram is symmetric.

Determine which of the four levels of measurement​ (nominal, ordinal,​ interval, ratio) is most appropriate for the data below. "Length of the side of a square in cm" A. The ratio level of measurement is most appropriate because the data can be ordered, differences (obtained by subtraction) can be found and are meaningful, and there is a natural starting zero point. B. The interval level of measurement is most appropriate because the data can be ordered, differences (obtained by subtraction) can be found and are meaningful, and there is no natural starting point.there is no natural starting point. C. The ordinal level of measurement is most appropriate because the data can be ordered, but differences (obtained by subtraction) cannot be found or are meaningless. D. The nominal level of measurement is most appropriate because the data cannot be ordered.

A. The ratio level of measurement is most appropriate because the data can be ordered, differences (obtained by subtraction) can be found and are meaningful, and there is a natural starting zero point.

What is the​ trend? How does this trend compare to the trend for​ drive-in movie​ theaters? A. There appears to be an upward​ trend, unlike​ drive-in movie​ theaters, which have a downward trend. B. There appears to be a downward​ trend, similar to​ drive-in movie​ theaters, which also have a downward trend. C. There appears to be an upward then downward​ trend, unlike​ drive-in movie​ theaters, which only have a downward trend.

A. There appears to be an upward​ trend, unlike​ drive-in movie​ theaters, which have a downward trend.

Are there any​ outliers? A. Yes, the volume of 50 oz appears to be an outlier because it is far away from the other volumes. B. ​Yes, the volume of 70 oz appears to be an outlier because many sodas had this as their volume. C. Yes, the volumes of 0 oz and 200 oz appear to be outliers because they are far away from the other temperatures. D. No, there does not appear to be any outliers.

A. Yes, the volume of 50 oz appears to be an outlier because it is far away from the other volumes.

Use the data to construct a Pareto chart. Compare the Pareto chart to the pie chart. Which graph is more effective in showing the relative importance of the causes of​ work-related deaths? A. The pie chart is better because it more precisely breaks down the causes of​ work-related death. B. The Pareto chart is better because it more clearly draws attention to the main cause of​ work-related death. C. Neither one is effective.

B. The Pareto chart is better because it more clearly draws attention to the main cause of​ work-related death.

Choose the correct pie chart. Compare the pie chart found above to the Pareto chart given on the left. Can you determine which graph is more effective in showing the relative importance of job​ sources? A. Neither one is effective. B. The Pareto chart is more effective. C. The pie chart is more effective.

B. The Pareto chart is more effective.

A particular country has 55 total states. If the areas of all 55 states are added and the sum is divided by 55​, the result is 212,217 square kilometers. Determine whether this result is a statistic or a parameter. A. The result is a parameter because it describes some characteristic of a sample. B. The result is a parameter because it describes some characteristic of a population. C. The result is a statistic because it describes some characteristic of a population. D. The result is a statistic because it describes some characteristic of a sample.

B. The result is a parameter because it describes some characteristic of a population.

Use the frequency distribution to construct a histogram. Which part of the histogram depicts flights that arrived​ early, and which part depicts flights that arrived​ late? Construct the histogram. Choose the correct graph below.

B. The two leftmost bars depict flights that arrived​ early, and the other bars to the right depict flights that arrived late.

Which part of the histogram depicts flights that arrived​ early, and which part depicts flights that arrived​ late? A. The part of the histogram above the frequency of 10 depicts flights that arrived​ early, and the other part depicts flights that arrived late. B. The two leftmost bars depict flights that arrived​ early, and the other bars to the right depict flights that arrived late. C. The part of the histogram above the frequency of 10 depicts flights that arrived​ late, and the other part depicts flights that arrived early. D. The two leftmost bars depict flights that arrived​ late, and the other bars to the right depict flights that arrived early.

B. The two leftmost bars depict flights that arrived​ early, and the other bars to the right depict flights that arrived late.

Does the frequency distribution appear to be roughly a normal​ distribution? A. ​No, although the distribution is approximately​ symmetric, the frequencies do not start​ low, then increase to some maximum​ frequency, then decrease. B. ​No, although the frequencies start​ low, increase to some​ maximum, then​ decrease, the distribution is not symmetric. C. ​Yes, all of the requirements are met. D. No, the distribution is not symmetric and the frequencies do not start off low.

B. ​No, although the frequencies start​ low, increase to some​ maximum, then​ decrease, the distribution is not symmetric.

Do cigarette filters appear to be​ effective? A. No, because the relative frequency of the higher tar classes is greater for filtered cigarettes. B. ​Yes, because the relative frequency of the higher tar classes is greater for nonfiltered cigarettes. C. ​No, because the relative frequencies for each are not substantially different. D. This cannot be determined.

B. ​Yes, because the relative frequency of the higher tar classes is greater for nonfiltered cigarettes.

Does the histogram appear to depict data that have a normal​ distribution? A. The histogram appears to roughly approximate a normal distribution. The frequencies generally decrease to a minimum and then increase. B. The histogram does not appear to depict a normal distribution. The frequencies generally decrease to a maximum and then​ increase, and the histogram is symmetric. C. The histogram appears to roughly approximate a normal distribution. The frequencies generally increase to a maximum and then​ decrease, and the histogram is symmetric. D. The histogram does not appear to depict a normal distribution. The frequencies generally increase and the histogram is symmetric.

C. The histogram appears to roughly approximate a normal distribution. The frequencies generally increase to a maximum and then​ decrease, and the histogram is symmetric.

Use the frequency distribution to construct a histogram. Using a loose interpretation of the requirements for a normal​ distribution, does the histogram appear to depict data that have a normal​ distribution? Why or why​ not?

C. The histogram appears to roughly approximate a normal distribution. The frequencies generally increase to a maximum and then​ decrease, and the histogram is symmetric.

Does the configuration of the points appear to suggest that the volumes are from a population with a normal​ distribution? A. Yes, the population appears to have a normal distribution because the frequencies of the volume increase from left to right. B. ​No, the population does not appear to have a normal distribution because the frequencies of the volume decrease from left to right. C. ​Yes, the population appears to have a normal distribution because the dotplot resembles a​ "bell" shape. D. No, the population does not appear to have a normal distribution because the dotplot does not resemble a​ "bell" shape.

C. ​Yes, the population appears to have a normal distribution because the dotplot resembles a​ "bell" shape.

Use the given qualitative data to construct the relative frequency distribution. The 2146 people aboard a ship that sank include 445 male​ survivors, 1339 males who​ died, 261 female​ survivors, and 101 females who died.

Category | Relative Frequency Male survivors | 20.7​% Males who died | 62.4​% Female survivors | 12.2​% Females who died | 4.7​%

The histogram to the right represents the weights​ (in pounds) of members of a certain​ high-school debate team. What is the class​ width? What are the approximate lower and upper class limits of the first​ class?

Class Width? 20 The approximate lower class limit is 100. The approximate upper class limit is 119.

Identify the class​ width, class​ midpoints, and class boundaries for the given frequency distribution.

Class Width? 3 Class Midpoints? 66.45, 69.45, 72.45, 75.45, 78.45, 81.45, 84.45, 87.45, 90.45, 93.45 Class Boundaries? 64.95, 67.95, 70.95, 73.95, 76.95, 79.95, 82.95, 85.95, 88.95, 91.95, 94.95

What can be concluded from the distribution of the​ digits? Specifically, do the heights appear to be reported or actually​ measured? A. The data appears to be reported. Certain heights occur a disproportionate number of times. B. The data appears to be reported. The heights occur with roughly the same frequency. C. The data appears to be measured. Certain heights occur a disproportionate number of times. D. The data appears to be measured. The heights occur with roughly the same frequency.

D. The data appears to be measured. The heights occur with roughly the same frequency.

Does the result appear to have a normal​ distribution? Why or why​ not? A. No, because the frequencies are roughly equal across the voltage classes. B. Yes, because the frequencies are roughly equal across the voltage classes. C. No, because the frequencies are randomly distributed. D. Yes, because the frequencies start low, reach a maximum, then become low again, and are roughly symmetric about the maximum frequency. E. ​No, because the frequencies are not equal across the voltage classes.

D. Yes, because the frequencies start low, reach a maximum, then become low again, and are roughly symmetric about the maximum frequency.

Construct a scatterplot. Does there appear to be a correlation between the​ president's height and his​ opponent's height? A. Yes, there appears to be a correlation. As the​ president's height​ increases, his​ opponent's height increases. B. Yes, there appears to be a correlation. The candidate with the highest height usually wins. C. Yes, there appears to be a correlation. As the​ president's height​ increases, his​ opponent's height decreases. D. ​No, there does not appear to be a correlation because there is no general pattern to the data.

D. ​No, there does not appear to be a correlation because there is no general pattern to the data.

Does the graph depict the data​ fairly?

No, because the vertical scale does not start at zero.

Use the heights to construct a stemplot. Is there strong evidence suggesting that the data are not from a population having a normal​ distribution?

No, the distribution is not dramatically far from being a normal distribution with a​ "bell" shape, so there is not strong evidence against a normal distribution.

Does the frequency distribution appear to be roughly a normal​ distribution?

No, the distribution is not symmetric and the frequencies do not start off low.

Determine which of the four levels of measurement​ (nominal, ordinal,​ interval, ratio) is most appropriate. "Livability rankings for cities"

Ordinal

Determine which of the four levels of measurement​ (nominal, ordinal,​ interval, ratio) is most appropriate. "Monthly rainfall: 2.4 in, 2.5 in, 2.6 in, 2.7 in, and 2.8 in"

Ratio

Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter. "A sample of professors is selected and it is found that 25 % own a computer."

Statistic because the value is a numerical measurement describing a characteristic of a sample

Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter. "A homeowner measured the voltage supplied to his home on 252 days of a given year , and the average (mean) value is 137.6 volts."

The given value is a statistic for the year because the data collected represent a sample.

The graph to the right compares teaching salaries of women and men at private colleges and universities. What impression does the graph​ create?

The graph creates the impression that men have salaries that are more than twice the salaries of women.

The histogram to the right represents the weights​ (in pounds) of members of a certain​ high-school programming team. How many team members are included in the​ histogram?

The histogram represents 16 programming team members.

Determine which of the four levels of measurement​ (nominal, ordinal,​ interval, ratio) is most appropriate for the data below. "Political party"

The nominal level of measurement is most appropriate because the data cannot be ordered.

Determine which of the four levels of measurement​ (nominal, ordinal,​ interval, ratio) is most appropriate for the data below. "Types of movies (drama, comedy, adventure,documentary, etc.)"

The nominal level of measurement is most appropriate because the data cannot be ordered.

Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter. "A study was conducted of all 1458 voting adults."

The value is a parameter because it is a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population.

Based on the​ distribution, do the weights appear to be reported or actually​ measured?

The weights appear to be reported because there are disproportionately more 0s and 5s.

What can be said about the accuracy of the​ results?

They are likely not very accurate because they appear to be reported.

Identify the class​ width, class​ midpoints, and class boundaries for the given frequency distribution.

What is the class​ width? 33 What are the class​ midpoints? 41, 44, 47, 50, 53, 56, 59 What are the class​ boundaries? 39.5, 42.5, 45.5, 48.5, 51.5, 54.5, 57.5, 60.5

Construct a scatter diagram using the data table to the right. Use tar for the horizontal scale and use carbon monoxide​ (CO) for the vertical scale. Determine whether there appears to be a relationship between cigarette tar and CO.

Yes, as the amount of tar increases the amount of carbon monoxide also increases.

Use the frequency distribution to construct a histogram. Do the data appear to have a distribution that is approximately​ normal?

Yes, it is approximately normal.