Ch 12

Which theory would be most helpful for explaining why people are motivated to watch horror movies?

arousal theory

When asked what is most necessary for a happy and meaningful life, most people first mention the importance of satisfying their _______ needs.

belongingness

Dr. Milosz electrically stimulates the lateral hypothalamus of a well-fed lab rat. This will likely:

cause the rat to begin eating

Over the past 50 years, American women have expressed _______ satisfaction with their physical appearance and have experienced a(n) ________ incidence of serious eating disorders.

decreasing; increasing

An aroused or activated stat that is often triggered by physiological need is called a.

drive

Mice are most likely to eat less when they experience ________ levels of _________.

elevated; leptin

In most mammals, female sexual receptivity is greatest when:

estrogen levels are highest

The most basic or lowest-level need in Maslow's hierarchy of human motives includes the need for:

food and drink.

Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to suggest that almost all humans are genetically predisposed to:

form close enduring friendships with fellow humans

Effective managers often demonstrate ____________ levels of task leadership and __________ levels of social leadership.

high;high

Research on physiological basis of hunger has indicated that:

hunger continues in humans whose cancerous stomachs has been removed

Simon LeVay discovered that a cluster of neural cells located in the _____ was ______ in homosexual men than in heterosexual men.

hypothalamus; smaller

Positive and negative environmental stimuli that motivate behavior are called:

incentives

The level of serotonin in the brain is ______________ by a diet high in ___________.

increased; carbohydrates

Increases in insulin increase hunger indirectly by:

increasing PYY levels

Rigid patterns of behavior characteristic of a species and developed without practice are called:

instincts.

Increases in _____ increase hunger; whereas increases in _____ decrease hunger.

insulin; blood glucose

The secretion of ghrelin ____________ appetite, and the secretion of PYY ___________ appetite.

stimulates; suppresses

Homeostasis refers to:

the body's tendency to maintain a constant internal state.

Participative management is to ______________ as directive management is to ___________.

Theory Y; Theory X

Motivation is defined by psychologists as:

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal.

The drive-reduction theory of motivation is more applicable to hunger than to sex because, unlike hunger, sexual desire is not a direct response to:

a physiological need

A need refers to:

a physiological state that usually triggers motivational arousal.

Jeff, who is 14, engages in rigorous tennis drills or competitive play at least four hours every day because he wants to master the sport and play on one of the best college teams in the country. His goal and behavior best illustrate the concept of:

achievement motivation

Anorexia nervosa is typically characterized by:

an obsessive fear of becoming obese

Anorexia patients are most likely to have parents who:

are high achieving and protective

Which of the following is clearly not an example of an incentive?

lack of bodily fluids

When a rat's blood sugar level decreases, the ________ hypothalamus releases the hunger-triggering hormone ________.

lateral; orexin

The set point is:

the specific body weight maintained automatically by most adults over long periods of time

Instinctive behavior is:

unlearned