Ch 12 Smartbook

True or false: Receptors for the general senses are very localized, and found in the skin only.

False

Which of the following statements accurately describes the optic disc?

It is the area of the retina lacking photoreceptors.

______ protects the body because they are stimulated when there is tissue damage, thereby promoting a response that may prevent further damage. Multiple choice question.

Pain receptors

The classification of sensory receptors as photoreceptors, thermoreceptors, etc., is based on what characteristic of the receptors? Multiple choice question.

Stimulus type that causes a response

What is sensory adaptation?

The ability of the brain to become less responsive to some stimuli.

What is the immediate result of stimulating a receptor?

The receptor's membrane potential changes.

What is the cornea?

The transparent part of the outer (fibrous) layer of the eye.

Choose all true statements about the sensory receptors responsible for the general senses.

They are found throughout the skin. They are widespread in the body. They are associated with the viscera.

True or false: The extrinsic eye muscles are considered accessory organs of the eye.

True

The ability of the nervous system to become less responsive to a maintained stimulus is called sensory ____________________

adaptation

What is the term for the ability of the brain to prioritize the sensory input it receives and to ignore unimportant stimuli?

adaptation

Which word root means to hear?

aud-

The ________________, or ________________ , tube connects each middle ear to the throat, allowing air to pass between the tympanic cavity and the outside of the body.

auditory eustachian

What structure connects the middle ear cavity to the throat (nasopharynx)?

auditory tube

Taste ______________ serve as the organs of taste.

buds

Which of the following is true concerning the sense of smell?

chemicals must be dissolved in liquid to be detected

Olfactory receptors are ______.

chemoreceptors

Receptors are classified based on their sensitivity to different types of stimuli. The five main types of receptors are _________________, pain receptors, ____________________, mechanoreceptors, and photoreceptors.

chemoreceptors thermoreceptors

The vascular tunic of the eye includes the _____________ coat, the ____________ body, and the iris.

choroid ciliary

Which structure contains the hearing receptors?

cochlea

Choose the two parts of the labyrinth in the inner ear.

cochlea semicircular canals

The photoreceptors that provide color vision are called ____________ cells; the ones that provide black/gray/white vision are called ________________ cells.

cone, rod

Place in order the structures that light passes through as it enters the eye, starting at the top.

cornea aqueous humor lens vitreous humor retina

The tympanic membrane is also called the ______________________ (a non-anatomical term).

eardrum or ear drum

The __________________ ear includes the auricle and the tympanic membrane.

external or outer

Which three of the following are classified as accessory organs of the eye?

eyelids extrinsic muscles lacrimal apparatus

Choose two types of receptors that sense touch and pressure.

free nerve endings lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles

Match touch and pressure receptors to their locations.

free nerve endings matches Ends of dendrites branch and extend between epithelial cells. Miessner's corpuscles matches , Abundant in hairless areas of skin, such as the lips. Pacinian corpuscles matches Abundant in deeper dermal tissues and connective tissue capsules of joints.

The five major groups of neurons in the retina are the photoreceptors, the bipolar neurons, the ______________ cells, the horizontal cells, and the ___________________ cells.

ganglion amacrine

The __________________ senses rely on receptors distributed throughout the body (for example in skin and muscles), while the ____________ senses rely on specialized receptors found in structures in the head.

general; special

As a person ages, they usually have more difficulty hearing ______.

high pitches

Which two groups of neurons in the retina allow information to pass laterally between retinal cells, thereby modifying the pattern of impulses conducted on the fibers of the direct pathway?

horizontal cells amacrine cells

The ear is divided into which three sections?

inner ear middle ear outer ear

The cochlea and the semicircular canals are the two parts of the ______.

labyrinth

The three auditory ossicles are the _____________, ______________, and __________________.

malleus incus stapes

The choroid coat, the ciliary body, and the iris are all parts of the _______________ tunic of the eyeball.

middle or vascular

Information received by sensory cells is conveyed to the central nervous system in the form of impulses along afferent fibers. In order for this to happen when the receptor cell is not a neuron, its receptor potential ______.

must be transferred to a neuron

Name the products of the breakdown of the visual pigment rhodopsin.

opsin and retinal

The middle ear houses the three auditory ____________ which include the malleus, incus, and stapes.

ossicles

The middle ear houses the three auditory _________________ which include the malleus, incus, and stapes.

ossicles

The malleus, incus, and stapes are the three small bones known as the auditory __________

ossicles or ossicle

What type of sensory receptors are abundant in the cornea?

pain receptors cold receptors

Static equilibrium senses ______. Dynamic equilibrium senses ______.

position of the head; balance when in motion

The degeneration or failure of hearing neural pathways to the brain which can occur with aging is called _____________ , while the condition of hearing a ringing or roaring in the ears is called _________________.

presbycusis tinnitus

The central nervous system receives information about body position and the length and tension of skeletal muscles from mechanoreceptors called

proprioceptors

The group of mechanoreceptors called ______ are responsible for informing the CNS about body position and length/tension of skeletal muscles.

proprioceptors

Which of the following receptors does not trigger a sensation?

receptors that measure oxygen levels in the blood

The ______________ forms the inner, or nervous, the tunic of the eye. It contains photoreceptors.

retina

The visual receptor cells are located in the ______.

retina

The light-sensitive pigment in rods is called , _________________ or visual purple.

rhodopsin

What type of photoreceptor provides black/white/gray vision?

rods

The term ______ refers to information sent by sensory receptors to the brain. The term ______ refers to the interpretation of that information by the cerebral cortex.

sensation; perception

List the special senses.

smell, taste, hearing, equilibrium, sight

Receptors for the ______ senses are specialized and are confined to structures in the head such as the eyes and ears.

special

The senses that are classified as the ________________ senses include the senses of smell, taste, hearing, equilibrium, and sight.

special

The sense of _____________ equilibrium maintains the stability of the head and body when they are motionless. The sense of ___________________ equilibrium balances the head and the body when they are suddenly moved or rotated.

static dynamic

What are the sensory organs for taste called?

taste buds

Which of the following are housed in the middle ear?

the auditory ossicles

As light enters the eye, what is the first structure through which it must pass?

the cornea

What area of the retina is lacking photoreceptors and is referred to as the blind spot?

the optic disc

Which structure of the outer ear vibrates back and forth, transferring the sound wave vibrations to the middle ear?

the tympanic membrane

List three characteristics of pain receptors.

they are lacking in the brain they are nociceptors they are sensitive to tissue damage

Where are sensory receptors for the general senses found?

throughout the body

What is the meaning of the word root aud- (as in auditory)?

to hear

Sound waves that enter the external acoustic meatus cause the _________________ membrane to vibrate back and forth, reproducing the vibrations of the sound-wave source.

tympanic

Which of the following structures functions in both hearing and equilibrium?

vestibule

Which three of the following regions are associated with receptors for the general senses?

viscera joints muscles

Name the two types of thermoreceptors.

warm cold

The thermoreceptors in the skin are classified as ___________________ receptors and ____________________ receptors.

warm, cold

The thermoreceptors in the skin are classified as _____________________ receptors and _____________________ receptors.

warm, cold