Ch. 12 HW Quiz: Social Psychology

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of ________ . A. Cacippo's social neuroscience B. Asch's conformity effect C. Zimbardo's role playing effect D. Milgram's notion of obedience to authority

B. Asch's conformity effect

In the context of social behavior, which of the following best explains the bystander effect? A. When others are watching, individuals are more likely to offer help B. People tend to look to others for cues about how to behave. C. When witnesses are present, individuals feel a sense of personal responsibility. D. People do not wait for others to offer help during emergencies.

B. People tend to look to others for cues about how to behave.

The behavior of soldiers who abused prisoners at the Abu Ghraib facility during the Iraq war was predicted by the Stanford Prison Experiment that was overseen by social psychologist ________. A. John Cacioppo B. Philip Zimbardo C. Solomon Asch D. Stanley Milgram

B. Philip Zimbardo

Which of the following illustrates an external attribution on the part of John? A. John believes that his girlfriend broke up with him because she had to attend to personal family problems and could not make a commitment. B. John's girlfriend left him because he cheated on her. C. John blames himself for the fact that his girlfriend broke up with him. D. John believes that his girlfriend broke up with him because she was selfish and unhappy.

A. John believes that his girlfriend broke up with him because she had to attend to personal family problems and could not make a commitment.

________ refers to the tendency to take credit for one's own successes and to deny responsibility for one's own failures. A. Self-serving bias B. Learned helplessness C. Stereotyping D. Positive illusion

A. Self-serving bias

What is a social role? A. a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group B. group's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting C. person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting D. group's expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for the thoughts and behavior of its members

A. a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

The reduction in personal identity and erosion of the sense of personal responsibility when one is part of a group is known as ... A. deindividuation. B. the false consensus effect. C. the self-serving bias. D. social contagion.

A. deindividuation.

A ________ is a generalization about a group's characteristics that does not consider any variations from one individual to another. A. stereotype B. hypothesis C. None of the other answer options is correct. D. classification

A. stereotype

Clara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Clara is yelling at him because she is just a nasty person, and does not consider that she may just have had a bad day and is venting. Lee is demonstrating A. the fundamental attribution error B. groupthink C. the bystander problem D. the self-serving bias

A. the fundamental attribution error

Which of the following illustrates cognitive dissonance? A. Judy thinks Esme is always late to class because she is lazy. B. Sharla thinks women are better bakers than men. She is puzzled and uncomfortable when James wins the county fair pie competition. C. Robbie doesn't step in to help an eldery woman pick up her dropped groceries because he thinks someone else will do it. D. All of the other options are examples of cognitive dissonance.

B. Sharla thinks women are better bakers than men. She is puzzled and uncomfortable when James wins the county fair pie competition.

Stereotype threat is: A. everyone in a meeting agreeing with the boss's opinion despite it being a bad idea B. an individual's fast-acting, self-fulfilling fear of being judged based on a negative idea about his or her group C. blaming others for their errors, yet excusing our own D. the failure to offer help in an emergency due to fear of being sued

B. an individual's fast-acting, self-fulfilling fear of being judged based on a negative idea about his or her group

Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item? A. door-in-the-face strategy B. foot-in-the-door technique C. lowball technique D. effort justification strategy

B. foot-in-the-door technique

________ is the psychological discomfort caused by two inconsistent thoughts. A. Deindividuation B. Risky shift C. Cognitive dissonance D. Consensual validation

C. Cognitive dissonance

In _________ obedience research, the person playing the part of the "learner" was an accomplice, or ________, of the experiment. He was aware of the true purpose of the research, was never shocked, and was acting according to Milgram's instructions. A. Cacioppo's; ally B. Zimbardo's; associate C. Milgram's; confederate D. Asch's; union

C. Milgram's; confederate

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________. A. cognitive dissonance B. fear of failure C. diffusion of responsibility D. passive-aggression

C. diffusion of responsibility

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve. A. equal status B. come-uppance C. just-world D. equipoentiality

C. just-world

During which kind of situation might a person be most likely to yield to the effects of informational social influence? A. when they feel sure of their own decisions B. when they really want to be liked by a group of peers C. when the correct choice is unclear D. when they have no personal investment in the outcome of their actions

C. when the correct choice is unclear

Lara watches as Emma stumbles and drops her books in the hall. In the context of the fundamental attribution error, how would Lara explain Emma's behavior? A. The floor must have just been mopped. B. Emma must have tripped due to the crowded hallway. C. The hallway is too crowded. D. Emma is clumsy and careless.

D. Emma is clumsy and careless.

Which of the following is an appropriate conclusion to draw from Zimbardo's Stanford prison experiment? A. Bad people will likely be evil regardless of the situation. B. Truly good people don't do evil things. C. Authority figures will cause people to behave in an evil way. D. Even good people can be evil when the situation pushes them..

D. Even good people can be evil when the situation pushes them..

Which statement about groupthink is correct? A. Group members modify their opinion to go against what they believe is the group consensus. B. Group members will use brainstorming to discover the solution that most group members agree on. C. Group members will never agree if there is a minority influence present. D. Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.

D. Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.