Ch. 14 The brain and cranial nervs

C. suprachiasmatic nucleus

A lesion of the ___ would probably cause a person to sleep for random lengths of time during a 24-hour period. A. satiety center B. mammillary nuclei C. suprachiasmatic nucleus D. pituitary gland E. medial geniculate nucleus

C) medulla oblongata.

A patient with a traumatic head injury may exhibit vomiting as a result of irritation of nuclei in the A) pons. B) cerebellum. C) medulla oblongata. D) corpora quadrigemina. E) midbrain.

A) medulla oblongata

A small lesion in the brainstem which resulted in a rapid heart rate, intense vasoconstriction, and elevated blood pressure would probably be located in the A) medulla oblongata B) pons C) cerebellum D) hypothalamus E) cerebrum

B. postcentral gyrus in the left parietal lobe

After a stroke a patient complains about lack of sensitivity in her right hand. The stroke most likely affected the A. precentral gyrus in the right frontal lobe B. postcentral gyrus in the left parietal lobe C. precentral gyrus in the left frontal lobe D. postcentral gyrus in the right temporal lobe E. postcentral gryus in the left frontal lobe

b) cerebral peduncles.

As motor tracts descend to the brainstem they become the anterolateral surfaces of the midbrain known as the: a) substantia nigra. b) cerebral peduncles. c) inferior colliculi. d) inferior olives. e) accessory nerves.

d) integrate new sensory inputs with memories of past experiences.

Association areas: a) integrate outgoing motor information. b) correlate similar functions from different lobes on the same side of the brain. c) correlate information from opposite sides of the brain. d) integrate new sensory inputs with memories of past experiences. e) correlate similar functions from the same lobes on the opposite side of the brain.

A. lateral, third, and fourth; superior sagittal sinus

Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by choroid plexuses in the_____ ventricles and reabsorbed by arachnoid villi in the _____. A. lateral, third, and fourth; superior sagittal sinus B. lateral, and third; superior sagittal sinus C. lateral, third and fourth; central canal of the spinal cord D. later; central canal of the spinal cord E. lateral, third, and fourth; superior saggital sinus

C. to provide oxygen and nutrients to the nervous tissue

Cerebrospinal fluid serves these purposes except A. to regulate the chemical environment of the nervous tissue B. to rinse metabolic wastes from the nervous tissue C. to provide oxygen and nutrients to the nervous tissue D. to protect the brain from striking the cranium when the head is jolted E. to allow the brain to attain considerable size without being impaired by its own weight

B) pons

Consider the following five terms and determine which does not belong. A) medulla oblongata B) pons C) cardiac center D) pyramids E) olives

A. oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Damage to the ___ may affect near vision accommodation. A. oculomotor nerve (CN III) B. glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) C. facial nerve (CN VII) D. cardiac plexus E. celiac ganglion

D. substantia nigra

Degeneration of neurons in this structure, which inhibits unwanted body movements, leads to the muscle tremors of Parkinson disease A. cerebral crus B. tegmentum C. pons D. substantia nigra E. inferior colliculi

E. expression of emotional feelings.

Destruction of the amygdala would mostly affect A. awareness of objects. B. recognition and identification of objects. C. memory. D. cognition. E. expression of emotional feelings.

...

Determine which brain structure each of the following phrases describes. Then choose the structures that consist of gray matter. Check all that apply. A. Fibers that allow bilateral communication B. The origin of voluntary motor impulses C. The "gateway to the cerebral cortex" D. Fibers that allow different lobes of the same hemisphere to communicate E. The corticospinal tracts

C. the muscles are paralyzed, and body temperature, blood pressure, and heart and respiratory rates increase.

During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep A. the muscles relax, and body temperature, blood pressure, and heart and respiratory rates fall. B. the muscles are very relaxed and body temperature, blood pressure, and heart and respiratory rates are at their lowest levels. C. the muscles are paralyzed, and body temperature, blood pressure, and heart and respiratory rates increase. D. a person falls into light sleep. E. a person begins to relax and feels drowsy.

False

Epidural space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). True/False

Accessory (XI) Oculomotor (III) Hypoglossal (XII) Vestibulocochlear (VIII) Olfactory (I) Trochlear (IV) Glossopharyngeal (IX) Vagus (X) Optic (II) Facial (VII) Trigeminal (V) Abducens (VI)

From each drop-down list, choose the number that corresponds with the cranial nerve listed. Accessory Oculomotor Hypoglossal Vestibulocochlear Olfactory Trochlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus Optic Facial Trigeminal Abducens

A) nuclei.

In the CNS, clusters of gray matter containing cell bodies are called A) nuclei. B) pyramids. C) tracts. D) peduncles. E) ganglia.

A. cerebellum.

Loss of equilibrium and motor coordination would most likely be related to a lesion in the A. cerebellum. B. pituitary gland. C. limbic system. D. medulla oblongata. E. pons.

E. cerebellum.

Loss of equilibrium and motor coordination would most likely be related to a lesion in the A. limbic system. B. pons. C. pituitary gland. D. medulla oblongata. E. cerebellum.

Glossopharyngeal - Pain sensation on the tongue Accessory - Elevation of the scapulae Abducens - Lateral movement of the eye Hypoglossal - Tongue movement Optic - Visual acuity Trochlear - Infero-lateral movement of the eye Olfactory - Smell Trigeminal - Chewing Facial - Motor for muscles of facial expression Oculomotor - Pupil constriction Vestibulocochlear - Hearing Vagus - Inhibits cardiac muscle

Match each cranial nerve with its function. 1. Glossopharyngeal - Smell 2. Accessory - Visual acuity 3. Abducens - Pupil constriction 4. Hypoglossal - Infero-lateral movement of the eye 5. Optic - Chewing 6. Trochlear - Lateral movement of the eye 7. Olfactory - Motor for muscles of facial expression 8. Trigeminal - Hearing 9. Facial - Pain sensation on the tongue 10. Oculomotor - Inhibits cardiac muscle 11. Vestibulocochlear - Elevation of the scapulae 12. Vagus - Tongue movement

A. the thalamus

Nearly all the somatosensory input to the cerebrum passes by way of synapses in A. the thalamus B. the hypothalamus C. the epithalamus D. the cerebellum E. the reticular formation

A. the thalamus.

Nearly all the somatosensory input to the cerebrum passes by way of synapses in A. the thalamus. B. the hypothalamus. C. the epithalamus. D. the cerebellum. E. the reticular formation.

D. Broca area

Nonfluent aphasia, due to a lesion in the ___, results in slow speech, difficulty in choosing words, or use of words that A. only approximate the correct word. B. Wernicke area C. primary auditory area D. Broca area E. cerebral lateralization F. primary motor area

c) connect different regions of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere.

Projection tracts: a) connect different regions within a lobe. b) extend between the right and left cerebral hemispheres. c) connect different regions of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere. d) link the cerebral cortex to the caudal brain regions and the spinal cord. e) connect a region of one lobe with another lobe in the same hemisphere.

True

Purkinje cells are unusually large neurons found in the cerebellum. True/False

False

Structures in the midbrain control homeostasis and relay sensory signals to specific regions of the cerebral cortex. True/False

D. parietal; temporal

The ___ association area is responsible for perceiving and attending to stimuli, and the ___ association area is responsible for identifying them. A. temporal; parietal B. temporal; occipital C. frontal; occipital D. parietal; temporal E. occipital; frontal

B. superior colliculi

The ___ functions in visual attention, such as to look and follow the flight of a butterfly A. inferior colliculi B. superior colliculi C. tegmentum D. red nucleus E. substantia nigra

D. vestibulocochlear nerve (8)

The ___ is not a motor cranial nerve A. trochlear nerve (4) B. abducens nerve (6) C. hypoglossal nerve (12) D. vestibulocochlear nerve (8) E. accessory nerve (11)

C. the cerebellum.

The arbor vitae is a structure found in A. both the right and left cerebral hemispheres. B. the tegmentum in the midbrain. C. the cerebellum. D. the reticular formation. E. the diencephalon.

B. tight junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls

The blood brain barrier consists of A. gap junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls B. tight junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls C. gap and tight junc between astorycytes and enothelial cells that form the capillary walls D. desmosomes and tight junc between astrocytes and ependymal cells taht form the capillary walls E. gap junct between ependymal cells and endothelial cells that form the capillary walls

False

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) helps prevent hemorrhages in the nervous tissue of the brain. True/False

A. the medulla oblongata

The cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers are found in A. the medulla oblongata B. the pons C. the midbrain D. the spinal cord E. the diencephalon

C. caudal

The cerebellum is ___ to the cerebrum A. superficial B. deep C. caudal D. rostral E. medial

C) decussation of the pyramids in the medulla.

The fact that the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body is explained by the A) division of the cerebrum into two hemispheres. B) division of the cerebellum into two hemispheres. C) decussation of the pyramids in the medulla. D) need for contra-lateral control of body function. E) brainstem being below the midbrain.

D. commissural

The great majority of ____ tracts pass through the corpus callosum. A. ascending B. descending C. projection D. commissural E. association

c) the limbic system.

The hippocampus and amygdala are structures found in a) the medulla oblongata. b) the basal nuclei. c) the limbic system. d) the midbrain. e) the cerebral cortex.

...

The hypothalamus controls the posterior pituitary by A. stimulating its tissue to synthesize hormones. B. neuroendocrine reflexes. C. the hypophyseal portal system. D. None of the choices are correct. E. secreting hormones that enter capillaries, travel down the portal venules, and diffuse out into the pituitary tissue.

d) parietal lobe.

The lobe that is immediately posterior to the central sulcus and that is involved in general sensory functions is the: a) occipital lobe. b) insula. c) temporal lobe. d) parietal lobe. e) frontal lobe.

False

The medulla oblongata is the most rostral part of the brain. True/Falce

E. the myelencephalon

The medulla oblongata originates from A. the telencephalon B. the diencephalon C. the mesencephalon D. the metencephalon E. the myelencephalon

B) pons.

The part of the brain that connects the medulla to the midbrain is the A) cerebral peduncle. B) pons. C) cerebellum. D) thalamus. E) hypothalamus.

E. the epithalamus.

The pineal gland belongs to A. the thalamus. B. the hypothalamus. C. the occipital lobe. D. the midbrain. E. the epithalamus.

D. metencephalon

The pons and cerebellum relate with this secondary embryonic vesicle A. telencephalon B. diencephalon C. mesencephalon D. metencephalon E. myencephalon

C. neck movements.

The pons is not associated with A. lateral eye movements. B. sensory information from the inferior region of the face. C. neck movements. D. sensory information from the superior region of the face. E. sensory information from the middle region of the face.

D. upper motor

The pyramidal cells of the precentral gyrus are called ___ neurons A. stellate B. third-order C. first-order D. upper motor E. lower motor

B) descending motor tracts.

The pyramids of the medulla contain A) ascending motor tracts. B) descending motor tracts. C) ascending sensory tracts. D) descending sensory tracts. E) none of the above

C. gray matter; brainstem

The reticular formation is a web of ___ scattered throughout the ___ A. nerves; white matter in the cerebrum B. white matter; cerebellum C. gray matter; brainstem D. gray matter; cerebrum E. neurosomas; hypothalamus

B. stereotyped patterns such as walking, sleeping, or turning to attend to a sudden noise

The reticular formation is primarily responsible for _____. A. controlling breathing and regulating reflexes to maintain an upright posture B. stereotyped patterns such as walking, sleeping, or turning to attend to a sudden noise C. control and coordination of balance, hearing, and parasympathetic function D. motor coordination and the integration of complex muscle movements

c) sulci.

The shallow depressions between folds on the surface of the brain are called: a) ventricles. b) syncitia. c) sulci. d) gyri.

B. diencephalon.

The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus are derivatives of the embryonic A. telencephalon. B. diencephalon. C. mesencephalon. D. metencephalon. E. myelencephalon.

A. the cerebellum.

There are no cranial nerves associated with A. the cerebellum. B. the medulla oblongata. C. the pons. D. the midbrain. E. the thalamus.

True

There are three cranial nerves involved in eye movement and two in the sense of taste. True/False

the trochlear nerve (IV)

This figure shows the base of the brain. What does "8" represent?

the insula

This figure shows the lobes of the cerebrum, and some anatomical landmarks. What does "4" represent?

hypothalamus

This figure shows the major anatomical landmarks of the medial surface of the brain. What does "3" represent?

Pons

This figure shows the major anatomical landmarks of the medial surface of the brain. What does "7" represent?

C. the trigeminal nerve (5)

This is the largest of the cranial nerves and the most important sensory nerve of the face. A. the accessory nerve (11) B. the facial nerve (7) C. the trigeminal nerve (5) D. the hypoglossal nerve (12) E. the abducens nerve (6)

C. the trigeminal nerve (V)

This is the largest of the cranial nerves and the most important sensory nerve of the face. A. the accessory nerve (XI) B. the facial nerve (VII) C. the trigeminal nerve (V) D. the hypoglossal nerve (XII) E. the abducens nerve (VI)

E. the vagus nerve (X)

This nerve innervates most of the viscera in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. A. the hypoglossal nerve (XII) B. the accessory nerve (XI) C. the trochlear nerve (IV) D. the abducens nerve (VI) E. the vagus nerve (X)

E. Caudate nucleus

This nucleus both excites and inhibits the activities of the thalamus to control and adjust muscle tone. A. Globus pallidus B. Claustrum C. Putamen D. Amygdaloid body E. Caudate nucleus

E) both A and C

Walking a tightrope would activate what portion of the medulla? A) the pyramids B) the superior colliculi C) the olives D) both A and B E) both A and C

B. the fingers

Which body region is controlled by the largest area of the motor cortex A. the shoulder B. the fingers C. the toes D. the trunk E. the neck

D. vagus nerve (CN X)

Which nerve(s) carries the most parasympathetic fibers? A. facial nerve (CN VII) B. spinal nerves C. pelvic splanchnic nerves D. vagus nerve (CN X) E. nerves of the abdominal aortic plexus

C. painting a picture

Which of the following functions would most likely be controlled by the representational hemisphere of the cerebrum? A. diagnosing a patient's disease B. balancing your checkbook C. painting a picture D. giving a speech E. answering this question

A. Necessary because brain tissue is irreplaceable, and therefore must be well protected. ? B. Both brain barriers utilize tight junctions to keep harmful substance from getting to the tissue fluid of the brain. C. Alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, and anesthetics can all cross the brain barrier system. D. The brain barrier system is susceptible to trauma and damage.

Which of the following is a true statement about the brain barrier system? Check all that apply. A. Necessary because brain tissue is irreplaceable, and therefore must be well protected. B. Both brain barriers utilize tight junctions to keep harmful substance from getting to the tissue fluid of the brain. C. Alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, and anesthetics can all cross the brain barrier system. D. The brain barrier system is susceptible to trauma and damage. E. The blood-CSF barrier blocks CSF from leaking into the bloodstream.

B. The neocortex consists of pyramidal cells and stellate cells. C. All axons that leave the neocortex and extend into the cerebral white matter arise from the layers III, V, & VI of the neocortex.

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the organization of the human neocortex? Check all that apply. A. There are 4 layers of the neocortex. B. The neocortex consists of pyramidal cells and stellate cells. C. All axons that leave the neocortex and extend into the cerebral white matter arise from the layers III, V, & VI of the neocortex. D. The neocortex is well developed in all vertebrates. E. Axons are found in the most superficial layer of the neocortex.

A. The reticular formation is responsible for the ability to stand up straight. D. If you step on a tack, the signals causing the perception of pain travel through the reticular formation. E. The reticular formation helps you focus on one conversation in a crowded, noisy room.

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the reticular formation. Check all that apply. A. The reticular formation is responsible for the ability to stand up straight. B. The reticular formation aids the ability to catch a ball. C. Heart rate is regulated by the reticular formation. D. If you step on a tack, the signals causing the perception of pain travel through the reticular formation. E. The reticular formation helps you focus on one conversation in a crowded, noisy room.

A. Forebrain C. Midbrain D. Hindbrain

Which of the following is considered one of the neural tube's primary vesicles? Check all that apply. A. Forebrain B. Diencephalon C. Midbrain D. Hindbrain E. Neural crest

B) It contains nuclei for regulation of heart rate and blood vessel diameter.

Which of the following is correctly associated with the medulla oblongata? A) It gives rise to conscious thoughts. B) It contains nuclei for regulation of heart rate and blood vessel diameter. C) It contains enlargements called cerebral peduncles. D) It is the most superior portion of the brainstem. E) It relays sensory information.

...

Which of the following levels of the central nervous system plays a role in influencing the autonomic nervous system? Check all that apply. Cerebral Cortex Hypothalamus Spinal Cord Brainstem Basal Nuclei

C) Damage to the brainstem is usually fatal.

Which of the following statements concerning the brainstem is true? A) The brainstem consists of the medulla, pons, and cerebellum. B) The brainstem is responsible for higher level thinking skills. C) Damage to the brainstem is usually fatal. D) All twelve cranial nerves enter or exit from the brainstem. E) The brainstem is a relay for sensory input.

...

Which of the following statements is true regarding cerebral lateralization? Check all that apply. Left-handed people usually exhibit a wider frontal, parietal, and occipital lobe on the left compared to the same lobes on the right. One hemisphere is usually dominant over the other. Sequential and analytical reasoning is usually a specialty of the right hemisphere. Imagination, insight, and artistic skill are usually specialties of the right hemisphere. Lateralization develops with age and is not already developed at birth.