Ch. 19

Which of the following countries consumes the most energy? A. China B. United States C. India D. Japan E. Saudi Arabia

A. China

Excluding the Middle East, which of the following regions has the greatest percentage of the world's natural gas reserves? A. Eurasia B. Africa C. North America D. Central and South America E. Europe

A. Eurasia

Shale oil development in North Dakota has resulted in all of the following except ______. A. High unemployment B. Housing shortages C. Rising crime D. Environmental degradation

A. High unemployment

The tremendous volume of oil that needs to be transported from North Dakota has bogged down the U.S. ______ transportation system. A. Rail B. Highway C. Air D. Barge E. Pipeline

A. Rail

Excluding the Middle East, which of the following regions has the greatest percentage of the world's oil reserves? A. Eurasia B. Central and South America C. North America D. Africa E. Europe

B. Central and South America

Seismic exploration for oil reserves in the ocean is thought to be responsible for which of the following environmental problems? A. Ingestion of hydrocarbons by marine larvae B. Harm to marine wildlife, such a whales C. Contamination to groundwater supplies D. Creating a dead zone near the ocean floor E. Triggering of shallow marine earthquakes

B. Harm to marine wildlife, such a whales

All of the following are products of crude oil refining EXCEPT A. Diesel oils. B. Natural gas. C. Naphtha. D. Liquefied petroleum gas. E. Kerosene.

B. Natural gas.

Producing oil from a well due to existing pressure caused by millions of tons of rocks pressing down and from Earth's heat is known as ______ production. A. Secondary B. Primary C. Tertiary D. Quaternary

B. Primary

Producing oil from a well as a result of pumping water in injection wells to drive the oil to the surface is known as ______ production. A. Quaternary B. Secondary C. Primary D. Tertiary

B. Secondary

In the United States, primary energy use ______ in the 60 years from 1949 to 2009. A. Halved B. Tripled C. Doubled D. Decreased E. Quadrupled

B. Tripled

The U.S. oil boom centered in North Dakota is producing oil from the ______ formation.

Bakken

At current rates of consumption, known oil reserves are expected to last another ______ years. A. 30 to 40 B. 10 to 20 C. 40 to 50 D. 20 to 30 E. 50 to 60

C. 40 to 50

Hydraulic fracturing of North Dakota's ______ shale produced roughly 1 million barrels of oil per day in 2014. A. Eagle Ford B. Marcellus C. Bakken D. Monterey E. Utica

C. Bakken

Which area of the world has both the most conventional natural gas and oil reserves? A. Eurasia B. North America C. Middle East D. Central and South America

C. Middle East

Oil, natural gas and coal are considered to be __________ because society is consuming them much faster than they are naturally produced. A. Fossil fuels B. Strategic C. Nonrenewable D. Continuous E. Hydrocarbons

C. Nonrenewable

Producing oil from a well by injecting steam into the reservoir rock to stimulate flow to the surface is known as ______ production. A. Secondary B. Primary C. Tertiary D. Quaternary

C. Tertiary

_____________ is a dense layer holding in natural gas and petroleum

Cap rock

______oil reserves hold crude oil that can be extracted with traditional oil wells.

Conventional

A heavy black oil that is often trapped in sticky, dense conglomerations of sand or clay is known as ______. A. Naphtha B. Paraffin C. Petrol D. Bitumen E. Diesel

D. Bitumen

Which of the following chemicals is used in fracking to kill the bacteria existing within the rock so they don't foul the equipment? A. Detergents B. Hydrochloric acid C. Formic acid D. Disinfectants E. Ethylene glycol

D. Disinfectants

Access to affordable energy is called ______. A. Environmental optimism B. Energy return on investment C. Energy independence D. Energy security E. Peak oil

D. Energy security

In 2013, the USGS estimated that 7.4 billion barrels could be recovered from the Bakken oil fields using ______. A. Primary recovery B. Tertiary recovery C. Secondary recovery D. Hydraulic fracturing

D. Hydraulic fracturing

Which of the following chemicals is used in fracking to help dissolve minerals within the rock? A. Acetaldehyde B. Disinfectants C. Ethylene glycol D. Hydrochloric acid E. Formic acid

D. Hydrochloric acid

What does the term "peak oil" mean? A. It represents an oil glut that occurs when conservation efforts lower demand. B. It is oil produced from tar sands or oil shale. C. It is the heavy oil at the bottom of the well that isn't economical to pump. D. It is the moment in time when oil reaches its highest production levels.

D. It is the moment in time when oil reaches its highest production levels.

At current rates of consumption, known natural gas reserves are expected to last another ______ years. A. 50 to 90 B. 30 to 70 C. 40 to 80 D. 20 to 60 E. 60 to 100

E. 60 to 100

Oil forms over millions of years when microscopic organisms die and are ______. A. Hydraulically fractured B. Concentrated in wetlands C. Eaten by bacteria D. Burned in forest fires E. Buried in sediment

E. Buried in sediment

Which of the following hydrocarbons is the heaviest and has the longest molecules? A. Kerosene B. Gasoline C. Naphtha D. Paraffin oil E. Lubricating oil

E. Lubricating oil

The volume of water required to frack a single well in the Bakken formation is around 11 ______ liters. A. Billion B. Trillion C. Hundred D. Thousand E. Million

E. Million

Which of the following was not harmed by the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil platform explosion and oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico? A. Sea turtles B. Bluefin tuna larvae C. Sea and shore birds D. Coral and oysters E. Oil-consuming bacteria

E. Oil-consuming bacteria

The amount of oil that is economically feasible to extract from a deposit using current technology is known as ______ oil reserves. A. Feasible B. Technological C. Economic D. Conventional E. Proven

E. Proven

True or False: Bacteria played an important role in breaking down the oil from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil platform explosion and oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico by consuming the more highly toxic chemicals in the oil.

False

True or False: Compared to coal, fracking causes similar environmental damage as mountaintop removal.

False

True or False: Contamination of shallow groundwater caused by fracking is primarily due to toxic fracking chemicals migrating from the deep shale formations.

False

True or False: Fracking into tight oil is similar to the technological development that has given us ever more powerful computers at declining prices.

False

True or False: Fracking wells can access a great portion of the oil deposit that surrounds them.

False

True or False: High natural gas prices in the United States have caused an increase in electricity production that uses coal.

False

True or False: In the United States, many energy security problems cannot exist because of fracking.

False

True or False: Oil extraction is financially inexpensive.

False

True or False: The oil made available by fracking technology is so plentiful that the United States can stop worrying about peak oil.

False

True or False: Water injection is the primary recovery method when an oil well is first drilled.

False

True or False: With more intensive oil production methods, the energy return on energy invested (EROEI) goes up and the cost goes down.

False

The type of sedimentary rock that is being hydraulically fractured in the Bakken formation to let the oil and natural gas trapped within escape is called ______.

Shale

The state of ______ is the largest oil producing state in the United States

Texas

Oil that is trapped inside impermeable rock deposits, such as shale, is known as ______ oil

Tight

True or False: Hydrocarbon deposits in Eurasia have a greater abundance of natural gas with respect to oil.

True

True or False: Modern society depends on petrochemicals in a variety of segments of the economy.

True

True or False: Oil consumption in the United States is decreasing.

True

True or False: Once the world is past peak oil, the demand will outstrip the supply.

True

True or False: Residents living near fracking localities are concerned about air, water, and soil pollution.

True

True or False: Tar sands deposits produces three or four times the amount of greenhouse gases as conventional oil production.

True

True or False: The United States has more than 700 billion barrels of tight oil in the Bakken, Eagle Ford, and other known reserves.

True

True or False: The rates of birth defects, headaches, and asthma in people living near oil refineries and petrochemical plants exceed national averages.

True