Ch. 14 Practice Questions

What is one of the main functions of the small intestine? a. absorption of nutrients b. absorption of water c. waste secretion d. vitamin conversion e. mineral secretion pg. 471

a. absorption of nutrients

The process by which larger molecules or structures are built up from smaller ones is called __________. a. anabolism b. catabolism c. metabolism d. carbolysis e. glycolysis pg. 490

a. anabolism

We do NOT have the enzymes to digest _______. a. cellulose b. sucrose c. lactose d. maltose e. starch pg. 478

a. cellulose

Deep folds of both the mucosa and submucosa in the small intestine that increase surface are known as _________. a. circular folds (plicae circulares) b. microvilli c. haustra d. villi pg. 471

a. circular folds (plicae circulares)

Which condition prevents pancreatic juices from reaching the small intestine to break down fats and fat-soluble vitamins? a. cystic fibrosis b. appendicitis c. gastroenteritis d. phenylketonuria e. tracheoesophageal fistula pg. 502

a. cystic fibrosis

When feces are forced into the rectum by mass movements and the wall of the rectum becomes stretched, the ____________ reflex is initiated. a. defecation b. sucking c. enterogastric d. rooting pg. 485

a. defecation

The process of physically and chemically breaking food particles down is referred to as ________. a. digestion b. defecation c. ingestion d. absorption pg. 463

a. digestion

Enzymes and bile are carried by the hepatopancreatic ampulla into the ________. a. duodenum b. jejunum c. ileocecal valve d. ileum e. large intestine pg. 470-471

a. duodenum

Ketoacidosis results from the incomplete breakdown of _____________. a. fats b. proteins c. glycogen d. nucleic acids e. cholesterol pg. 494

a. fats

The anterior chisel-shaped teeth that are adapted for cutting are the ________. a. incisors b. canines c. premolars d. molars e. wisdom teeth pg. 474

a. incisors

What anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth and limits its movements? a. lingual frenulum b. hard palate c. uvula d. vestibule pg. 465

a. lingual frenulum

Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are considered ___________. a. major nutrients b. minerals c. vitamins d. coenzymes e. minor nutrients pg. 487

a. major nutrients

Where does starch digestion begin? a. mouth b. pancreas c. large intestine d. small intestine e. stomach pg. 480

a. mouth

Hydrochloric acid is necessary in the stomach for the conversion of pepsinogen into its active protein-digesting form called ___________. a. pepsin b. rennin c. amylase d. peptidase pg. 469, 482

a. pepsin

Which two hormones promote the release of bile and pancreatic juice into the small intestine? a. secretin; cholecytoskinin (CCK) b. gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP); histamine c. somatostatin; secretin d. gastrin; histamine pg. 471, 483, 484

a. secretin; cholecytoskinin (CCK)

Which tissue layer contributes to the creation of the mesentery? a. serosa b. submucosa c. mucosa d. muscularis externa pg. 466

a. serosa

A stabbing victim sustained a perforation to his large intestine. From the outermost layer to the innermost layer, what is the order in which the knife penetrated his intestine? a. serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa b. serosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, mucosa c. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa d. submucosa, muscularis externa, sesrosa, mucosa e. mucosa, muscularis external, submucosa, serosa pg. 466

a. serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa

The total amount of kilocalories the body must consume to fuel all ongoing activities, which increases dramatically during physical exertion, is called the _________. a. total metabolic rate (TMR) b. homeostasis c. basal metabolic rate (BMR) d. body mass index (BMI) pg. 497

a. total metabolic rate (TMR)

Goblet cells in the mucosa of the large intestine produce mucus to lubricate the passage of feces. a. true b. false pg. 473

a. true

Muscularis externa typically contains an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer. a. true b. false pg. 466

a. true

The organs of the alimentary canal (gastrointestinal, or GI tract) are the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and anus. a. true b. false pg. 464-465

a. true

The pylorus region of the stomach is continuous with the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter (valve). a. true b. false pg. 467

a. true

The three subdivisions of the small intestine are duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. a. true b. false pg. 470

a. true

How many baby teeth will a child have by 2 years of age? a. 12 b. 20 c. 28 d. 32 pg. 474

b. 20

What are the collections of lymphatic tissue found in the submucosa of the small intestine? a. parietal cells b. Peyer's patches c. villi d. enteroendocrine cells pg. 471

b. Peyer's patches

The submucosal and myentric nerve plexuses that help regulate the mobility and secretory activity of the GI tract organs are both part of the _______. a. somatic nervous system b. autonomic nervous system c. sympathetic nervous system d. fight-or-flight mechanism e. central nervous system pg. 466

b. autonomic nervous system

After chewing food, you consciously decide to push the bolus to the back of your mouth into your pharynx with your tongue. What is this voluntary phase of swallowing called? a. ingestion b. buccal phase of deglutition c. mastication d. pharyngeal-esophageal phase of deglutition e. segmentation pg. 480

b. buccal phase of deglutition

What are the three subdivisions of the small intestine? a. cecum, colon, rectum b. duodenum, jejunum, ileum c. cardiac, body, pylorus d. ileum, cecum, rectum pg. 470

b. duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Which reflex inhibits the stomach's activities and slows the emptying of the stomach? a. rooting b. enterogastric c. sucking d. defecation pg. 483

b. enterogastric

Pepsinogens are produced by parietal cells in the stomach. a. true b. false pg. 469

b. false

The ascending colon travels down the left side of the abdominal cavity, and then it enters the pelvis where it becomes the sigmoid colon. a. true b. false pg. 473

b. false

The lacy apron of the peritoneum that covers the abdominal organ is called the lesser omentum. a. true b. false pg. 467

b. false

The mucosa is the outermost lining of the alimentary canal organs from the esophagus to the large intestine. a. true b. false pg. 466

b. false

The villi, microvilli, and circular folds of the large intestine all increase the surface area. a. true b. false pg. 471

b. false

The process of making glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as fats and proteins, is known as _________. a. glycogenolysis b. gluconeogenesis c. glycolysis d. glycogenesis pg. 495

b. gluconeogenesis

The major fuel for making ATP in most cells of the body is a type of carbohydrate known as ________. a. cellulose b. glucose c. starch d. saturated fat pg. 490

b. glucose

Nutrients detour through the liver via the _________. a. circle of Willis b. hepatic portal circulation c. Bowman's capsule d. electron transport chain e. glycogenesis pg. 495

b. hepatic portal circulation

Which organ is responsible for drying out indigestible food residue through water absorption and the elimination of feces? a. stomach b. large intestine c. small intestine d. pancreas e. liver pg. 472

b. large intestine

Jaundice indicates that bile has backed up into the ________ rather than entering the small intestine. a. large intestine b. liver c. stomach d. esophagus pg. 476

b. liver

Bile is formed by the _________ and stored in the __________. a. spleen; liver b. liver; gallbladder c. gallbladder; liver d. pancreas; gallbladder pg. 476

b. liver; gallbladder

Which lipoprotein transports cholesterol and other lipids to body cells? a. high-density lipoprotein or HDL b. low-density lipoprotein or LDL c. vitamin D d. cortisol pg. 496

b. low-density lipoprotein or LDL

________ refers to all chemical reactions necessary to maintain life. a. digestion b. metabolism c. homeostasis d. nutrition pg. 490

b. metabolism

The propulsive process that moves food from one organ to the next is called _______. a. ingestion b. peristalsis c. digestion d. mastication e. absorption pg. 477

b. peristalsis

Pepsin is necessary for the stomach to break down ________. a. carbohydrates b. proteins c. saturated fats d. polysaccharides e. nucleic acids pg. 482

b. proteins

The small intestine extends from the ____________. a. cardioesophgeal sphincter to the pyloric sphincter (valve) b. pyloric sphincter (valve) to the ileocecal valve c. ileocecal valve to the appendix d. appendix to the sigmoid colon e. gastroesophageal (cardiac) sphincter to ileocecal valve pg. 470

b. pyloric sphincter (valve) to the ilocecal valve

Which of the following features is NOT characteristic of the small intestine? a. Peyer's patches b. rugae c. villi d. circular folds (plicae circulares) e. lacteals pg. 471

b. rugae

The process by which food within the small intestine is mixed with digestive juices by backward and forward movement across the internal wall of the organ is called _____. a. peristalsis b. segmentation c. defecation d. digestion e. absorption pg. 477

b. segmentation

What does salivary amylase digest? a. protein b. starch c. fat d. vitamins e. minerals pg. 475

b. starch

The two intrinsic nerve plexuses the alimentary canal are the __________. a. solar; sympathetic b. submucosa; myentric c. autonomic; somatic d. mucosa; submucosa pg. 466

b. submucosa; myenteric

Which one of the following is NOT a modification designed to increase surface area for absorption within the small intestine? a. microvilli b. villi c. Peyer's patches d. circular folds e. plicae circulares pg. 471

c. Peyer's patches

Fat oxidation products can acidify the blood, a condition known as ________. a. cirrhosis b. alkalosis c. acidosis or ketoacidosis d. hepatitis pg. 494

c. acidosis or ketoacidosis

Which tube brings bile directly back into the gallbladder for storage? a. common bile duct b. main pancreatic duct c. cystic duct d. accessory pancreatic duct e. common hepatic duct pg. 476

c. cystic duct

The process of swallowing is also known as ______. a. mastication b. segmentation c. deglutition d. defecation e. absorption pg. 480

c. deglutition

Which one of the following is NOT a subdivision of the large intestine? a. cecum b. appendix c. duodenum d. colon e. rectum pg. 472

c. duodenum

What ceramic-like substance covers the crown of a tooth? a. cement b. root c. enamel d. pulp e. dentin pg. 475

c. enamel

What organ stores bile when food digestion is not occurring? a. liver b. pancreas c. gallbladder d. spleen e. the body has no capacity for bile storage pg. 476

c. gallbladder

The hormone responsible for promoting the release of pepsinogens, mucus, abd hydrochloric acid in the stomach is called __________. a. insulin b. cholecystokinin (CCK) c. gastrin d. secretin pg. 469, 471, 481

c. gastrin

What are the three main metabolic pathways involved in cellular respiration? a. gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, glycogenolysis b. anaerobic, aerobic, and fermenatation c. glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain d. lactic acid fermentation, alcohol fermentation, glycolysis pg. 490

c. glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain

The energy value of foods is measured in units called _______. a. BMI b. Hertz c. kilocalories (kcal) or Calories d. Joules pg. 487

c. kilocalories (kcal) or Calories

What protects the anterior opening of the mouth? a. uvula b. nares c. labia d. teeth e. salivary glands pg. 465

c. labia

What organs release secretions into the duodenum of the small intestine? a. pancreas, gallbladder, and spleen b. appendix and Peyer's patches c. liver, gallbladder, and pancreas d. cecum and appendix e. spleen, gallbladder and liver pg. 470-471

c. liver, gallbladder and pancreas

Haustral contractions _________. a. are powerful contractile waves b. propel food residue from the small intestine into the large intestine c. move food residue from one haustrum to the next haustrum within the large intestine d. occur three to four times daily e. propel food from the stomach into the small intestine pg. 485

c. move food residue from one haustrum to the next haustrum within the large intestine

Hydrochloric acid is necessary in the stomach for the conversion of pepsinogen to ________. A) acid B) rennin C) pepsin D) rugae E) gastrin pg. 469, 482

c. pepsin

Which sphincter, or valve, controls food movement from the stomach into the small intestine? a. ileocecal b. cardioesophageal c. pyloric d. anal pg. 467

c. pyloric

What does the enterogastric reflex accomplish? a. increases output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice b. stimulates the release of gastric juices c. slows the emptying of the stomach contents d. stimulates gallbladder to contract and expel bile e. stimulates emptying of the stomach contents pg. 483

c. slows the emptying of the stomach contents

Which digestive system organ is the target of gastrin? a. esophagus b. pancreas c. stomach d. small intestine e. liver pg. 481

c. stomach

What is the reflex that helps an infant hold on to the nipple and swallow? a. rooting reflex b. nursing reflex c. sucking reflex d. peristaltic reflex e. fetal reflex pg. 502

c. sucking reflex

What are the fingerlike projections of the small intestine that increase the absorptive surface area? a. haustra b. cilia c. villi d. rugae pg. 471

c. villi

Intrinsic factor, produced by cells in the stomach, is necessary for the absorption of vitamin _________ in the small intestine. a. B9 b. B3 c. B6 d. B12 pg. 469

d. B12

How are sugars and starches classified? a. nucleic acids b. lipids c. proteins d. carbohydrates pg. 488-489

d. carbohydrates

Gastric juice can back up from the stomach into the esophagus and cause heartburn. What sphincter, weakened by a hiatal hernia, can contribute this condition? a. upper esophageal sphincter b. pyloric sphincter c. external anal sphincter d. cardioesophageal sphincter e. ileocecal sphincter pg. 482

d. cardioesophageal sphincter

The process of eliminating indigestible residues from the GI tract is called __________. a. deglutition b. segmentation c. mastication d. defecation pg. 478

d. defecation

The sequence of steps by which large food molecules are broken down into their respective building blocks by catalytic enzymes is called __________. a. ingestion b. propulsion c. mechanical breakdown d. digestion e. absorption pg. 477

d. digestion

Which one of the following alimentary segments has NO digestive function? a. cardial region of the stomach b. pyloric region of the stomach c. mouth d. esophagus e. duodenum pg. 480

d. esophagus

Which sphincter operates under voluntary control? a. cardioesophageal sphincter b. internal anal sphincter c. pyloric sphincter d. external anal sphincter pg. 473

d. external anal sphincter

What do the enteroendocrine cells of the stomach produce? a. pepsin b. hydrochloric acid c. intrinsic factor d. gastrin e. gastric juice pg. 469

d. gastrin

Which of the following chemical reactions performed by the liver creates sugars from noncarbohydrate sources such as fats and proteins? a. anaerobic respiration b. glycogenolysis c. gluconeogenesis d. glycolysis pg. 495

d. gluconeogenesis

What is the first digestive process, which involves placing food in the mouth, to occur? a. segmentation b. mastication c. peristalsis d. ingestion pg. 477

d. ingestion

Which one of the following is continuous with the esophagus? a. nasopharynx b. oropharynx c. linguopharynx d. laryngopharynx e. esophagopharynx pg. 466

d. laryngopharynx

Which of these foods would be the most mineral-rich? a. cookies b. cereal c. pasta d. milk e. cake pg. 490

d. milk

Which one of the following represents the correct order through which food passes in the alimentary canal? a. mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine b. mouth, esophagus, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine c. pharynx, mouth, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine d. mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine e. mouth, pharynx, esophagus, small intestine, stomach, large intestine pg. 465

d. mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

The area in the mouth contained by the teeth is known as ________. a. vestibule b. uvula c. labia d. oral cavity proper e. lingual frenulum pg. 465

d. oral cavity proper

The majority of which accessory digestive organ is situated retroperitoneal? a. liver b. gallbladder c. salivary glands d. pancreas e. spleen pg. 475

d. pancreas

What organs are targeted by the hormones secretin and cholecystoskinin (CCK) to release pancreatic juice and bile into the small intestine for digestion? a. gallbladder, stomach, liver b. liver, spleen, esophagus c. stomach, spleen, large intestine d. pancreas, gallbladder, liver pg. 484

d. pancreas, gallbladder, liver

Which set of salivary glands are situated anterior to the ear? a. lacrimal glands b. submandibular glands c. sublingual glands d. parotid glands pg. 475

d. parotid glands

Enzyme-rich pancreatic juice contains all of the following EXCEPT ________. a. amylase b. trypsin c. nuclease d. pepsin e. lipase pg. 483

d. pepsin

What region is the terminal part of the stomach? a. cardia b. fundus c. grater curvature d. pylorus e. body pg. 467

d. pylorus

The neck portion of the tooth embedded in the jawbone is the _________. a. neck b. enamel c. crown d. root pg. 474

d. root

Large wrinkle-like folds in the stomach lining, present when the stomach is empty, that allow for expansion when the stomach is filling are called ________. a. villi b. haustra c. microvilli d. rugae pg. 467

d. rugae

The reflex that helps babies hold onto a breast (or bottle) and swallow is the _________ reflex. a. flexor b. rooting c. enterogastric d. sucking pg. 502

d. sucking

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is produced in greatest quantity during ____________. a. glycolysis b. the Krebs cycle c. protein metabolism d. the electron transport chain e. fat metabolism pg. 491

d. the electron transport chain

What is the purpose of mastication? a. to eliminate undigested food wastes from the body b. to propel food from one digestive organ to the next c. to transport nutrients into the blood and lymph d. to chew, grind and tear food into smaller pieces while in the mouth e. to move food back and forth along the walls of the small intestine pg. 474

d. to chew, grind and tear food into smaller pieces while in the mouth

Which one of the following is NOT a main role of the liver? a. detoxify drugs and alcohol b. degrade hormones c. make cholesterol d. process nutrients during digestion e. add ammonia to the blood pg. 494-496

e. add ammonia to the blood

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the digestion of proteins? a. trypsin b. pepsin c. chymotrypsin d. carboxypeptidase e. amylase pg. 478

e. amylase

Which of the following hormones influence the release of pancreatic juice and bile? a. rennin and cholecystokinin (CCK) b. gastrin and rennin c. cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin d. secretin and gastrin e. cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin pg. 484

e. cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin

Digestion is primarily controlled by the ___________. a. sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system b. medulla oblongata c. somatic nervous system d. pons e. parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system pg. 480

e. parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Which of the following is the outermost layer of the GI tract that lines the abdominopelvic cavity? a. mucosa b. submucosa c. visceral peritoneum d. muscularis externa e. parietal peritoneum pg. 466

e. parietal peritoneum

The enzyme responsible for converting milk protein in an infant's stomach to a substance that looks like sour milk is ________. a. pepsin b. salivary amylase c. pancreatic amylase d. bile e. rennin pg. 482

e. rennin

Where does protein digestion begin? a. pancreas b. mouth c. large intestine d. pharynx e. stomach pg. 479

e. stomach

Which of the following is NOT true of cholesterol? a. Cholesterol provides energy fuel for muscle contraction b. Cholesterol serves as the structural basis of steroid hormones c. Cholesterol serves as the structural basis of vitamin D d. Cholesterol is a major building block of plasma membranes e. Only about 15 percent of cholesterol comes from the diet. pg. 495-496

a. Cholesterol provides energy fuel for muscle contraction