Ch 18 Creating and Managing Change
Proactive change
A response that is initiated before a performance gap has occured.
Reactive change
A response that occurs under pressure; problem-driven change.
genius of the and organizational ambidexterity
Ability to achieve multiple objectives simultaneously
Force-field analysis
An approach to implementing the unfreezing/moving/refreezing model by identifying the forces that prevent people from changing and those that will drive people toward change.
performance gap
An important contributor to unfreezing is the recognition of ____, which can be a precipitator of major change.
Strategy, Execution, Culture, and Structure
Authors Collins and Porras findings broke down into 4 key factors for achieving sustained greatness.
Moving
Begins with establishing a vision of where the company is heading.
Self-interest, misunderstanding, different assessments, management tactics
Change-specific reasons for resistance
Adapters
Companies that take the current industry structure and its evolution as givens, and choose where to compete.
Shapers
Companies that try to change the structure of their industries, creating a future competitive landscape of their own design.
Interia, Timing, Surprise, Peer pressure
General reasons for resistance on change
Moving
Instituting the change
Total organization change
Introducing and sustaining multiple policies, practices, and procedures across multiple units and levels.
Reactive change
Means responding to pressure after a problem has arisen, implies being a follower.
Unfreezing, Moving to institute the change, Refreezing
Motivating people to change often requires three basic stages
Unfreezing
Realizing that current practices are inappropriate and that new behavior is necessary.
Refreezing
Strengthening the new behaviors that support the change
Performance gap
The difference between actual performance and desired performance.
Adapters
They choose where they want to compete.
high-value products and earn superior profits
World-class companies create _____ and earn ____ over the long run.
Refreezing
involves implementing control systems that support the change, applying corrective action when necessary, and reinforcing behaviors and performance that support the agenda.
Proactive change
means anticipating and preparing for an uncertain future, implies being a leader and creating the future you want.
Being world class
requires applying the best and latest knowledge and ideas and having the ability to operate at the highest standards of any place anywhere.
tyranny of the or
the belief that things must be either A or B and cannot be both; that only one goal and not another can be attained.
organization development
the systemwide application of behavioral science knowledge to develop, improve, and reinforce the strategies, structures, and processes that lead to organizational effectiveness.
