Ch. 1 Multiple Choice

How is paleoanthropology unique among evolutionary studies?​

It takes a biocultural approach.

Which of the following federal acts provides for the protection and return of Native American cultural items or human remains?​

Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990

What difference did Margaret Lock find between Japanese and North American perceptions of death?​

North Americans are more comfortable harvesting organs from those declared brain dead than Japanese.

Which of the following statement about sites is not correct?​

Sites are found through scientific investigation and not accidental discovery.

Which of the following is not a primary perspective of anthropology?​

an ethnocentric perspective

Individuals within all four subfields of anthropology practice:​

applied anthropology

No physical remains dating earlier than_____ million years ago are found with associated cultural remains.​

2.6

Genetic analyses indicate that the first human ancestors likely originated:​

5 to 8 million years ago

Linguists estimate today that there are approximately how many human languages?​

6,000

What is the name of the organization that oversees a code of ethics for anthropological research?​

American Anthropological Association

Culture is considered anthropology's most distinguishing feature for all of the following reasons except:​

Anthropologists use the concept of culture to establish an understanding of those groups in a society that practice culture and those that do not.

The study of mummified skeletal remains to provide evidence of early surgery is an example of:​

bioarchaeology

The anthropological code of ethics was devised in response to issues that arose during the:​

colonial era

Which of the following best describes ethnology?​

cross-cultural comparative research

Which form of dating involves the comparison of tree ring growth?​

dendrochronology

All of the following are archaeological and paleoanthropological methods except:​

doing oral life histories

If ethnographic researchers share stories with informants to exemplify the type of data they would like to collect, it is the use of a/an:​

eliciting device

The detailed description of a particular culture primarily based on fieldwork is called:​

ethnography

All of the following are characteristics of the study of biological anthropology except:​

ethnology

A hearth would best be classified by an archaeologist as a(n):​

feature

On-location research is also known as:​

fieldwork

Which of the following is not a common practice within applied anthropology?​

focus on issues primarily of theoretical value

Shallow, restricted concentrations of charcoal commonly indicate:​

food processing sites

The identification of human skeletal remains is the primary focus of:​

forensic anthropology

The preserved remains of plants and animals that have lived in the past are called:​

fossils

One of the key causes of ethnic and religious conflict is:​

globalization

The worldwide interconnectedness evident in the movement of resources, people, and disease is known as:​

globalization

The datum point is established in relation to the:​

grid system

The core feature of the anthropological code of ethics is that above all anthropologists must not:​

harm the safety or dignity of the people with whom they work

Franz Boas found that one of the major physical differences between first-generation immigrants to the United States and their children was in the area of:​

height

The enlargement of the right heart ventricle among Quechua Indians is a developmental adaptation to:​

high altitude

Anthropologists recognize that they have special obligations to all of the following except:​

host governments where they work

Paleoanthropology can best be described as the study of:​

human evolution

The holistic anthropological perspective is expansive and inclusive because it seeks to understand:

human nature

Clyde Snow is a well-known forensic anthropologist associated internationally with cases of:​

human rights abuses

What are the basic ingredients of science according to the authors?​

imagination and skepticism

Anthropologists commonly study the basis of healthy human growth among living populations through all of the following except:​

linguistics

Fossils are most frequently found encased within a:​

matrix

Anthropological studies help us trace human connectedness; for example, in exploitative eastern Congolese mines they extract coltan, which we use every day in our:​

mobile phones

One aspect that makes anthropology unique among social sciences is its traditional focus on:​

non-Western peoples and cultures

Short-term biological changes in response to particular environmental stimuli are referred to as:​

physiological adaptations

If you cannot determine the exact age of an artifact, but you know by its composition that it is older than a known date, the dating technique used is called:​

relative dating

Which of the following is a relative date?​

seriation

The areas in which archaeologists work are known as:​

sites

Which of the following is not usually studied by primatologists?​

socioeconomic status

Scientists use the comparative method for the ultimate goal, which is to create:​

theories

An explanation supported by a reliable body of data is called a:

theory

The term prehistory refers to a period in which:​

there was no written record

Forensic anthropologist Karen Burns investigated alleged atrocities in northern Iraq following the 1991 Gulf War. She established that one individual was murdered (and not buried by his family) simply through evidence of:​

two polyester threads attached to his legs

Anthropologists work to establish the reliability of the research conclusions. This is known as:

validity

Regarding the Original Study, "Whispers from the Ice," which of the following statements best represents the type of work that occurred in Ukkuqsi, near Barrow, Alaska?​

​Archaeologists worked with the nearby village elders to better understand what they were excavating.

Which of the following statements about informed consent is not true?​

​Informed consent means that every informant must be named openly.

What does it mean to say that "Anthropology is an empirical science"?​

​It is based on sensory observations.

What is the primary advantage of using a comparative approach in anthropology?​

​It provides a broader basis for drawing general conclusions about humans.

What is the most significant scientific contribution of Elizabeth Guillette's research on pesticide use among the Yaqui?​

​It suggests that pesticide use among agricultural communities may cause health problems worldwide.

Which of the following best describes why ethnographers frequently utilize key consultants?​

​Key consultants spend time with ethnographers and provide explanations.

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding language today?​

​Nearly half of the world's remaining languages will become extinct over the next hundred years.

Which perspectives best guard against culture-bound theories?​

​a cross-cultural and evolutionary perspective

All of the following are approaches that linguistic anthropologists may take except:​

​analyzing which languages are superior

Archaeologists are especially interested in features known as middens because they provide information on:​

​ancient trash that would include artifacts that people used and consumed

The Garbage Project is an example of:​

​applied anthropology

Anthropologist Nancy Scheper-Hughes founded the group Organs Watch as a way to solve the global problem of human organ trafficking. This is an example of:​

​applied cultural anthropology

Which of the following cases best illustrates the practice of ethnology?​

​comparing weddings in France with those in the United States

All of the following are important focal aspects of study in the Garbage Project except:​

​enforcing measures to decrease consumption levels in the United States

Molecular anthropology is the anthropological study of:​

​genes and genetic relationships

Archaeology is the study of:​

​human material remains and environmental data

Participant observation:​

​is a research method that involves the anthropologist both observing and participating in another culture

Which of the following is the most objective source of information for an archaeological site?​

​objective information varies by site

"Tell me about the role of family in your life" is an example of which type of interview question?​

​open-ended question

Another name for cultural anthropology is:​

​sociocultural anthropology

What most distinguishes anthropology from other sciences is:​

​the diversity of ways in which scientific research is conducted

Which of the following best describes the Human Relations Area Files (HRAF)?​

a cross-cultural database

The relationships between a forensic anthropologist and a forensic archaeologist can be likened to that between:​

a forensic pathologist and a crime scene investigator

Which of the following characteristics uniquely defines the anthropological approach?

a holistic perspective

In the "Original Study," what did the scientists find at Ukkuqsi?​

a small girl buried in her toboggan and under part of the covering of a kayak