Ch 14: Clp3144
Which of the following observations about chronic insomnia is true?
Chronic insomnia is more frequent in women than in men.
In the United States, coronary heart disease (CHD) accounts for ________ percent of all deaths.
35
Which of the following is true of sleepwalking as a disorder of arousal?
It occurs during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.
Which of the following is true of sleep terror disorder?
It occurs most often in children.
Which of the following is a concern raised by mental health professionals about the insanity defense?
It requires after-the-fact judgments of a defendant's state of mind at the time of the crime.
Which of the following is one factor that explains how hostility may lead to coronary heart disease?
Over-arousal of the sympathetic nervous system
People in high-stress jobs are at increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), particularly if their jobs are:
highly demanding but provide them little control.
Gradual withdrawal from heroin can be achieved with _____.
methadone
opioids
morphine, heroin, codeine, and methadone. Derived from the sap of opium poppy used to relieve pain
Which of the following has proven useful in treating alcohol dependents and abusers, possibly because it blocks the effects of endorphins during drinking?
naltrexone
A substance is defined as any:
natural or synthesized product that has psychoactive effects.
depressants
slow the central nervous system: alcohol, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates
delirium tremens (DTs)
third stage of withdrawal (drinking), auditory, visual and tactile hallucinations occur
abstinence violation effect
two components: 1. sense of conflict and guilt when an abstinent alcohol abuser or dependent violates abstinence and has a drink. May continue to drink to try to suppress the conflict or guilt, 2. tendency to attribute a violation of abstinence to a lack of willpower rather than situational factors
barbiturates
(seconal) legally manufactured and sold by prescription, decrease blood pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate
benzodiazepines
(xanax, valium, etc.) legally manufactured and sold by prescription, muscle relaxants and antiseizure medicines, decrease blood pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate
Most U.S. states consider a person to be under the influence of alcohol if his or her blood-alcohol level is _____ or above.
0.08
Which of the following primarily contributes to the fact that the relapse rate for people undergoing any kind of treatment for alcohol abuse and dependency is high? Abstinence violation effect Covert sensitization Transfer of dependence Cognitive dissonance
Abstinence violation effect
_____ is the loss of intellectual abilities, including memory, abstract thinking, judgment, and problem solving, often accompanied by personality changes such as increased paranoia.
Alcohol-induced dementia
_____ is the loss of intellectual abilities, including memory, abstract thinking, judgment, and problem solving, often accompanied by personality changes such as increased paranoia. Reward deficiency syndrome Alcohol-induced dementia Korsakoff's syndrome Wernicke's encephalopathy
Alcohol-induced dementia
Which form of mental health care is most likely to be provided for prison inmates?
Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous meetings for substance abusers
Dennis is undergoing treatment to deal with his alcohol use disorder. Whenever he takes this drug, he can't even have one alcoholic drink because he starts to feel sick and dizzy and feels like vomiting. Which drug is he using?
Antabuse
_____ is the tendency to be impulsive, sensation-seeking, and prone to antisocial behaviors such as violating laws. Control drive Behavioral undercontrol Reward sensitivity Speedballing
Behavioral undercontrol
Which of the following is legally manufactured and sold by prescription, usually as sedatives for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia?
Benzodiazepine
Alicia's doctor has prescribed Alicia helpful medication to help with her anxiety and insomnia. Which of the following class of medications has he most likely prescribed?
Benzodiazepines
Pedro is at a party and has taken a substance that has made him euphoric and disinhibited; he then experiences lethargy, loss of coordination and other signs of central nervous system depression. He has most likely taken:
Benzodiazepines
Which term refers to alcohol-induced amnesia for the events that occurred while one was intoxicated?
Blackout
_____ provide reinforcements for individuals to curtail their use of substances, for example, employment, housing, or vouchers for purchases at local stores. Covert sensitization methods Cognitive treatment methods Dependency transfer programs Contingency management programs
Contingency management programs
Which of the following statements about coronary heart disease (CHD) is true?
Exercise is effective in reducing both CHD and depression.
Which of the following is a drug that was widely used by bodybuilders and athletes to lose fat and build muscle and was available over the counter in health food stores in the 1980s?
GHB
Raymond usually sleeps 12 hours at night but still wakes up feeling sleepy. He falls asleep during team meetings in his office and often while working at his desk. This has been going on for months now, and is jeopardizing his career. Which of the following conditions is Raymond probably suffering from?
Hypersomnulence
Which of the following observations is true of the drug phencyclidine? It has many of the same effects as hallucinogens. It is manufactured as a liquid to be injected. It is categorized as an opioid. It is classified in the DSM-IV-TR as a hallucinogen.
It has many of the same effects as hallucinogens.
Which of the following is true of the effects of sleep deprivation?
It is cumulative in nature.
Why do date-rape victims fail to recognize that they have been drugged with rohypnol?
It is odorless, colorless, and tasteless.
Identify the physiological effect of nicotine
It resembles a fight-or-flight response.
Identify the physiological effect of nicotine. It resembles a fight-or-flight response. It suppresses several biochemicals including dopamine and norepinephrine. It reduces the craving to smoke more. It reduces stress and anxiety.
It resembles a fight-or-flight response.
Which of the following makes cocaine more likely than most substances to lead to a stimulant use disorder?
Its rapid, strong effects on the brain's reward centers
Which of the following makes cocaine more likely than most substances to lead to abuse and dependence?
Its rapid, strong effects on the brain's reward centers
Which of the following makes cocaine more likely than most substances to lead to abuse and dependence? Its easy availability The absence of short-term health disorders Its rapid, strong effects on the brain's reward centers Symptoms of fatigue and insomnia upon withdrawal
Its rapid, strong effects on the brain's reward centers
Which of the following is true of amphetamine use? a. Tolerance and physical dependence develops slowly over a long period of time. b. Like cocaine, amphetamines can produce perceptual illusions. c. Abuse of these drugs has fallen in recent years. d. The symptoms of intoxication are completely different from those of cocaine intoxication.
Like cocaine, amphetamines can produce perceptual illusions.
Which of the following best explains why those who take heroin while on methadone do not experience heroin's intense psychological effects? Methadone is more potent than heroin. Methadone transfers dependency. Methadone has longer-lasting effects than heroin. Methadone blocks receptors for heroin.
Methadone blocks receptors for heroin.
Which of the following is the most common pharmacological treatment method used for nicotine dependence?
Nicotine replacement therapy
Which of the following is true of gambling disorder?
Pathological gamblers have a greater disruption in the systems regulating the neurotransmitter dopamine.
Which of the following is true of pathological gambling?
Pathological gamblers have a greater disruption in the systems regulating the neurotransmitter dopamine.
Which of the following is a reason why abuse of and dependence on alcohol decline as people age? a. The increasing percentage of body water decreases the absorption of alcohol. b. With age, the liver metabolizes alcohol at a faster rate. c. Older people are financially more secure than younger ones. d. People who have used alcohol excessively may die before they reach old age.
People who have used alcohol excessively may die before they reach old age.
Which of the following is true about the verdict "guilty but mentally ill"?
Proponents argue that it recognizes defendants' mental illness while still holding them responsible for their actions.
Which of the following is a positive coping strategy?
Seeking social support
Which of following is true about the "not guilty by reason of insanity" verdict?
Some states require that people who receive the verdict should only be institutionalized for the same length of time they would have served if they had received prison sentences.
With the repeated use of substances such as cocaine, heroin, and amphetamines, more of the drug is needed to produce the desired effects. Which of the following helps explain this statement?
The brain reduces its production of dopamine.
Which of the following is one of the four categories of harmful consequences that suggest substance abuse?
The individual fails to fulfill important obligations at work, home, or school as a result of substance use.
Which of the following is one of the four categories of harmful consequences that suggest substance abuse? a. The individual fails to fulfill important obligations at work, home, or school as a result of substance use. b. The individual stops using the substance because of legal problems in the past. c. The individual uses the substance only in situations in which it is not physically hazardous to do so. d. The individual complains of withdrawal symptoms, such as nervousness, headaches, and nausea.
The individual fails to fulfill important obligations at work, home, or school as a result of substance use.
Which of the following statements is true of mental health courts and drug courts?
These courts tend to be controversial as they may coerce offenders into treatment.
According to studies, which of the following is generally true of pessimistic people?
They see negative events as their fault.
Which of the following characterizes the first stage of alcohol withdrawal?
Tremulousness, weakness, and profuse perspiration
Under which of the following conditions would it be difficult for the courts to apply the M'Naghten rule?
When a person has posttraumatic stress disorder
When does obstructive sleep apnea typically occur?
When airflow is stopped due to a narrow airway or an obstruction in the airway.
When does central sleep apnea typically occur?
When the brain does not send the signal to breathe to the respiratory system
In which of the following cases can a state ignore a person's right to refuse treatment?
When the person is manic or psychotic
In the context of gender responses to stress, which of the following observations is true?
Women are more physiologically reactive than men to marital conflict.
Celeste went to a fraternity party on Saturday night and had too much to drink. Although the last thing she remembers is dancing with Paul, she does not recollect how she got home. Celeste is most likely experiencing:
a blackout
substance intoxication
a set of behavioral and psychological changes that occur as a result of physiological effects of a substance on the central nervous system
substance withdrawal
a set of physiological and behavioral symptoms that result when people who have been using substances heavily for prolonged periods of time stop or greatly reduce their use
stimulants
activate the central nervous system causing feelings of energy, happiness, and power, decreased desire for sleep and a diminished appetite
Which of the following is a central nervous system depressant?
alcohol
Which of the following is an example of a stimulant?
amphetamines
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
an organization created by and for the people with alcohol-related problems, 12 step program
substance
any natural or synthesized product that has psychoactive effects, changes perceptions, thoughts, emotions, and behaviors
_____ is the tendency to be impulsive, sensation-seeking, and prone to antisocial behaviors such as violating laws.
behavioral undercontrol
Antagonist drugs used to treat persons with substance dependence: a. block or change the effects of the addictive drug, reducing the desire for it. b. act in the same manner as antidepressant drugs. c. provide depressant effects similar to those of the addictive drug. d. provide stimulant effects similar to those of the addictive drug.
block or change the effects of the addictive drug, reducing the desire for it.
antagonist drugs
block or change the effects of the addictive drugs, reducing the desire for it
Alcohol is considered a ____ because it ____.
depressant; slows the central nervous system
_____ is by far the most heavily used stimulant.
caffeine
Which of the following substances has relatively low risk for tolerance?
cannabis
Morris was held in a mental health facility against his will. Such an action is called _____.
civil commitment
Jim is over at a friend's house to pregame before going out. He takes a substance that provides an instant rush of euphoria followed by heightened self-esteem, alertness, energy, and feelings of competence. He begins taking the substance regularly and develops symptoms such as grandiosity, hypersexuality, and impulsive behavior. He has most likely taken:
cocaine
The second stage of alcohol withdrawal includes _____, which may begin as soon as 12 hours after drinking stops but more often appear(s) during the second or third day.
convulsive seizures
The second stage of alcohol withdrawal includes _____, which may begin as soon as 12 hours after drinking stops but more often appear(s) during the second or third day. tactile hallucinations delirium tremens convulsive seizures blackouts
convulsive seizures
The third stage of alcohol withdrawal is characterized by:
delirium tremens
All of the following are withdrawal symptoms associated with opioids, EXCEPT:
delirium tremens.
Which of the following is true of the link between depression and the risk of recurrent heart attacks and mortality in individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD)?
depression doubles the risk
Hank began snorting cocaine about three years ago. He said the first high was the most astounding, exciting, mind-blowing experience he'd ever had. However, he has never been able to recapture that initial euphoria, and now he needs more and more of cocaine to get anywhere near his first experience. Hank has most likely:
developed a tolerance to cocaine.
motivational interviewing
developed to elicit and solidify clients' motivation and commitment to changing their substance use
The philosophy of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is based on the _____ model of alcoholism.
disease
substance use disorders
disorder that involves chronic difficulties in resisting the desire to drink alcohol or take drugs
Cocaine prevents the reuptake of _____ into the transmitting neuron, causing it to accumulate in the synapse and maintaining the pleasurable feeling associated with cocaine use
dopamine
Amphetamines release the neurotransmitters _____ and block their reuptake. acetylcholine and adenosine epinephrine and serotonin dopamine and norepinephrine glutamate and aspartate
dopamine and norepinephrine
substance dependence
drug addiction, people are dependent on, or addicted to a substance
Long-term users of this drug risk several cardiac problems and liver failure, and they show increased rates of anxiety, depression, psychotic symptoms, and paranoia. Another effect is teeth-grinding; some users even suck a baby's pacifier at parties to relieve this. Which drug is being discussed here?
ecstasy
Compared to Asians and Asian Americans, European Americans benefit more from:
explicit forms of seeking social support.
Binge drinking is defined as consuming:
five or more drinks within a couple of hours for men.
The insanity defense:
has increasingly become the defense for female survivors of domestic violence.
The notion of diminished capacity to abstain from performing an act refers to being:
incapable of resisting the impulse to commit the crime.
An individual who lacks the capacity to understand information, to think rationally about alternative courses of action, to make good choices, and to appreciate one's situation as a criminal defendant:
is likely to be judged incompetent to stand trial.
A problem associated with the M'Naghten rule is:
it requires that a person not know right from wrong at the time of the crime in order to be judged not guilty by reason of insanity.
harm reduction model
learning to use substances safely
phencyclidine (PCP)
manufactured as a powder to be snorted or smoked, not hallucinogen, many of the same effects though
Harvey was found to be so mentally incapacitated at the time he murdered his wife that it was determined he could not conform to the rules of society. Consequently, he is likely to be:
not guilty by reason of insanity.
The insanity defense:
only requires that the client be judged insane at the time of committing the illegal act.
Morphine, heroin, codeine, and methadone are all:
opioids
tolerance
people experience diminished effects from the same does of a substance and need more and more of it to achieve intoxication
All of the following are components of the Type A pattern as originally formulated, EXCEPT:
predictability of reactions.
hallucinogens
produce perceptual changes even in small doses
A verdict of guilty but mentally ill (GBMI) implies that the person should:
receive treatment.
The euphoric effects of ecstasy and some of the brain damage are considered to be due to alterations in the functioning of _____ in the brain. norepinephrine serotonin epinephrine dopamine
serotonin
The disease model of alcoholism followed by Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) predicts that because of biological, psychological, and spiritual deficits, _____.
some people will lose all control over their drinking once they have one drink
amphetamines
stimulants prescribed for the treatment of attention problems, narcolepsy, and chronic fatigue, Also found in antihistamines and diet drugs. (Ritalin, Adderall, and Sudafed)
Franco has fallen ill, lost his job and his wife has left him due to his problem with heroin. His friends and family are telling him that he is an addict because he is exhibiting:
substance dependence
_____ is a set of behavioral and psychological changes that occur as a result of the physiological effects of a substance on the central nervous system.
substance intoxication
Mac took a capsule at a party earlier in the evening and is now showing changes in the functions of his central nervous system that are manifesting in both behavior and physiology. He is most likely experiencing:
substance intoxication.
Clea has been using cocaine daily for a while now. However, for the past 24 hours, she has been without any cocaine and as a result is experiencing strange behaviors and physiological responses. Clea is most likely showing signs of:
substance withdrawal
Clea has been using cocaine for a while now. She has been without any cocaine for 24 hours and as a result is experiencing strange behaviors and physiological responses. She is most likely showing signs of:
substance withdrawal
relapse prevention programs
teach people who abuse alcohol to view slips as temporary and situationally caused
The ruling in Barrett v. United States (1977) established:
that temporary insanity created by the voluntary use of alcohol or drugs did not qualify a defendant for acquittal by reason of insanity.
gambling disorder
the inability to resist the impulse to gamble
methadone
used to achieve gradual withdrawal from heroin, opioid, less potent and less long-lasting effects than heroin when taken orally
inhalants
volatile substances that produce chemical vapors, which can be inhaled and which depress the central nervous system
substance abuse
when a person's recurrent use of substance resulted in significant harmful consequences comprising four categories: fails to fulfill important obligations, uses substances in situations when it is physically hazardous to do so (driving), legal problems with substance, and to use the substance continuously despite social and legal issues
The criterion of "dangerousness to self" is most often invoked:
when it is believed that a person is imminently suicidal.