Ch. 13 (Art Appreciation)

The Art of the Middle Ages

Byzantine, Romanesque, Gothic

Identify two features of Romanesque buildings.

Romanesque art featured buildings of massive size, wide use of the rounded Roman arch, many sculptural decorations, and solid, heavy walls.

What medium used by Flemish artists revolutionized painting in the Renaissance?

The medium used by Flemish artists that revolutionized painting in the Renaissance was oil rather than egg to bind pigments, which allowed artists more versatility than ever before.

What two developments of the Gothic period allowed builders to place many openings in walls and to build churches taller?

The two developments of the Gothic period that allowed builders to place many openings in walls and to build churches taller are pointed arch and the flying buttress.

Super-Realism

art that depicts objects as precisely and accurately as they actually appear

Minimalism

art that uses a minimum of art elements

Regionalists

painted the farmlands and cities of the United States in an optimistic way

What is linear perspective?

Linear perspective is a graphic system that creates the illusion of depth and volume on a flat surface. It provided a set of guidelines that allowed artists to depict figures and objects in space on a two-dimensional surface. It made the placement of objects, depiction of their volume or form, measurable and exact, which gave illusion of reality to different pieces of art.

Dutch Art

no religious paintings and sculptures in churches; turn to ordinary people and places for their subject matter

Renaissance

name given to the period at the end of the Middle Ages when artists, writers, and philosophers were "re-awakened" to art forms and ideas from ancient Greece and Rome

Surrealism

art in which dreams, fantasy, and the subconscious served as inspiration for artists

What style of painting is characterized by contrast and variety?

Baroque Art

How did Greeks represent the human form?

The Greeks represented the human form by using idealized human forms. They looked for perfect proportions in buildings, sculpture, and music by following the guidelines of mathematical proportion. The Greek artists produced statues that represented the Greek ideal of a perfect body.

List the characteristics of Rococo art.

The characteristics of Rococo art are that it expresses free, graceful movement, playful use of line, and delicate colors.

Post-Impressionalism

a more individual approach to painting, unique to each artist working at this time

Romanticism

a style of art that found its subjects in the world of the dramatic and in cultures foreign to Europe. It emphasized rich color and high emotion.

Expressionism

a style that emphasized the expression of innermost feelings

Cubism

a style that emphasizes structure and design

Art After 1945

abstract expressionism, pop and op art, color-field painting, minimalism, new forms of realism, architecture, post-modern art

Neoclassicism

an approach to art that borrowed subject matter and formal design qualities from the art of Greece and Rome

Post-Modernism

an approach to art that incorporates traditional elements and techniques while retaining some characteristics of modern art styles or movements

Abstract Expressionalism

emphasized abstract elements of art rather than recognizable subject matter, and also stressed feelings and emotions

Romanesque

featured buildings of massive size; solid, heavy walls; wide use of the rounded Roman arch; and many sculptural decorations

Gothic

featured churches that seemed to soar upward, used pointed arches, and included stained-glass windows

Impressionalism

featured everyday subjects and emphasized the momentary effects of light on color

Mannerism

featured highly emotional scenes and elongated figures

Byzantine art

featured very rich colors and heavily outlined figures that appeared flat and stiff

Realism

photography (how not what)

Describe general characteristics of Greek, Roman, and Byzantine art.

The Greek art was made to create a logical, harmonious world. It looked for perfect proportions, and several artists used it to make the Greek ideal of the perfect body. Roman art did not look to idealize human forms. They modified Greek culture to suit their own needs. They absorbed culture of the Etruscan in Italy. They used arch and concrete, constructed a network of roads, and developed beautiful interior decoration. They created a realistic portrait sculpture instead of an idealized one. Byzantine art is a new style of art developed during the Middle Ages. It featured very rich colors and heavily outlined figures that appeared flat and stiff.

Baroque

an art style emphasizing dramatic lighting, movement, and emotional intensity

Rococo

an art style that expresses free, graceful movement, playful use of line, and delicate colors