ch. 12 and 14

In Hans Selye's rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of ___.

adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

after wondering for months if he was going to lose his job, Nicolao beings to develop stomach ulcers.

Which dimension of the Type A behavior pattern is most predictive of heart disease?

anger/hostility

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion?

anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion?

anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

Alma has a serious disease in which the airways of her respiratory system become obstructed, leading to great difficulty expelling air from the lungs. Which disease does Alma have?

asthma

Why are girls more likely than boys to be victims of cyberbullying?

because it is a less direct and nonphysical form of bullying

________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.

biofeedback

Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ___.

body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it

which of the following is an example of eustress?

buying a new home

Heather considers taking a new job. She focuses on the increased opportunities for promotion and the higher salary rather than her increased responsibilities; therefore, she views the new position as a ________ rather than a ________.

challenge; threat

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ___ stressor.

chronic

Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ___ impact.

cognitive

Rhona and Jerome share each other's thoughts and feelings and are prepared to support each other, but they do not feel any real passion toward each other. They have a relationship based on ________ love.

companionate

In Stanley Milgram's obedience research, the person playing the part of the "learner" was an accomplice, or ________, of the experiment. He was aware of the true purpose of the research, was never shocked, and was acting according to Milgram's instructions.

confederate

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect.

conformity

Ashley and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other, and agree to support each other. Their love is called ________.

consummate

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

coping

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________.

diffusion of responsibility

Anna is a school counselor. She hates going to work and wants to lock the door and cry whenever a student comes to her for help. She just doesn't feel like she has anything left to give. What dimension of job burnout does this exemplify?

dimension 1 - exhaustion

Doug is an emergency room nurse in a large, underfunded, public hospital. Lately, he finds himself assuming that the patients he sees are just trying to get free drugs to feed an addiction. Just yesterday a little boy was brought in with a broken arm, and Doug found that he was completely indifferent to the boys pain. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?

dimension 2 - depersonalization

_________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as individual traits or temperaments.

dispositionism

___ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.

distress

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________.

emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

When Jacob came home from work upset about a disagreement he'd had with his boss, his wife Jodi sat down to listen to him. She imagined the argument that had occurred and tried to understand how her husband was feeling. Jodi is demonstrating a high level of ________.

empathy

___ is/are the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

eustress

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.

fight-or-flight

________ is having an experience that is so engaging and engrossing that it becomes worth doing for its own sake. During this state a person might say that they feel that they lose themselves in the activity.

flow

Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

foot-in-the-door technique

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ___.

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion?

getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether

Which statement about groupthink is correct?

group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus

___________ is the following of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group.

group polarization

A flat tire in the morning, realizing that you forgot to get your homework done, and getting into an argument with a buddy are all examples of ___.

hassles

Orlando shares with a friend that he does not like people who are homosexual, and that he goes out of his way at work to avoid helping customers who he suspects are gay. His friend says to him, "man, that isn't a cool way to be. You do realize that you're expressing a form of prejudice called ________, don't you?"

homophobia

The process by which one's physiological defense system becomes less efficient at fighting illness is called ___ and this process is enhanced by elevated stress levels.

immunosuppression

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias.

in-group

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study?

individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person

Which option is the greatest risk factor for the development of burnout?

job strain

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve.

just-world

Angela transfers to a new high school for gifted children and has trouble making friends. She expected this and plans to change it by joining more after school clubs and sitting next to different people at lunch. She believes she has effective options for dealing with the stressor of having no friends; therefore, she experiences ___.

less stress than someone who has no effective options

White blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and are an important part of the body's immune system are called ___.

lymphocytes

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?

moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.

Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence.

normative

which of the following statements is incorrect regarding social exchange theory?

people are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love

When a person is making a persuasive argument that utilizes the ________ route, they rely on factors unrelated to their actual message to persuade their listener. The hope is that these factors will encourage positivity with the message itself.

peripheral

within the field of social psychology, a script defined as a ___________.

person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ___impact.

physiological

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives rather than focusing on pathology, faults and problems?

positive psychology

Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she can't stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ___.

post-traumatic stress disorder

A negative attitude and feeling toward an individual that is based solely on that person's membership in a specific group is called ________.

prejudice

Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress; he immediately uses the internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using?

problem-focused

Heather and Mike share the household chores as equally as possible. They take turns with the cooking and driving their son to daycare. Both of them work outside the home, and each of them takes responsibility for child care one night a week to give the other one a break. We can say that their relationship has a high level of ________.

reciprocity

During the international coronavirus pandemic, many people began acting aggressively toward individuals of Chinese descent, blaming them for the virus even though most of those people had lived in the United States for their entire lives. Those Chinese-Americans were the victim of a process called ________.

scapegoating

Erikah has just arrived at the funeral of her friend's father. Even though Erikah is usually very outspoken and jovial, she keeps her voice down, expresses her sympathy to the family members, and sits quietly and respectfully during the religious service. Erikah is following the ________ of how to behave in this particular situation.

script

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occuring?

seeking outside opinions on group decisions

What was the main conclusion drawn from the Stanford prison experiment?

social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all different forms of ___.

social support

What is the main feature of the jigsaw classroom?

students work together with others who are of different racial backgrounds or different ability sets

What is the single most important fact that predicts the person with whom you will become friends or have a romantic relationship?

the amount of contact you have with people

What was the most stressful event found on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale with a LCU score of 100?

the death of a spouse

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she is just a nasty person, and does not consider that she may just have had a bad day and is venting. Lee is demonstrating ________.

the fundamental attribution error

what is a social role?

the pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.

transcendental meditation

During which kind of situation might a person be most likely to yield to the effects of informational social influence?

when the correct choice is unclear

According to three separate surveys, administered in 1983, 2006, and 2009, which statement about the relationship between stress and sex ism the most accurate?

women report experiencing more stress than men

The saying is "Money can buy happiness:, but research finds that in the United States those who earn more than __________ per year are not measurably happier than those who earn below that amount.

$75,000

Lydia is often described as having a positive outlook on life. She assumes the best of people and situations. Lydia exemplifies a Type ________ behavior pattern.

B

which of the following individuals is demonstrating an optimistic outlook on life?

Carl, who tends to see the good in situations and always looks on the bright side of things

Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress?

Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.

which pair of psychiatrists were responsible for developing the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

Holmes and Rahe

Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?

Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.

Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias?

Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teach who gave hard exams.

What is the main point of the quizmaster study?

People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior.

The behavior of soldiers who abused prisoners at the Abu Ghraib facility during the Iraq war was predicted by the Stanford Prison Experiment that was overseen by social psychologist ________.

Philip Zimbardo

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet trainging?

Simon bits his mother

Which aspect of the definition of happiness gives the impression that it is a long-term state rather than a brief mood that we experience from time to time?

a feeling that one's life has meaning and value