Ch. 19 multiple choice+short answer
Briefly describe the economic status of Italy during the 14th century
-city states that had republics with oligarchies or just city states -thriving international trade -guilds
Briefly describe humanism
-code of civil conduct, theory of education, and scholarly discipline -concerned with human values -no material reward for services rendered
How did the great schism disrupt the religious realm of 14th century Italy?
-elected French pope (Clement V) who stayed in Avignon—Italians did not like -conflict between the French and Italians resulted in the election in 1378 of 2 popes- Clement VII and Urban VI
How did the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II influence the sculptural tradition of Italy?
-nostalgia for the past grandeur of Rome—> a revival of interest in Roman sculpture
How does Giotto Lamentation reveal the essence of his style?
-shallow stage for figures -figures are sculpturesque, simple, and weighty -broad spectrum of grief -single event—> intense response and truth to human experience -each group has own definition -figures seen from back —> emphasize the foreground -spatial depth<—>light and shape -neutral light from steady face -perspective -synthesized dramatic narrative, holy lesson, and truth to human experience
Briefly describe the impact of the Black Death in Europe
-significant effect on art ~stimulated religious bequests -encouraged the commissioning of devotional images -burgeoning in hospital construction
The politics of the Italian city states were turbulent and violent. Governments were overthrown and reinstated. The Sienese government commissioned a series of frescoes offering a new view, the need for a fair and just administration. The artist of note for this series is which of the following?
Ambrogio Lorenzetti
The international style illustrated rich color, intricate patterns, and weightless figures. Which of the following work to pick the style?
Annunciation
Who is the architect for the cathedral of Florence?
Arnolfo di Cambio
The Most devastating natural disaster in Europe during the late 1300s was which of the following?
Black Death
The, Tabernacle of the Virgin Mary, located in Or San Michele is a memorial to which of the following?
Black Death
What event is credited with perhaps ending the careers of the Lorenzetti, Pietro, and Ambrogio?
Black Death
Giovanni Pisano's work shows which of the following?
Burgeoning naturalism
The work of Giovanni Pisano I seen in the pulpit for Sant' Andrea, Pistoia, shows a nervous energy and emotion not found in the work of his father. It can be said that the work of Giovanni shows an interest in which of the following?
Burgeoning naturalism
The Roman fresco tradition can best be seen in the work of which of the following artists?
Cavallini
The interior program of the Arena Chapel presents which of the following pictorial cycles?
Christian Redemption
The word Renaissance means rebirth. Which of the following was a revived interest at this time?
Classical culture
Which of the following would be a valid argument for Italy's renewed interest in humans values during the 14th century?
Crowded with classical monuments
Who most strongly influenced the art of Pietro Lorenzetti?
Duccio
The arena chapel was commissioned by
Enrico Scrovegni
This is Dorian, Giovanni Villani, wrote in the 14th century that the city was, "the daughter creature of Rome" suggesting a preeminence inherited from the Roman empire. Which of the following city states does this phrase describe?
Florence
In 1305, the college of cardinals elected a pope from which of the following countries?
France
Which of the following is a monastic order that influenced art through its stress on nature and the primacy of personal experience?
Franciscan
The frontality, stiff poses, and lack of modeling as seen in Berlinghieri's Saint Francis Alterpiece can be said to be which of the following?
Fundamentally medieval
He restored the naturalistic approach to painting as practiced in antiquity. He inaugurated a method of pictorial expression based on observation. He revealed nature and its visible order. This describes which of the following artist?
Giotto
This artist projected on a flat surface illusion of space. He also projected the illusion of solid bodies moving through that space. This description describes which of the following artists?
Giotto
Whose work is best characterized by the use of solid volumes resting firmly on the flood and horizontal surface of this earth?
Giotto
In Cimabue's Madonna enthroned with angels and prophets , the artist has revealed a formality and dignified presentation with careful structure and symmetry. This work also illustrates the influence byzantine models. Which of the following best describes this work?
It is the final summary of Byzantine art before it's transformation
Which of the following is the sculptor whose work showed the greatest influence of the forms of classical antiquity?
Nicola Pisano
Which city was at its height of political and economic power when it employed the talents of the sculptor Nicola Pisano?
Pisa
Which of the following cities established itself as a major shipping power?
Pisa
Which of the following cities was considered the rightful capital of the Roman catholic church?
Rome
Which of the following characterized the art of pietro cavallini?
Sculptural rendering
Which of the following works describes the Roman school of painting that replaced Byzantine stylized dignity with the careful depiction of light?
Seated Apostles
Giotto's enthroned madonna reflected the new trend toward naturalism and classical modeling of the figures. Which of the following describes this new trend?
The Virgin is solid and has mass
The tabernacle of the Virgin Mary recalls medieval association of precious materials with the holy themes. Which of the following supports Association?
The lavish ornamentation
Which of the following is a medieval element depicted on the pulpit for the Baptisery of Pisa Cathedral?
Trilobed arches
Duccio's work occupies the very center of the sanctuary and must be splendid and rich in conveying its precious message. which of the following work does this describe?
Virgin and child enthroned with saints (maestà)
Which of the following was the function of Or San Michele?
a guild church
What are confraternities?
lay people dedicated to strict religious observance
What did Giotto incorporate into his work at the Arena Chapel?
stage-like settings
What did the humanist cult of fame emphasize?
the importance of creative individuals
What did the guilds protect?
the members' economic interest
What element did Duccio bring to the Maestà?
the modeled figures
The triumph of death is a powerful depiction of death in the folly of pleasure and the inevitability of death. The Dominicans, an order committed to a life of poverty, participated in the design of this work. Based on this which of the following groups would be portrayed in a negative light?
the young aristocrats
Which of the following was characteristic of the work of Simone Martini?
use of elegant flowing contour
