Ch 14 Learning Curve

How do scholars now view Freedmen's Bureau officials?

As dedicated and idealistic

How did Reconstruction alter African American religion?

Blacks built separate churches.

This is a map of a plantation owned by the Barrow family in 1860 in central Georgia alongside the same land in 1881, after the Civil War. How did postwar sharecropping alter the lifestyle dynamics of blacks, according to this map?

Blacks spread out their domiciles.

Why was the Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution so unique in Western Hemispheric history?

By granting freedmen voting rights, the amendment gave ex-slaves full citizenship rights.

How did the Supreme Court ruling in U.S. v. Cruikshank (1876) weaken the Fourteenth Amendment?

By saying it did not apply to the actions of private citizens

How did sharecropping develop as an agricultural system in the post-Civil War South?

By way of strained, need-based negotiations between landlords and freedmen

Who championed the Civil Rights Act of 1875 and died before the act was passed?

Charles Sumner

Republicans in April 1866 successfully gathered two-thirds majorities to override President Johnson's vetoes and pass what act?

Civil Rights Act

Which of the following best assesses the role of Ulysses S. Grant in the impeachment crisis of 1868?

Grant had stepped down as secretary of war in favor of Edwin Stanton, precipitating the crisis.

What did President Andrew Johnson's opposition to the Fourteenth Amendment succeed in achieving?

Helping Republicans win an overwhelming majority in Congress in 1866

What was radical about the Fourteenth Amendment?

It defined citizenship in national rather than state terms.

Why did President Johnson veto the extension to the Freedmen's Bureau and the Civil Rights Act in 1866?

Johnson was racist.

Why were freedmen upset with President Johnson's amnesty plan?

Johnson's plan restored plantations to prior white property holders.

Why did wage labor not become common in cotton-producing areas of the South?

Landowners did not have the cash to pay wages.

How did President Lincoln's plan for reconstructing the South compare with Congress's 1864 plan for reconstruction, which was codified in the Wade-Davis Bill?

Lincoln's plan was more lenient.

By the time of the 1876 U.S. presidential election, Reconstruction governments remained in which three southern states?

Louisiana, Florida, and South Carolina

What group was behind the Reconstruction Act of 1867, which divided the conquered South into the five military districts shown here?

Radical Republicans

What was significant about the results of the 1866 congressional elections?

Republicans won enough seats to override President Andrew Johnson's vetoes.

This is a map of a plantation owned by the Barrow family in 1860 in central Georgia alongside the same land in 1881, after the Civil War. What institutions new in 1881 demonstrate the increasing social standing of freedmen?

School

Why did the Grant administration's reaction to the depression that began in 1873 deepen resentment toward Washington Republicans?

The administration rejected calls for providing relief for debt and unemployment.

What irony is the artist attempting to demonstrate to white men in 1870s America?

Their wives and daughters could not vote even though Irish people and African Americans could.

Why were the odds stacked against freedmen who became sharecroppers?

They could not escape debt.

What did Republicans in Congress do in 1865 to block implementation of President Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction plan?

They refused to admit southern delegates to Congress.

Which provision was part of the Wade-Davis Bill of July 1864, the first congressional plan for Reconstruction?

Those who had fought against the United States could not form new governments.

In the South of the late 1800s, sharecroppers found themselves tied to the land and in debt to landlords and merchants in a system of forced labor known as

peonage.