Ch. 12 APHG

market center for exchange of goods and services.

A central place is defined as a:

redlining

A process by which banks designate an area within which they refuse to lend money for loans, improvements, or refinancing is:

smart growth programs

An urban growth boundary is associated with

the construction of skyscrapers

As a result of high land costs, the American CBD is characterized by

business-process outsourcing (BPO).

Back-office functions are also called

energy efficiency

Compared to the private automobile, public transportation offers more

suburbanization

Edge cities emerged as a consequence of

clustered in inner-city neighborhoods.

In U.S. cities, the underclass is:

Latin American city

In which region's cities are the spine and disamenity zones of the sector model evident?

housing that is owned by the government is provided at reduced rate to people with low incomes.

Public housing is defined as

invest in and expand subways and light rail systems in the largest cities.

Recent trends in public transportation systems in the United States has been to

metropolitan statistical area

The city plus its surrounding built-up suburbs is the

satisfy the preference for personal vehicles and reduce the demand for fossil fuels.

The decision to develop alternative fuel vehicles is based on the need to

the use of a gasoline engine at high speeds, whereas at low speeds an electric motor takes over; moreover, energy that would have otherwise escaped as heat is captured and stored while the car is coasting and braking.

The energy efficiency of a hybrid car is tied to

threshold

The minimum number of people needed to support a service is called the:

Jobs that are "women work" such as clerical work are concentrated in specific areas of the city.

The needs, problems, and patterns of women with respect to urban social space differ from men's in that?

people in the middle class move into deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods and renovate the housing.

The process of gentrification occurs when

is often inadequate to meet demand

The supply of public housing in the United States

Light rail increases congestion and noise

Which example does NOT illustrate how urban areas benefit from public transit systems?

population growth encouraged by redevelopment strategies

Which is NOT a factor in the health and safety of people in inner cities?

Improved technology will make autonomous vehicles affordable for more people.

Which is NOT a potential advantage of using autonomous vehicles to improve congestion and traffic issues in cities?

trade and economics, politics, religion, protection

Which of the following is a reason for establishing a settlement?

The process tends to increase social diversity.

Which of the following reasons does NOT favor gentrification?

A food desert is usually associated with

regions usually found in low-income areas where fresh fruit, vegetables, and other healthful foods are unavailable

basic industry

A firm that sells its products primarily to consumers outside its settlement is a

Manufacturing

A land use typically excluded from a North American CBD is

Consumer services, unlike producer services, provide something that can be used up or consumed by an individual.

A major difference between consumer services and production services is that:

dense traffic

According to social scientist Louis Wirth which of the following is NOT a characteristic of city life?

rings

According to the concentric zone model, a city develops in a series of

Highest-order producer serves are concentrated in a few major cities.

According to the map of Global Cities:

hotels and warehouses.

According to the multiple nuclei model, an airport is likely to attract nearby

The extension of transportation routes.

According to the sector model, what might influence the growth of a new corridor?

gridiron street plans centered on a church and plaza, walls around houses, and wider streets than are in the centers of most European cities.

After 1573, most Spanish colonial cities were designed to have

There is a significant income gap between residents on the periphery of the city and residents in the city center.

As migrants from rural areas continue to move to cities for jobs cities face a variety of economic and social challenges. Which of the following economic or social challenges is best illustrated by the photograph shown of Mumbai, India?

stimulates new nonbasic businesses.

Attracting a new basic industry is important to a community, primarily because it

The model does not show the cost-to-distance effects of multiple suburban central business districts and the pattern of residential areas that surround them.

Based on a comparison of the zones in the model shown, which of the following best explains how the model is limited in its representation of present-day urban land-use patterns?

Tampa is gamma-ranked and Denver is beta-ranked.

Based on info in figure 12-7. which statement about North American global cities is TRUE

are located in both developing and developed nations in both rural and urban areas.

Choose the phrase that best completes the sentence. Periodic markets

The spacing of interdependent urban settlements of different sizes in such a way that all the goods and services are provided to the people

Christaller's Central Place Theory is used to explain:

New England

Clustered rural settlements were most common in which region of colonial America?

clustered in suburbs

Compared to the United States, poor families in European cities are more likely to be

have higher numbers of residents and more day-to-day consumer services.

Compared to urban settlements in North America, CBDs in Europe

50

Consumer services account for which percent of jobs in the United States?

are broad, low order, and performed by individuals

Consumption services:

face-to-face contact

Even with the diffusion of modern telecommunications, many lawyers, financial analysts, and public officials prefer to work in CBDs in order to exchange information with colleagues primarily through

Urban centers in East Asia significantly outnumber those of Europe.

Figure 12-10. Which statement is TRUE based on the map of urban settlements in this era?

Urbanization in developing countries is increasing but there remains a gap between developed and developing countries.

Figure 12-11. Based on the information in the chart, which statement is TRUE?

Asia

Figure 12-12. According to the map, the vast majority of megacities are located in

Fueled by rapid population increases, the modern city has drained and built over the former site of the lake.

Figure 13-5. Which statement best describes the stages of development of Mexico City since 1910?

the number and type of business services found there.

Global cities are defined by

economic, political, cultural, and infrastructure factors.

Global cities are identified and ranked by a combination of:

primate city

If a country's largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants and the second largest city has 200,000 inhabitants, which distribution does the country follow?

retail

In a typical North American CBD, which type of activity is likely to be located on the street-level floor of a skyscraper?

metropolitan statistical area

In the United States, which of the following definitions of an urban settlement covers the largest functional area?

mosque and bazaar

Islamic cities can follow a concentric zone model by centering urban development around the?

competition for limited space

Land values are high in the CBD primarily because of

own automobiles in an urban landscape where public transportation is limited.

Large numbers of employees of suburban businesses may suffer hardships because they do NOT

less numerous and farther apart.

Larger settlements are

reveals the clusters of high-income people who are likely potential customers.

Marketers use geographic analysis of the suburbs because it

adjacent, overlapping metropolitan statistical areas.

Megalopolis refers to

it coordinates planning for the overall area

Most U.S. metropolitan areas have a council of governments which means

Southeast Asia

Multiple nuclei models are closely associated with contemporary cities in which geographic region?

zoning ordinance

One of the ways that suburban residential segregation is reinforced is through

health and medicare

Recent decades have seen greatest employment increases in which consumer service sector?

informal settlements

Settlements on the periphery of cities in less developed countries that often house the poor or new urban arrivals are known as:

the distribution of different types of people in an urban area.

Social area analysis attempts to explain

development of new housing sites not contiguous to the existing built-up area.

Sprawl is best defined as the

building interstate highways

The U.S. government has encouraged the use of cars in part by

the wealthy tend to live closer to the inner rings in developing countries.

The application of the concentric zone model to developed and developing countries differs in that

hinterland

The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is the:

bank secrecy laws and the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries.

The attraction of the "offshore banking" industry can best be explained by

urbanized area

The city plus its surrounding built-up suburbs is the

talented people igniting economic advancement in communities, which attracts more talented people.

The clustering of tech jobs and talent in the United States is attributed to

industrial to health services., industrial to consumer services., industrial to business services., industrial to public services.

The economic base of many cities changed in the post-industrial era from:

reduction in urban population

The fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century C.E. brought about what change in urban settlements?

education, retail, health, and leisure.

The four main types of consumer services include:

hexagons

The geometric pattern which geographers use to represent market areas are:

directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it.

The gravity model predicts that the optimal location of a service is

rank-size rule

The hierarchical listing of settlements by size is known as the:

desire for access to a river or road.

The long-lot system, brought to North America by the French, was developed primarily because of

a dispersed rural settlement pattern

The most significant impact of the United Kingdom's enclosure movement on the rural landscape was

annexation

The process of legally adding land area, which vastly declined in the 1950's, to a city in the United States is:

The number and percentage of people

The process of urbanization can be analyzed by looking at which two dimensions of growth of a city?

communication networks, subway trains, and pedestrian passages.

The underground CBD is characterized by

reduce services and raise taxes

To deal with the financial problems in some areas of the cities, American city/local governments:

The tertiary sector with increases in leisure, health, and retail services.

Use figure 12-2 to answer. The graph represents both social and economic change in the united states between 1975 and 2015. Which sector and sub-sectors have grown the most significant?

Daily urban systems tend to cover much larger areas in western states.

Use figure 12-3 to answer. Based on the information in the map, which statement about megaregions in the United states is TRUE?

Smaller settlements supply all of the services needed to the inhabitants of isolated areas.

Use figure 12-4 to answer. Which statement about central place theory is NOT supported in this area of North Dakota?

many centers are concentrated in the eastern Caribbean

Use figure 12-8. Which statement about offshore financial service centers is TRUE?

reflects population growth in developing countries

Which best describes the distribution of megacities?

a reduction in the differences in densities found within an urban area

Which describes a recent change in the typical U.S. density gradient?

A business sector cluster

Which does NOT describe an economic base?

low wages and the widespread use of English

Which factors best explain why many "call centers" are outsourced to India?

market area, range, threshold, and predicted share of market

Which factors would geographers use to determine the marketability of a location?

Restoration of auto dealerships and warehouses to the CBD.

Which is NOT a strategy several U.S. cities have used to revitalize their downtown areas?

They reduced reliance on agricultural lifestyles by encouraging urban settlement

Which is NOT a way the Roman Empire facilitated settlements in the territory it controlled?

warehouses and piers for cargo ships

Which is the LEAST likely to be located at a port in a modern CBD?

The township-and-range survey system was based on a geometric grid pattern, while the long-lot system was a rectilinear pattern based upon waterways or roads.

Which of the following best explains the differences between the patterns of land use in the township-and-range system and the long-lot system, as shown in the images?

These cities function as global economic centers in the semiperiphery.

Which of the following best explains the importance of stock exchanges in the cities of Mumbai, India, and shanghai, China?

Government policy makers and business partners have focused infrastructure efforts on creating a downtown work environment that is positive for economic development.

Which of the following best explains what the central business district data indicate

To build modern, planned cities and administrative centers

Which of the following best explains why countries such as Brazil, Burma (Myanmar), Kazakhstan, and Nigeria would construct a new capital city in a different location from the old capital city (Called...Forward Capitals)?

I only is correct

Which of the following describes the connection between land values and population densities? I- Higher population density indicates a higher demand for land and thus price of land is bid up in densely settled regions II- Higher prices make land less affordable so that expensive locations always have lower population densities III- Larger areas of land will cost more but will be less likely to be densely populated

A vernacular region controlled by a local government.

Which of the following does NOT accurately define or describe a city?

provide for a desire that can be bought

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of business services

Iron Horse Canal Epoch

Which of the following is NOT one of the transportation epochs identified by John Borchert?

The high urban growth in the developing world suggests considerable industrialization and economic development.

Which of the following is NOT true about the world's fastest-growing cities?

Mesopotamia

Which of the following is considered to have been a hearth of urban settlement?

urban hierarchy

Which of the following refers to the size and functional complexity of cities?

informal settlements

Which of the following was NOT included in Beijing under the Yuan Dynasty?

addressing regional problems

Which problem results from the fragmentation of local governments?

low-wage rates and workers who can speak English

Which two factors influence the location of back-office services in developing countries?

sharing services

Which type of service challenges the traditional classifications of services as either a business or consumer service?

clustered rural

Which type of settlement is characterized by farm buildings, homes, and churches located close together?

galactic

With which urban model are edge cities most closely associated?

South Africa, Namibia, and Australia

in which countries do services account for between 50 and 69 percent of GDP?