Ch 10 VOCAB ONLY (Soc Psy)

self-awareness

Ability to understand our own moods and emotions, and understand their impact on our work and others

familiarity

An important factor in attachment, a general sense that a certain stimulus has been encountered before.

self-perception

Bem's ________ posits that we develop self-concept by observing our own behavior similar to how we observe others' behavior and inferring what we think or how we feel based on such observations.

pro-social behavior

Helping behavior; actions intended to benefit others

egoistic variable

Helping is motivated by desire to increase one's own welfare

empathic concern

Identifying with another person—feeling and understanding what that person is experiencing—accompanied by the altruistic motive to reduce the other person distress; example-At the time, I was just concerned about the man's life. IO wasn't thinking about being a hero; player from another team carried them across the home plates to touch the bases and make her official 1st home run.

Evolutionists view

If a specific social behavior enhances reproductive success, it is more likely to be passed on to subsequent generations. Survival of the individuals genes.

norm of social responsibility

a moral standard emphasizing that people should help those who need assistance

kinship selection

an indirect route to genetic survival, the tendency to help genetic relative is called:

attractiveness and helping

are more likely to be offered help and cooperation across a number of different settings, whether it be asking for directions on campus, playing a game that could be either competitive

norm of equity norm of justice

fairness in our treatment of others; prescribes that when people are in a situation in which they feel over benefited, they should help those who are UNDERbenefited; such help restores an equitable balance

Costs of helping

helping others in the face of potentially enormous costs many people were killed while helping g others

reciprocal altruism

helping someone increases the chance you will be helped in return

ego-relevant task (p.387) (giving)

if helping someone do something we wish we could do at least as good, would we help? threatening to the helper's ego; prefer a stranger steal the spotlight than a friend whose success well be reminded of all too often

good mood effects

is the effect whereby a good mood increases helping behavior

altruism

motivated by the desire to improve anothers welfare

negative emotions

often promote helping; feeling guilt causes 80% who unintentionally harmed one individual were more helpful to the next person

stimulus overload (Stanley Miligram)

people in big cities and noisy environments may become so used to seeing people lying on sidewalks or hearing screams that they began to tune them out, becoming susceptible

norm of reciprocity

people who give to you should be paid back;many people reciprocate help even when that reciprocation will be unacknowledged; example-a confederate gave a bottle of water to some and not others,then later asked people to fill out a survey. those given the water were more likely to bring it back knowing he would be there to collect the survey versus those that did not receive water and were not told he would be there to collect the survey

threat to self-esteem (receiving)

reactions to receiving assistance being perceived as help or threat. Want to prove themselves

modeling

seeing important people in their lives behave pro socially or antisocially encourages people to follow suit

perspective taking

seeing the world from another point of view. feeling sympathy and compassion. more likely to help the other person despite the chance to get out of it and despite the cost associated with giving the help.; altruistic motives triggered by empathic concern could be satisfied ONLY through actually HELPING the other person.

similarity and helping

some examples of acting altruistically may be because have very similar personality traits and similarities

diffusion of responsibility

the belief that others will or should take the responsibility for providing assistance to a person in need

empathy-altruism (Batson)

taking the perspective of a person in need creates feelings of empathic concern, which produce the altruistic motive to reduce the other persons distress. When ppl do not take the other persons perspective they are experience feeling of personal distress, which produce the egoistic motive to reduce their own discomfort.

personal distress

the arousal: cost-reward model of helping stipulates that both emotional and cognitive factors determine whether bystanders to an emergency will intervene; emotionally bystanders experience the shock an alarm of ____ ______ this unpleasant state of arousal motivates them to do something to reduce it.

bystander effect

the more bystanders there are, the less likely the victim will be helped, whereby the presence of others inhibits helping

cost-reward model

the proposition that people react to emergency situations by acting in the most cost-effective way to reduce the arousal of shock and alarm

belief in a just world

when people are more motivated by concerns about justice or fairness, however, their intentions to help someone will be driven more their belief that this person deserves their assistance than by their belief that he or she simply needs it

time pressure

when we are in a hurry or have a lot on our minds, we may be so pre-occupied that we fail to notice others who need help because costs of helping are too high due to precious time that will be lost