Ch 10 nutrition

An electrical charge or membrane potential exists across nerve cell membranes because: a. the membrane is permeable to sodium ions. b. the membrane is impermeable to all ions. c. water can flow freely across the membrane. d. no answer is correct. e. the cell membrane allows more positively charged ions to leak out than to leak in.

the cell membrane allows more positively charged ions to leak out than to leak in.

The hormone that increases sodium reabsorption by the kidneys is: a. aldosterone. b. renin. c. adrenaline. d. angiotensin. e. no answer is correct.

. aldosterone.

Which of the following acts to increase blood pressure? a. No answer is correct b. Estrogen c. Calcitonin d. Parathyroid hormone e. Angiotensin II

Angiotensin II

Which hormone signals the kidneys to reabsorb water back into the bloodstream? a. No answer is correct b. Antidiuretic hormone c. Calcitonin d. Adrenal hormone e. Angiotensinogen

Antidiuretic hormone

Which is LEAST likely to be implicated as a contributor to hypertension? a. Stress b. Heavy alcohol consumption c. Excess sodium intake from processed foods d. High levels of carbonated beverage consumption e. Lack of physical activity

High levels of carbonated beverage consumption

What is true about dehydration? a. It stimulates the removal of waste products. b. No answer is correct. c. It can impair physical and cognitive performance. d. It is recommended for reducing body weight. e. A loss of 1percent body weight as water can cause nausea.

It can impair physical and cognitive performance.

smosis requires all of the following EXCEPT: Select one: a. water. b. no answer is correct. c. a selectively permeable membrane. d. dissolved solutes. e. glucose.

e. glucose.

All of the following occur when the concentration of sodium in the blood rises EXCEPT: Select one: a. blood pressure rises. b. no answer is correct. c. water moves into the blood. d. blood volume rises. e. renin is released.

e. renin is released.

Salt is added to processed food for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: a. to enhance flavor. b. as a preservative. c. no answer is correct. d. to inhibit the growth of bacteria. e. to balance potassium content.

e. to balance potassium content.

The best source of potassium per calorie comes from: a. low-fat dairy. b. lean protein. c. whole grains. d. cottage cheese e. fruits and vegetables.

fruits and vegetables

A reaction that breaks large molecules into smaller ones by the addition of water is called a: catalysis reaction. b. condensation reaction. c. hydrolysis reaction. d. exchange reaction. e. no answer is correct.

hydrolysis

Water is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract by: a. osmosis. b. endocytosis. c. active transport. d. Brownian motion. e. no answer is correct.

osmosis

What factor affects the amount of water in different body compartments? a. Dietary protein b. Muscle contraction c. Osmotic balance d. No answer is correct e. Nerve conduction

osmosis

The DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) diet is best characterized by: a. high intake of fruits and vegetables, but no dairy foods. b. abundant whole and refined grains and high-protein foods, but low in dairy. c. plenty of fruits, vegetables and whole grains, with lean protein and low-fat dairy foods. d. no answer is correct. e. plenty of high-protein and dairy foods.

plenty of fruits, vegetables and whole grains, with lean protein and low-fat dairy foods.

The risk of hypertension is lowest for which of the following groups? a. Obese individuals b. Diabetics c. African Americans d. Non-hispanic whites e. Elderly people

whites

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding maintenance of electrolyte concentrations across cell membranes? a. Depolarization of cell membranes is necessary. b. The sodium potassium ATPase is a key player. c. no answer is correct. d. The process involves an active transport system. e. The input of large amounts of energy is required.

Depolarization of cell membranes is necessary.

How does the DASH diet affect blood pressure? a. Dietary fiber increases blood pressure. b. Fruits and vegetables decrease blood pressure. c. Low-fat dairy products increase blood pressure. d. Animal protein decreases blood pressure. e. No answer is correct.

Fruits and vegetables decrease blood pressure.

Which of the following statements about intestinal absorption of sodium, chloride and potassium from the diet is true? a. They are readily absorbed. b. Minor changes in intake from day to day can upset normal homeostasis. c. None of these statements is ture. d. Absorption is regulated according to body needs. e. Sodium absorption is tightly regulated, while chloride and potassium absorption is largely unregulated.

a. They are readily absorbed.

Diets high in sodium have been linked to _____________ in some people. Select one: a. hypertension b. diabetes c. cancer d. all of these e. none of these

a. hypertension

The shrinking of a strawberry from water loss after being sprinkled with sugar is an example of: Select one: a. osmosis. b. alkalosis. c. diffusion. d. condensation. e. no answer is correct.

a. osmosis.

High blood pressure results in all of the following EXCEPT: a. an increased risk of stroke. b. the heart working harder. c. weakening of and damage to artery walls. d. an increased diabetes risk. e. an increased risk of kidney disease.

an increased diabetes risk.

A water loss of _______ of body weight can impair physical and cognitive performance. Select one: a. 5-7 percent b. 1-2 percent c. 20 percent d. no answer is correct e. 10 percent

b. 1-2 percent

Sodium, chloride, and potassium in cells and body fluids are examples of: Select one: a. solvents. b. electrolytes. c. condensates. d. no answer is correct. e. phytates.

b. electrolytes.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the role of water in regulating body temperature? Select one: a. When fevers occur, blood flows close to the body' surface where it can release some heat into environment. b. Low body temperature causes restricted blood flow to the skin to conserve body heat. c. High body temperature increases blood flow to the kidneys increasing urine production, thus dissipating excess heat. d. When body temperature rises, sweat is produced; this evaporates to cool the body. e. Water changes temperature slowly, helping to maintain body temperature.

c. High body temperature increases blood flow to the kidneys increasing urine production, thus dissipating excess heat.

The human diet has: Select one: a. historically been higher in both sodium and potassium than at present. b. always been high in salt. c. historically been higher in potassium and lower in sodium than at present. d. historically been lower in both sodium and potassium than at present. e. no answer is correct.

c. historically been higher in potassium and lower in sodium than at present.

In most people, hypertension results from: Select one: a. kidney disease. b. diabetes. c. no obvious external cause. d. atherosclerosis. e. no answer is correct.

c. no obvious external cause.

Kevin lost 3 pounds during his workout. He should consume a minimum of ________ liters of liquid to replace lost fluid. Select one: a. 2 b. 0.5 c. 1 d. 1.5 e. no answer is correct

d. 1.5

The UL for sodium intake is _______ mg per day. Select one: a. One has not been established. b. 1000 c. 1850 d. 2300 e. No answer is correct.

d. 2300

Of the following, the tissue with the lowest water content is: Select one: a. blood. b. lean body tissue. c. bone. d. fat. e. muscle.

d. fat.

Water is polar because: Select one: a. no answer is correct. b. the electrons spend more time around the H atoms than the O atom. c. the electrons are equally shared among the O and H atoms. d. the electrons spend more time around the O atom than the H atoms. e. it is an ion.

d. the electrons spend more time around the O atom than the H atoms.

When table salt is dissolved in water, the sodium and chloride ions: When table salt is dissolved in water, the sodium and chloride ions: Select one: a. associate. b. no answer is correct. c. form an ionic bond. d. form a covalent bond. e. dissociate.

dissociate.

All of the following are ways to reduce sodium intake in your diet EXCEPT: Select one: a. choosing a side of baked potatoes rather than French fries. b. replacing processed foods with unprocessed foods. c. choosing roasted turkey rather than bologna. d. preparing your meals at home. e. choosing canned vegetables rather than frozen vegetables.

e. choosing canned vegetables rather than frozen vegetables.

The normal pH of the body fluids of 7.4 is considered:a. slightly acidic. b. no answer is correct. c. very acidic. d. very basic. e. slightly basic.

slightly basic

Good sources of potassium include all of the following EXCEPT: a. tomatoes. b. potatoes. c. bananas. d. oranges. e. snack crackers.

snack crackers.

What is a consequence of hypertension? a. Weight gain b. Diabetes c. No answer is correct d. Stroke e. Obesity

stroke