ch 14 whap
What are the similarities between the ways that the rulers of Muslim and Chinese empires used the new wealth circulating in global trade?
-Chinese and Muslim rulers glorified their regimes through magnificent architecture and art They promoted the arts and learning.
What best characterizes the effect of attempts to convert both Amerindians and Africans to Christianity during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?
Africans and Amerindians used Christianity to supplement their existing beliefs, not replace them
How did the literary culture of late Ming and early Qing China affect elite women's lives?
Because elite women could now write it changed the way men thought about them. Not only could women be great wives but they could also be great writers and even publishers.
What did Captain Cook and Christopher Columbus have in common?
Both of them changed local ecologies by introducing European flora and fauna to unfamiliar environments.
What were the consequences of the "native learning" movement promoted by some Japanese intellectuals?
Buddhism was branded a foreign contaminant of Japanese culture
What are the differences between China and the Islamic Empires?
China's internal market fueled its growth and culture, instead of the foreign trade that provided wealth to the Islamic Empires.
Francis Bacon's method of scientific inquiry asserted which of the following?
Conducting experiments was the only way that humans could begin to understand the workings of nature
How did Europe's cultural exchanges with the Americas and the Pacific compare with its exchanges with China and the Islamic world?
Contact, conquest, and commerce undermined indigenous cultural life. There was an unequal transfer of ideas and practices between Europeans and native peoples.
In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, what led the Japanese to consider how to control and integrate foreign learning (especially from China and Europe)?
Earlier, foreign ideas rarely traveled beyond coastal regions, but by the eighteenth century, expanded networks of exchange facilitated their spread throughout the country.
What are the reasons that Creoles in Spanish and Portuguese colonies were drawn to Enlightenment ideas?
Enlightenment ideas helped to justify their dissatisfaction with colonial rule.
How the arts were used by artists or their patrons to send a social message between 1500 and 1750?
European women such as Mary Wollstonecraft took up the pen to counter the belief that women could not act as rational beings.
What supported the Mughal nobility's lavish lifestyle?
Foreign trade brought in silver had advanced the money economy, which helped the nobility prosper.
What did Adam Smith see as a valid reason for creating an economy with less government regulation?
He believed that free and fair competition provided the best opportunity to produce wealth.
What was the early Mughal Empire's attitude toward the culture of South Asia?
Hindus and Muslims shared the flourishing of art, architecture, and music.
Explain the degree of intermarriage between European men and native women in the Americas? What motivated these degrees?
Initially, European colonists were overwhelmingly male
In what way was the U.S. Declaration of Independence an Enlightenment document?
It announced that all men were endowed with equal rights
How did popular culture in Tokugawa Japan subvert its social order?
It idolized groups such as actors, musicians, and courtesans, who were ordinarily at the bottom of the social hierarchy.
What can historians use as evidence that the ideals of the Enlightenment were not universally accepted?
Many governments employed censors and punished radical thinkers
What did the Ottomans see as evidence that the Islamic world had a monopoly on truth, enlightenment, and culture?
Military successes proved God's favor for their culture.
How did the European missionary presence differ in the Americas from that in East Asia before 1800?
Missionaries to the Americas were backed up by colonial officials and military power.
John Locke's notion of the tabula rasa and its implications:
People should be free to rise in society according to their talents
What types of characteristics did Carolus Linnaeus use to define racial categories?
Physical appearance and form of governance
In what way might the transporting of British prisoners to Australia be considered an Enlightenment concept?
Prisoners were to be removed from an environment that did not suit them and sent to a new one where they could reform.
What was the role of the Ottoman tekkes schools?
Schools that taught the devotional strategies and religious knowledge for students to enter Sufi order/become Sufi masters
What were the most popular books published in Ming China?
Study guides for civil service examinations
What are often seen as the epitome of the blending of Persian, Islamic, and Indian traditions?
Taj Majal
Why did Ming China escape the sectarian warfare that ravaged Europe?
The Chinese believed it was the emperor, rather than any religious group, that held the mandate of heaven, so no sect was favored over the others.
For what reason did the Chinese take little interest in the maps brought by Matteo Ricci?
The Chinese believed that Ricci's maps made China seem an unimportant country on the edge of the world.
In what way did the Islamic world in the period between 1500 and 1780 change from its earlier pattern of cultural development?
The Islamic world had developed three distinctive cultural traditions centered around the Mughal, Ottoman, and Safavid empires.
What were the important cultural achievements of the Safavids?
The Safavid Empire provided a home for Shiite Islam, and blended it with traditional Persian culture.
What were some of the broader consequences of the Enlightenment?
The expansion of literacy and the spread of critical thinking
Which group closed off the studies into European science, history, and geography begun by Ibrahim Muteferrika?
The ulama
Why did the Chinese devote a great deal of attention to astronomy and calendrical science?
They believed that the stability of the kingdom depended on the emperor's ability to calculate correct dates for festivals, court sessions, mourning periods, and agricultural work
How did Captain Cook's voyages to Australia reflect Enlightenment ideas?
They included scientists to describe and classify Australia's fauna, flora, people, and natural features.
How did Asante kings use the wealth they acquired from trade?
They showed their link to wealth and power by displaying gold-covered spears, maces, and elephant tails.
The goals of the authors of the Encyclopédie?
They sought to gather all the knowledge scattered over the face of the earth and to present it in useful form
What ideas did European Enlightenment thinkers hold in common?
They wanted to improve their societies and search for universal, objective knowledge
Which group of people was consigned to the bottom of Linnaeus's classification of people?
africans
Similarities between indigenous peoples in the Pacific and the Americas?
both groups had large numbers of people perish from European-introduced disease
What was the political rationale for monarchs such as Louis XIV and Charles II to support scientific academies?
if the crown was seen to support scientific progress, the great minds of the academies would also be seen to support the crown.
What type of significant artwork was produced by the Oyo Empire and Benin?
sophisticated bronzes
