Ch 11- The Atomic Nature of Matter

What is the most abundant element in the known universe? a. Helium b. Hydrogen c. Carbon d. Iron

b, hydrogen

Compare the age of the atoms in your body with the age of the atoms that were part of the dinosaurs. a. Humans atoms are older b. They are the same atoms c. Both are ageless d. Dinosaurs atoms are older

c, Both are ageless

How do matter and antimatter differ? a. Matter gravitationally attracts matter and repels antimatter b. Antimatter has negative weight c. When matter and antimatter meet, they annihilate in a flash of energy d. Matter emits light, whereas antimatter absorbs it.

c, When matter and antimatter meet, they annihilate in a flash of energy

How does a molecule differ from an atom? Give an example. a. A molecule is made when two or more nuclei fuse together b. A molecule is a mixture of atoms: NaCl c. A molecule is made only when two or more of the same elements bond together: H2 d. A molecule is composed of two or more atoms bonded together: H2O.

d, A molecule is composed of two or more atoms bonded together: H2O.

What is the meaning of the term nucleon? a. an electron b. a quark c. antimatter d. a proton or neutron

d, a proton or neutron

Why can atoms be seen with an electron beam? a. the electrons in the beam are removed by interacting with antimatter in the atom b. the electrons in the beam bounce elastically off the electrons in an atom c. the electrons in the beam are absorbed by the nucleus of the atom d. the wavelength of the electrons is smaller than an atom

d, the wavelength of the electrons is smaller than an atom

What is the number of orbiting electrons in cobalt-59 and cobalt-60 when the isotopes are electrically neutral?

27,27

What is the number of protons in cobalt-59 and cobalt-60?

27,27

What is the number of neutrons in cobalt-59 and cobalt-60?

32,33

What are the five most common elements in humans? a. C,H,O,N, and Ca b. H,He,C,O, and N c. H2O,O2,Ca,N2, and C d. C,H,O,N, and Fe

a, C,H,O,N, and Ca

As the text cites, atoms are incredibly tiny, numerous, perpetually moving, and what else? a. Migratory b. Ageless c. Mainly in the air d. New in science

b, Ageless

How many periods are in the periodic table? How many groups? a. 7 periods and 16 groups b. 5 periods and 18 groups c. 7 periods and 18 groups d. 5 periods and 16 groups

c, 7 periods and 18 groups

What is a mixture? Cite two examples. a. Atoms pressed together without bonding: H2O and H2 b. The same types of atoms bonded together: H2 and N2 c. Atoms pressed together without bonding: air and salt and sand d. Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H2O

c, Atoms pressed together without bonding: air and salt and sand

What is the evidence that dark matter exists? a. when dark matter clouds collide, they emit light b. when dark matter falls into the black hole, it emits light c. gravitational forces within galaxies are too great to be accounted for with ordinary matter d. dark matter blocks distant light and can be seen as dark clouds in space

c, gravitational forces within galaxies are too great to be accounted for with ordinary matter

Rank the numbers of shells in these noble-gas atoms from most to least: a. Argon b. Radon c. Helium d. Neon

Radon, Argon, Neon, Helium

What is a compound? Cite two examples. a. Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H2O b. The same types of atoms bonded together: H2 and N2 c. Atoms pressed together without bonding: air and salt and sand d. Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H2

a, Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H2O

An important feature of atoms is that they __________. a. have wave properties b. make up electric beams c. can barely be seen with the naked eye d. are actually tiny solar systems

a, have wave properties

Do we see atoms directly or only indirectly with a scanning electron microscope? a. only indirectly b. only directly c. directly and indirectly d. A scanning electron microscope doesn't allow us to see atoms.

a, only indirectly

Dark matter is considered to be ___________. a. plentiful in the universe b. at the center of all atomic nuclei c. a form of dark energy d. a local phenomenon

a, plentiful in the universe

Distinguish between mass number and atomic mass. a. Mass number is the number of neutrons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom b. Mass number is the number of nucleons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom c. Mass number is the number of protons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom d. Mass number is the number of electrons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom

b, Mass number is the number of nucleons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom

Why can atoms not be seen with a powerful optical microscope? a. atoms are transparent and do not interact with light b. atoms are so much smaller than a wavelength of light c. atoms are crystal clear and light passes right through them d. all of the above

b, atoms are so much smaller than a wavelength of light

Which of the following is an element? a. a supernova b. hydrogen c. H20 d. Carbon dioxide

b, hydrogen

The charge in the nucleus of an antimatter hydrogen atoms is __________. a. exotically different than positives and negatives b. negative c. neutral, no charge d. positive

b, negative

What occurs when a proton and an antiproton meet? a. they gravitationally repel each other b. they annihilate each other c. they do not interact in any way d. they electrically repel each other

b, they annihilate each other

The periodic table of the elements is a list of __________. a. isotopes b. ions c. atoms d. molecules

c, atoms