Ch 11

Peak bone mass in women is typically achieved in: A. early childhood. B. infancy. C. early adulthood. D. the menopausal period.

C

Postmenopausal bone loss is primarily associated with decreased levels of the hormone: A. secretin. B. progesterone. C. estrogen. D. aldosterone.

C

Significant loss of bone mass and increased risk of fractures associated with aging is termed: A. osteopenia. B. osteopropensia. C. osteoporosis. D. osteomalacia.

C

After 35 to 45 years of age: A. bone breakdown exceeds bone formation. B. bone formation is equal to bone breakdown. C. bone formation exceeds bone breakdown. D. the skeleton is typically weak and fractures easily

A

Which is the FALSE statement about absorption of calcium? A. Calcium absorption decreases during pregnancy. B. Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption. C. Lactose enhances the rate of calcium absorption. D. Calcium supplements may interfere with absorption of copper and iron.

A

Which is the correct relationship between smoking and drinking and osteoporosis risk? A. Smoking and drinking both increase risk. B. Smoking decreases risk while drinking increases it. C. Smoking and drinking both decrease risk. D. Smoking increases risk while drinking decreases it.

A

Which statement concerning magnesium deficiency is FALSE? A. Deficiency is common in the general population. B. Symptoms include changes in heartbeat and blood pressure. C. It can be caused by diuretics. D. All of these statements are false.

A

hich of the following compounds has NOT been found to interfere with mineral absorption? A. Ascorbic acid B. Oxalates C. Phytates D. Tannins

A

Good sources of magnesium include all of the following EXCEPT: A. leafy green vegetables. B. nuts. C. processed foods. D. whole grains.

C

Most of the magnesium in the body is in: A. extracellular fluid. B. bones. C. intracellular fluid. D. the blood.

B

Phosphorus is essential for energy production since it is part of: A. FADH2. B. ATP. C. DNA. D. NADH.

B

The most abundant mineral in the body is: A. sodium. B. calcium. C. magnesium. D. potassium.

B

All of the following decrease the risk of osteoporosis EXCEPT: A. weight bearing exercise. B. increased muscle mass. C. low body weight. D. high body weight and fat.

C

Which statement describes the relationship of bone calcium to blood calcium? A. If dietary calcium is low, blood calcium is sacrificed to maintain bone calcium. B. Blood levels of calcium are a good indicator of the calcium status of bone. C. If dietary calcium is low, bone calcium is sacrificed to maintain blood calcium. D. If dietary calcium is low, both blood and bone levels will decline.

C

The following minerals all compete with each other for absorption EXCEPT: A. copper. B. zinc. C. calcium. D. sodium.

D

The matrix of bones is: A. a protein framework. B. made up primarily of collagen. C. imbedded with hydroxyapatite. D. All of these are correct.

D

The recommended intake of calcium for adults is __________ mgs/day. A. 800-1000 B. 1300-1500 C. 500-700 D. 1000-1200

D

Which group could benefit from calcium supplements if needs are not met by diet? A. Young people who have not yet achieved peak bone mass. B. Individuals with decreased bone density. C. Post-menopausal women. D. All these groups could benefit.

D

Which of the following is NOT a typical reason why women are at increased risk of osteoporosis? A. Calcium absorption declines for a few years post-menopause. B. Women achieve a lower peak bone mass than men. C. Bone breakdown accelerates after menopause. D. The hormonal changes that accompany menopause affect appetite for calcium-containing foods.

D

Which of the following is NOT likely to result from prolonged low calcium intake? A. Fractures in the elderly B. A lower peak bone mass in young adult females C. Development of osteomalacia D. Problems with cell signaling and regulation

D