Ch. 16 Disorders of Immunity

Which of the following commonly involve type I allergies?

-Food allergy -Eczema -Asthma -Hay fever -Anaphylaxis -Drug allergy

Secondary immune deficiency is acquired through:

-Infection -Organic disease -Chemotherapy -Radiation

Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with type I allergic reactions? Asthma Eczema Hay fever Lupus erythematosus correct Food allergy Drug allergy

-Lupus erythematosus

Which genes have been shown to correlate with certain autoimmune diseases?

-MHC 1 -MHC 2

A significant number of B-cell deficiencies are ______ and therefore appear at a higher rate in ______ children.

-X-linked -male

Three methods of preventing and treating allergies involve: ________ the allergen, taking _______ that block the action of lymphocytes, mast cells, or chemical mediators, and undergoing allergen ________ therapy.

-avoiding - drugs - desensitization

Histamine is a potent stimulator of:

-glands -smooth muscle -eosinophils

Predominant consequences of immunodeficiencies include:

-recurrent infections -opportunistic infections

Complement-assisted cell lysis, by antibodies directed at cell surface antigens, characterizes type ______ hypersensitivities.

2

The four distinct types of blood are referred to as the ______ blood groups.

ABO

refers to an exaggerated immune response that is manifested by inflammatory symptoms.

Allergies

Which of the following are involved in immune complex diseases?

Antibody-antigen complexes

Immune complex diseases are triggered by the formation of free-floating ________ - __________complexes that can deposit in tissues.

Antigen - Antibody

An immune complex phenomenon that develops after repeated injections at the same site is the:

Arthus reaction

The general term for a localized type I allergic reaction is:

Atopy

__________ is defined as a chronic allergy, such as hay fever or eczema, with localized and non-life-threatening effects.

Atopy

_____________ is defined as a chronic allergy, such as hay fever or eczema, with localized and non-life-threatening effects.

Atopy

The pathological condition arising from the production of antibodies against autoantigens is called a(n)

Autoimmune disease

Tissue destruction occurs in type III reactions when immune complexes deposit in the _______ _________of epithelial tissues.

Basement membrane

Allergies can be diagnosed ______ methods

By both in vivo and in vitro

Type II hypersensitivities involve:

Complement-assisted cell lysis by antibodies

Which of the following cell types is primarily responsible for graft rejection?

Cytotoxic T cells

Which of the following are potential mild and severe symptoms of anaphylaxis? Difficulties breathing Increased blood pressure Sneezing Itching Convulsions Prostration Fever

Difficulties breathing Sneezing Itching Convulsions Prostration

Which of the following methods are commonly used to prevent type I allergic reactions?

Drug therapy Avoiding the allergen Desensitization therapy

(t/f) Many B-cell immunodeficiencies are X-linked traits and therefore, occur most often in girls.

False

Which of the following is NOT a possible sign or symptom of anaphylaxis?

Fever

The most profuse and fastest-acting allergic mediator is ________, which has profound effects on smooth muscle and glands.

Histamine

Recurrent, overwhelming infections, often with opportunistic microbes, are consequences of a group of immune system dysfunctions called:

Immunodeficiency

he study of disease states associated with overreactivity or underreactivity of the immune response is called:

Immunopathology

Which of the following is characterized as a chronic autoimmunity disorder where immune complexes are deposited into the basement membranes of various organs resulting in dysfunction/tissue damage.

Lupus erythematosus

The majority of patients with type I allergies have ______ symptoms

Mild symptoms

Although about 30% of the human population are prone to allergies, the symptoms of the majority of type I allergies are relatively:

Mild/Minor

Which type of macromolecule is most allergenic?

Protein

An antigen on red blood cells that can trigger hemolytic disease in newborns due to incompatibility between maternal and infant blood components is the

Rh factor

The initial effective exposure to an antigen or an allergen that stimulates an immune response but generally elicits no symptoms is called a(n) ______ dose.

Sensitizing

One theory of autoimmunity is that during embryonic development, some antigens in some tissues are kept behind anatomical barriers and cannot be scanned by the immune system. This is called the ________ theory.

Sequestered antigen theory

Type IV hypersensitivities involve

T lymphocytes

The T-cell branch of the immune system is primarily involved in _______ hypersensitivity.

Type 4

An immune complex phenomenon that develops after a second injection at the site of the first injection, causing the area to become red, swollen, and painful is called:

an Arthus reaction

For the ABO blood groups, ______ reactive to another blood type may exist in serum even though contact with other blood types has never occurred.

antibodies

A pathological condition arising from the production of antibodies against self antigens is a(n) ______ disease.

autoimmune

The new growth and spread of abnormal cells is called

cancer

Cancer involves:

cells growing and spreading in an uncontrolled manner

Immunopathology is a disease state due to______ of the immune response.

either overactivity or underactivity

The most favorable sites to obtain bone marrow cells from a donor are on the:

ilium bone of the pelvis

Bone marrow is transplanted into the recipient by:

intravenous drip into recipient circulation