Ch. 10.2 Medieval Kingdoms in Europe

What were the rights and responsibilities of lords?

Had political authority on their lands and the duty of protecting the serfs.

Fief

land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service

What change in crop rotation increased farm yields?

When rotating the crops that have been there with other plants keeps the ground fertile.

Vikings

Scandinavian peoples whose sailors raided Europe from the 700s through the 1100s

Enable

to make possible

Feudalism

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

What benefits did guilds offer craftspeople?

Directing almost every aspect of production process, set standards for the quality of articles produced and even had fixed the price at which the finished goods could be sold.

Where were Europe's main medieval trading centers?

Italian cities, Venice and Flanders

Who owned the land that serfs farmed?

Lord owned the land, or manor which was an agriculture estates that a lord ran and peasants worked in.

How did the increased trade give rise to commercial capitalism?

The practices being made as currency started to develop.

Feudal Contract

The unwritten rules that determined the relationship between a lord and his vassal

How did the use of iron affect medieval farming?

The use of iron made farming grow, caruca was the first tool made out of iron, helping farming expand. It also increased food production and made farming more efficient

When did townspeople gain new rights and why?

Towns people gained new right in 1100. Towns people needed freedom for trade. They wanted their own unique laws and willing to pay for it

Knights

Under feudalism, a member of the heavily armored cavalry.

Contract

a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law

Chivalry

in the Middle Ages, the ideal of civilized behavior that developed among nobility; it was a code of ethics that knights were supposed to uphold.

Vassals

under feudalism, a man who served a lord in a military capacity