ch 13 cardiovascular health and cancer

Which of the following statements is true about hypertension treatment?

Hypertension can be controlled.

How does exercise help reduce CVD risk?

It boosts HDL levels. It contributes to weight loss. It strengthens the heart muscle

Which of the following statements about the link between radiation and cancer is false?

Not all sources of radiation are carcinogenic.

Which of the following statements is true about e-cigarettes?

Smoking e-cigarettes carries substantial risks for lung injury and cardiovascular disease. The dose of nicotine in one e-cigarette is often considerably more than a standard cigarette.

Which of the following describes what happens in a cerebrovascular accident (stroke)?

The blood supply to the brain is cut off and brain tissue dies.

Which of the following statements are true about exercise and the risk of CVD?

The more exercise you get, the less likely you are to develop CVD

Smoking is considered the number-one risk factor for Blank______ that a person can control.

CVD

Which one of the following statements about cancer is FALSE?

Cancer is characterized by controlled growth of cells.

Most deaths from heart attacks occur within __________ of the onset of symptoms.

2 hours

Regular exercise can lower resting blood pressure by Blank______% on average, which can significantly reduce the risk of hypertension.

2-4

At what age should people begin having their cholesterol checked?

20

Testicular cancer, though rare, is the most common cancer in men of what age range?

20-35

The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that the five-year survival rate for all cancers diagnosed between 2007 and 2013 is:

69%

Which cancers pose an increased risk to people with weight gain in early adulthood?

endometrial colorectal

Congestive heart failure results from the heart's inability to pump blood. As a result:

fluid accumulates in the body

Which of the following have been identified as possible risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

high uric acid levels high level of lipoprotein(a)

You should consider all of the following factors EXCEPT ________ when planning for a visit to the beach.

how cloudy it will be

All of the following are sources of radiation EXCEPt

hydrocarbons.

Genes for one or more of which of the following are likely to be present in a family with a history of CVD?

hypertension diabetes high cholesterol

The most common cause of sudden death among athletes younger than 35 is

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Surgical treatment for endometrial cancer involves complete removal of the uterus, a procedure known as

hysterectomy

The risk of PAD is significantly increased in which of the following groups of people?

those who use tobacco products those with diabetes

Which of the following factors contributes to one-third of all cancer deaths?

tobacco use

Which of the following nutrients have been found to increase heart health?

vitamin B-6 folic acid calcium

Treatment for congestive heart failure may include all of the following EXCEPT

increasing salt intake

Which of the following are possible risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease?

infectious agents high homocysteine levels high levels of uric acid

C-reactive protein is released into the bloodstream during the -- response, and high levels of CRP indicated an elevated risk of heart attack and stroke.

inflammatory

Mutated oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes are associated with an increased cancer risk. One way for a person to end up with such mutations is to Blank______ them

inherit

Which of the following is associated with metabolic syndrome

insulin resistance

Congenital heart defects, rheumatic heart disease, and heart valve disorders are:

less common forms of heart disease

Which of the following combinations would place someone at greatest risk for cardiovascular disease?

low HDL and high LDL

The most common cause of cancer death in the United States is

lung cancer.

Which diagnostic imaging technique uses a huge electromagnet to detect hidden tumors by mapping the vibrations of different atoms in the body?

magnetic resonance imaging

Which of the following screenings is NOT recommended?

mammography for a 35-year-old woman at average risk of breast cancer

The surgical removal of a lump and the tissue that surrounds it from the breast is called a lumpectomy, whereas the full removal of the breast is called a

mastectomy

Which of the following procedures are used in the treatment of breast cancer?

mastectomy lumpectomy

The most serious type of skin cancer is

melanoma

Which cancers can be caused by tobacco smoke?

mouth lung bronchial

A heart attack is also known as a(n) -- infarction.

myocardial

What is atherosclerosis?

narrowing of the arteries by deposits of fat, cholesterol, and other substances

Which symptoms can be caused by peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

obstructed blood flow limited blood flow

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of melanoma?

occurs most commonly on the face

People with no cardiovascular disease risk factors should have their blood pressure measured by a professional at least

once every 2 years.

Which of the following plant substances act as antioxidants or have other anti-cancer effects?

phytochemicals carotenoids

Blood exerts -- on the walls of the blood vessels.

pressure

In men, which gland is located at the base of the bladder and completely surrounds the urethra?

prostate gland

Effective treatments for testicular cancer may include:

radiation chemotherapy removal of the affected testis

Which early symptoms may indicate a tumor in the lungs?

recurring bronchitis chest pain persistent cough

Which of the following are lifestyle changes recommended for people with hypertension?

regular exercise healthy diet

A period during the course of cancer when there are no symptoms or other evidence of the disease is called:

remission

Which elements determine blood pressure?

resistance of the blood vessels pumping action of the heart

What is the first line of defense for detecting cancer?

self-monitoring

Which of the following groups are most likely to experience heart attacks without chest pain?

women people with diabetes

The method of classifying the Blank______ of cancer in a patient's body is called staging

spread

Which methods can be used to detect colorectal cancer?

stool tests colonoscopy

Which of the following are common sources of potentially carcinogenic radiation?

sunlight mammograms dental X-rays

Which organ is affected by pulmonary edema?

the lungs

What is the original location of a cancer called?

the primary tumor

Which of the following should you be aware of in order to self-monitor for cancer?

the risk factors in your own life your immediate family's cancer history your own cancer history

Carcinoma is the most common type of cancer. In which locations does it typically appear?

the skin the prostate the lungs the breast

Which of the following statements about metastasis is correct?

The term refers the spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another.

Which of the following statements about homocysteine is true?

Which of the following statements about homocysteine is true?

What is remission?

a period during which a patient has no signs or symptoms of cancer

Your dinner companion suddenly complains of a severe headache and is unable to move their arm. Soon, they cannot speak clearly. The person is most likely suffering from

a stroke.

A blood-filled pocket bulging out from a weak spot in an artery wall is called a(n)

aneurysm.

Which methods can a physician use to identify a cancer's stage?

assessing if any metastases are present assessing the size of the primary tumor assessing if the tumor has invaded lymph nodes

How often should people over the age of 20 have their cholesterol checked?

at least every 5 years

Which procedures are examples of methods that can be used for pinpointing the location and size of a tumor?

biopsy exploratory surgery MRI

In men, the prostate gland is located at the base of the:

bladder

Which conditions result from plaque buildup?

blood clots accumulate blood flow is restricted arteries narrow

As a result of extensive research, which type of cancer has been linked to a gene mutation?

breast

The risk factors for uterine cancer are similar to the risk factors for:

breast cancer

In which ways may the nutrients in fruits and vegetables help reduce cancer risk?

by boosting enzymes that render carcinogens harmless by preventing carcinogens from forming by blocking carcinogens from acting on target cells

Melanoma is a form of:

cancer

Cancers arising from epithelial tissues such as skin and the lining of internal organs are called

carcinomas.

Covid-19 has been linked to which of the following severe cardiovascular complications in hospitalized patients?

cardiogenic shock or low blood pressure due to decreased heart pumping function increased rates of heart failure blood clots heart attacks arrhythmias

Sarcomas are cancers that arise from which of the following tissues?

cartilage muscle bone

Cancer is the result of abnormal, uncontrolled multiplication of:

cells

hich term is another word for a stroke?

cerebrovascular accident

Which treatments are commonly combined as a way of removing cancerous cells?

chemotherapy surgery radiation

Which of the following methods are used to detect or diagnose lung cancer

chest X-rays studying cells in sputum

Which dietary changes can people make to lower their risk of developing cardiovascular disease?

choosing only unsaturated fats eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables achieving and maintaining a healthy weight avoiding excessive alcohol

Which of the following are less common forms of heart disease?

congenital heart defects rheumatic heart disease

The terms neoplasm and Blank______ refer to the same thing.

tumor

Risk factors for breast cancer include all of the following EXCEPT

use of antiperspirants containing aluminum.

Being obese in middle age does not significantly increase a person's cancer risk

f

Scientists have identified which of the following factors as ones that increase the risk of developing cancer?

genetic environmental lifestyle

Heredity and -- factor heavily in a person's cancer risk.

genetics

High levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) indicate an elevated risk of which of the following?

heart attack

The best way to treat cancer would do minimal damage to:

normal tissues

What is the primary treatment for colon and rectal cancer?

surgery

The percentage of patients diagnosed with a certain disease who will be alive five years after the diagnosis is called the five-year -- rate.

survival

The left side of the heart pumps blood in ________ circulation.

systemic

When the heart contracts during ________, blood pressure is greater than when the heart relaxes during ________.

systole; diastole

Which cancer has not been linked to tobacco use?

testicular

Which feature is characteristic of all cancers?

the abnormal, uncontrolled multiplication of cells

Having favorable genes for risk factors such as high cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity decreases your risk of developing CVD

tru

Noncancerous tumors only pose a health threat if they physically interfere with essential bodily functions.

tru