ch 15 smartbook due 1/27

Which of the following familiar processes is/are spontaneous? Select all that apply.

A teaspoon of table salt dissolving in 1 L of boiling water. A ball rolling down a hill

Which of the following must be known in order to assess the spontaneity of a chemical reaction or physical process at a particular set of conditions? Select all that apply.

Change in entropy Change in enthalpy

What quantity is a measure of how spread out or dispersed a system's energy is?

Entropy

Which of the following familiar processes is/are spontaneous under the conditions stated? Select all that apply.

Iron rusting at room temperature Ice melting at room temperature

Two unknown reactions (A and B) are analyzed. It is found that reaction A is exothermic, while reaction B is endothermic. Which of these reactions is spontaneous?

Spontaneity cannot be determined from the given information.

Match each definition with the appropriate term.

Spontaneous process- A process that does occur under a given set of conditions Nonspontaneous process- A process that does not occur under a given set of conditions

Which of the following statements correctly reflect the relationship between the spontaneity of a reaction and the sign of ΔH? Select all that apply.

The sign of ΔH alone is not sufficient evidence to determine the spontaneity of a process. A negative value of ΔH favors spontaneity.

Match the different forms of motional energy of molecules with their descriptions.

Translational- The entire molecule moves through space. Vibrational- Atoms in the molecule move relative to one another. Rotational- Atoms spin about an axis running through the center of mass of the molecule.

Select the statements that correctly describe the microstates of a system, W. Select all that apply.

W is the number of energetically equivalent ways the particles of a system may be arranged. Entropy increases with the number of microstates. Increasing the temperature of a system will increase W.

Mathematically entropy is defined by the equation S = k ln W. W represents the number of possible arrangements, where mathematically W = XN. X represents the number of _____ containing N _____.

cells, atoms

In order to assess the spontaneity of a chemical reaction or physical process both the change in _____ and _____ associated with the reaction or process must be known.

enthalpy, entropy

The _____ of a system is a measure of the ways in which the energy of the system can be dispersed.

entropy

Match each symbol in the equation S = k ln W correctly with its definition. Instructions

s-entropy k-boltzmann constant ln-natural logarithm w- number of possible arrangements

What is the entropy of a system in which there is only one microstate?

s=0

Which of the following types of energy are forms of motional energy? Select all that apply.

translational rotational vibrational

True or false: If a process occurs spontaneously in one direction under a certain set of conditions, it does not occur spontaneously in the opposite direction under the same conditions.

true

True or false: The state with the largest number of possible arrangements has the greatest entropy.

true