Ch. 1 Intro to Pharmacology prepU
A drug has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. What study phase would occur next? a) phase IV study b) phase I study c) phase III study d) phase II study
Answer: A
One of the phases of drug development is the post-marketing surveillance phase. Which activity is carried out during this phase? a) The drug is given to clients with the disease. b) In vitro tests are performed using human cells. c) Healthy volunteers are involved in the test. d) Health care providers report adverse effects to FDA.
Answer: D
A nurse is teaching a client about the pharmacotherapeutics of the hormone replacement therapy that the client has been prescribed. What topic should the nurse address? a) the effect of the drug on the client's body b) the way that the client's body processes hormones c) the processes of absorption and elimination d) safe and effective methods for drug administration
Answer: A
A patient states, "I have been involved in Phase III clinical trial medication research for my cancer. I am not feeling any better; however, someone else in the group tells me they feel wonderful on this new drug." What is the best information the nurse can give to the patient? a) "You could be receiving a placebo." b) "It could be you have more advanced cancer." c) "I doubt the other patient is being truthful." d) "Maybe you just take longer to respond."
Answer: A
After teaching a group of students about the responsibilities of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) related to drugs, the instructor determines that the students need additional teaching when they identify what as a major responsibility? a) enforcement of control of substances with high abuse potential b) assignment of a pregnancy category for each new drug c) enforcement of standards for testing drug toxicity d) setting of standards for efficacy and safety
Answer: A
An example of an opioid analgesic prototype drug is: a) Morphine b) Demerol c) Methadone d) Vicodin
Answer: A
In determining why a medication error occurred, what is an effective strategy for nurses to implement? a) Root cause analysis b) Literature review c) Experimental study d) Double-blind study
Answer: A
Nurses' responsibilities relative to working with controlled substances include all of the following except: a) Renewing expired controlled substance prescriptions. b) Recording on agency narcotic sheets each dose given. c) Administering them only to people for whom they are prescribed. d) Reporting discrepancies to the proper authorities.
Answer: A
Once a drug is patented, what statement is true? a) The drug may not be manufactured by other companies until the patent expires. b) The drug may be marketed by other companies. c) The drug may be manufactured by other companies. d) The drug may be manufactured by other companies under a generic name.
Answer: A
What does the National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act stipulate? a) Women and minorities must be included in drug research studies. b) Animal testing must be completed prior to human drug testing. c) Animal testing is not needed prior to human drug testing. d) Men must be included in drug research studies.
Answer: A
Which phase of drug development is associated with continual evaluation of the drug? a) phase IV study b) phase III study c) phase I study d) phase II study
Answer: A
A nurse is caring for a patient for whom new medications have been ordered. Which medications fall into the High Alert Medication category? Select all that apply. a) The patient is receiving amiodarone, an antidysrhythmic. b) The patient is receiving general anesthetics for surgery. c) The patient is receiving daily aspirin therapy for cardiac prevention. d) The patient is receiving ibuprofen for knee pain. e) The patient is receiving antibiotic therapy for a streptococcal infection.
Answer: A, B
Which are true of nonprescription drugs? (Select all that apply.) a) They are referred to as over-the-counter drugs. b) They should be taken only as directed on the label. c) They have certain labeling requirements. d) They can be taken without risk to the client. e) They require a prescription to obtain.
Answer: A, B, C
A nurse reviews the pregnancy risk categories for several drugs. The nurse would identify a drug belonging to which category as being safest to administer to a pregnant woman? a) category C b) category A c) category X d) category B
Answer: B
Drugs related to the chemical or official name and independent of the manufacturer are: a) synthetic compounds. b) generic name drugs. c) prototypes. d) the standard with which newer, similar drugs are compared.
Answer: B
The Food and Drug Administration regulates the development and sale of drugs. a) False b) True
Answer: B
The nurse counsels a group of teenagers that synergistic drug reactions (such as mixing alcohol and a hypnotic drug) can be fatal because of what drug-drug interaction? a) This interaction occurs because one drug interferes with the action of another drug, and decreases the effectiveness of that drug. b) This interaction occurs when drugs interact with each other and produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate actions. c) This interaction occurs when a medication is given with a food that impairs the absorption of the drug. d) This interaction occurs when the combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone.
Answer: B
What is a major disadvantage of using over-the-counter (OTC) medications? a) There is a lack of autonomy. b) People may choose an OTC that interacts with another medication. c) Consumers resist the effort to learn more about their condition. d) Cause increased visits to the health care practitioner.
Answer: B
What are nurses responsible for? (Select all that apply.) a) recording prescribed controlled substances on medication administration records b) reporting discrepancies in the narcotic inventory to the physician c) storing controlled substances in locked containers d) maintaining an accurate inventory of narcotics e) administering controlled substances when the prescribed analgesic is not effective
Answer: B, C, D
A nurse walks into a hospital room to administer medication to a 37-year-old female patient. What steps should the nurse perform prior to handing the patient the medication? Select all that apply. a) Ask the patient why she would like to receive the medication. b) Check the patient's order for the correct dose and drug three times. c) Ask the patient to state her name. d) Make certain there is a signed consent for each medication administered. e) Check the patient's arm band while she states her name.
Answer: B, C, D,
A nurse is preparing to administer morphine. The nurse understands that this drug is categorized as which schedule of a controlled substance? a) C-V b) C-IV c) C-II d) C-III
Answer: C
A nurse on the unit is complaining about the new bar-coding used in administering medications. The nurse states that this procedure is "doing nothing but wasting time!" What is the nurse manager's best response? a) Ask the nurse to not verbalize opinions. b) Tell the nurse the bar-coding does not have to be used. c) Describe the benefit of technology and the nurse's role in decreasing errors. d) Ask other nurses to administer the medications.
Answer: C
A patient states, "I have to go through so much to get my medication to treat my cancer!" What is the nurse's best response? a) "You should discuss this with your healthcare provider." b) "I think you should write a letter to your congressman!" c) "I realize it can be frustrating, but these laws and guidelines are in place for your protection." d) "I will see if we can get the medication over the counter for you."
Answer: C
Discharge planning for clients leaving the hospital should include instructions on the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Which comment by the patient would demonstrate a good understanding of OTC drugs? a) "OTC drugs have been around for years and have not been tested by the FDA." b) "OTC drugs are different from any drugs available by prescription and cost less." c) "OTC drugs are thought to be safe when taken as directed." d) "OTC drugs are always safe and will not cause bad effects."
Answer: C
FDA approval of a drug for OTC availability includes: a) analysis of the cost of the drug to the consumer. b) analysis of the diagnoses for which the medication may be used by the consumer. c) evaluation of evidence that the consumer can use the drug safely, using information on the product label. d) studies involving the safe use of the medication by the consumer.
Answer: C
The main goal of current drug laws and standards is to ensure that drugs: a) are cost-effective. b) are available to all, regardless of cost. c) marketed for therapeutic purposes are safe and effective. d) are patented.
Answer: C
The nurse is administering a medication to a client for treatment of insomnia. Approximately 30 minutes after receiving the medication, the client complains of nervousness and inability to fall asleep. The nurse knows that the client is most likely experiencing what type of drug reaction? a) Expected side effect b) Anaphylactic shock c) Drug idiosyncrasy d) Allergic reaction
Answer: C
What behavior demonstrates that a nurse is using knowledge for safe patient care under Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) competencies when administering medications? a) The nurse takes out 100 mg of a medication to administer 50 mg to the patient. The nurse only documents what happens to 50 mg of the medication. b) The nurse recognizes that errors have happened from work arounds but does them anyway. c) The nurse keeps the computer printout of medications to refer to when pulling out medications that are due. d) The nurse pulls out medication from memory.
Answer: C
What is the manufacturer's responsibility during phase IV of a drug trial? a) Determine if the drug is too toxic for human use. b) Match clients with similar characteristics to test drug effectiveness. c) Continue to monitor the drug's effects while the drug is in general use. d) Find healthy volunteers to test for adverse effects.
Answer: C
A drug being tested is removed from testing during a phase II study. What would be the most likely reason for the drug being removed from testing? a) lack of participants for clinical trials b) likelihood of prohibitive cost c) patent violation d) unacceptable adverse effects
Answer: D
A nurse is preparing to administer medications at a facility that requires nurses to log on a computer and take out one patient's medications at a time. The nurse is feeling rushed, and instead logs in once and takes out medications for all three patients under care. What would Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) term this type of behavior? a) Professional behavior b) Safe care c) Cutting corners d) Work around
Answer: D
A nurse is teaching the client about the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Which statement best informs the client about their safe use? a) "OTC drugs were approved as prescription drugs but later were found to be safe without the need of a prescription." b) "OTC drugs are products that are available without prescription for self-treatment of minor health issues." c) "OTC drugs are considered medications and should be reported on a drug history." d) "OTC drugs need to be taken with caution; they can mask the signs and symptoms of an underlying disease and interfere with prescription drug therapy."
Answer: D
As a nurse about to administer a medication tells the patient about the ordered drug, the patient states, "I am not going to take that medication." What is the nurse's best response? a) "You need the medication and must take it." b) "If you do not take the medication, you will have to sign yourself out of the hospital." c) "You don't understand; your doctor insists you have this medication." d) "I am going to document that you refused the medication."
Answer: D
Drugs are classified according to: a) The manufacturer of the drug, as well as their impact on therapy regimens. b) Their chemical components and potential for abuse. c) The effectiveness of the drug and the process of distribution. d) Their effects on particular body systems, therapeutic uses, and chemical characteristics and potential for abuse.
Answer: D
During which stage of drug development is the drug tested on laboratory animals? a) phase I study b) phase II study c) phase III study d) preclinical trial
Answer: D
For which patient will the nurse need to consult the Beers Criteria prior to administering medications? a) A toddler who has just been prescribed an antibiotic for an infection b) A newborn who has just been prescribed a medication for reflux c) A teenage patient newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus d) An elderly patient who has been prescribed new medications for pain control
Answer: D
Generic drugs are required to be: a) designated and patented exclusively by the manufacturer. b) categorized according to overall usefulness and potential for abuse. c) free from patent protection. d) bioequivalent and less expensive than trade-name drugs.
Answer: D
How may drugs be prescribed and dispensed? a) by generic name only b) by prescription c) by trade name only d) by generic or trade name
Answer: D
Since 1962, newly developed drugs have been extensively tested before being marketed for general use. What do drug companies do to test drugs initially? a) Test the drugs in a controlled laboratory experiment. b) Test the drugs on volunteers. c) Test the drugs with humans. d) Test the drugs with animals.
Answer: D
The care provider has prescribed intravenous hydromorphone, an opioid, for a client using client-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump. The nurse is aware that this drug has a high abuse potential. Under what category would hydromorphone be classified? a) schedule III b) schedule I c) schedule IV d) schedule II
Answer: D
The law requiring that official drugs must meet standards of purity and strength as determined by chemical analysis or by animal response to specified doses is known as the: a) Durham-Humphrey Amendment. b) Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act. c) Food and Drug Administration laws. d) Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938.
Answer: D
The nurse is aware that a client at what stage of pregnancy is at most risk for teratogenic effects from a drug? a) 16 weeks b) 36 weeks c) 24 weeks d) 8 weeks
Answer: D
Which agency is responsible for the enforcement of controlled substances? a) U.S. Department of Justice b) Department of Health and Human Services c) Food and Drug Administration d) Drug Enforcement Agency
Answer: D
While reviewing a package insert for a drug, what would the nurse identify as the drug's generic name? a) Levothroid b) Synthroid c) L-thyroxine d) Levothyroxine sodium
Answer: D