Ch 2
The nurse is preparing to submit a research project to the institutional review board (IRB). The nurse understands that which is the purpose of the IRB?
Ensure the ethical treatment of all participants
A nurse studies the culture of Native Alaskans to determine how their diet affects their overall state of health. Which method of qualitative research is the nurse using?
Ethnography
When looking at a model for evidence-based practice, what is the final step of the process?
Evaluating practice change
A nurse is planning to conduct a nursing research study and is seeking federal funding. Which institution would be most helpful for the nurse to contact regarding acquiring funding?
National Institute of Nursing Research
A nurse researcher is collecting nominal data. What type of research is being conducted?
Quantitative research
A nurse is reading a journal article about evidence-based practice. The nurse understands that this practice is an outcome of which type of research?
Translational
One of the primary reasons for conducting nursing research is to:
generate knowledge to guide practice.
Four concepts common in nursing theory that influence and determine nursing practice are
(1) the person (patient), (2) the environment, (3) health, and (4) nursing
When conducting quantitative research, the researcher collects information to support a hypothesis. This information would be identified as:
Data
A nurse researcher develops a foreground question in preparation for conducting a research study. The question is: "In clients with intravenous catheters, how does replacing administration sets every 72 hours (h) compared with other frequent intervals (24h, 48h, or 96h) decrease infection rates?" Applying the PICO framework, which part of the statement reflects the "O"?
Decrease infection rates
What nursing activity forms the bridge between theory and practice?
Evidence-based research
Which theory emphasizes the relationships between the whole and the parts, and describes how parts function and behave?
General systems theory
Which are goals of nursing theory? (Select all that apply.)
Increase the nursing body of knowledge Identify and define concepts that are important to nursing Provide a rationale for appropriate nursing actions in a given situation Provide knowledge and a rationale for client interventions
Which theory describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice?
Nursing theory
A nurse is developing a foreground question for nursing research using the PICO model. Which component would be represented by the statement, "a 45-year-old male with coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation"?
P
Knowledge gained from someone with a great deal of perceived experience is which type of knowledge?
Authoritative knowledge
A student nurse asks an experienced nurse why it is necessary to change the patient's bed every day. The nurse answers: "I guess we have just always done it that way." This answer is an example of what type of knowledge?
Traditional Knowledge
concept
abstract images (ideas) that are formed as impressions from the environment and organized into symbols of reality
nursing theory
conceptualizes an aspect of nursing to describe, explain, predict, or prescribe nursing care
applied research
research designed to directly influence or improve clinical practice
basic research
research designed to generate and refine theory; the findings are often not directly useful in practice
conceptual framework or model
set of concepts, along with the statements that arrange the concepts into an understandable pattern
What type of research study would a hospital conduct to explore clients' and families' perceptions of receiving care?
Qualitative
evidence-based practice
in nursing is a problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions, using the best evidence available
Quantitative Research
involves the concepts of basic and applied research. Basic research, sometimes called pure or laboratory research, is designed to generate and refine theory, and the findings are often not directly useful in practice. Applied research, also called practical research, is designed to directly influence or improve clinical practice.
Which activity best helps the nurse apply theory to practice?
Evidence-based research
A nurse is using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice (JHNEBP) model PET as a clinical decision-making tool when delivering care to patients. Which steps reflect the intended use of this tool? Select all that apply.
A nurse recruits an interprofessional team to develop and refine an EBP question. A nurse searches the Internet to find the latest treatments for type 2 diabetes. A nurse questions the protocol for assessing postoperative patients in the ICU.
A nurse is formulating a clinical question in PICOT format. What does the letter P represent?
Explicit descriptions of the population of interest
Who is considered to be the first nursing theorist who conceptualized nursing in terms of manipulating the environment?
Florence Nightingale
Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and:
use of outcome studies to guide decisions.
A student nurse interacting with patients on a cardiac unit recognizes the four concepts in nursing theory that determine nursing practice. Of these four, which is most important?
Person
The second step in implementation of evidence-based practice includes systematic review. To complete a systematic review of the literature, what must the nurse do?
Summarize findings from multiple studies that are related to a particular nursing practice.
Which theory describes how humans adjust to life with other living things and with the environment?
Adaptation theory
A charge nurse meets with staff to outline a plan to provide transcultural nursing care for patients in their health care facility. Which theorist promoted this type of caring as the central theme of nursing care, knowledge, and practice?
Madeline Leininger
A nurse researcher must decide on the method for conducting the research. The researcher that plans to emphasize collection of numerical data and analysis would select which method of research?
Quantitative research
A nurse is conducting quantitative research to examine the effects of following nursing protocols in the emergency department (ED) on patient outcomes. This is also known as what type of research?
Quasi-experimental
Qualitative Research
is a method of research conducted to gain insight by discovering meanings. At its core is the idea that reality is based on perceptions, which differ for each person and change over time.
A nurse researcher who plans to collect and analyze data for the purpose of improving clinical practice should select which method of research?
Applied research
A community health nurse has been visiting a diabetic client whose morning fasting glucose levels are constantly elevated. Upon further assessment, the nurse determines that the client's spouse does not understand how to prepare meals following the prescribed diabetic diet. Using Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory, how can the nurse help meet the needs of this client?
Arrange an evaluation appointment with a dietitian.
A nurse develops the following foreground question using the PICO format in preparation for a research study: "In overweight clients, how do chromium supplements compared to no supplements help with weight loss?" Which part of the question reflects the intervention?
Chromium supplements
Which is a focus of medical research rather than nursing research?
Drug metabolism
A nurse who works in a pediatric practice assesses the developmental level of children of various ages to determine their psychosocial development. These assessments are based on the work of:
Erikson.
A nursing theorist examines a hospital environment by studying each ward and how it works individually, and then relates this information to the hospital as a whole working entity. This is an example of the use of which theory?
General systems theory
What is the best explanation for the way evidence-based practice (EBP) has changed the way nursing care is delivered?
Nursing care now uses EBP as a means of ensuring quality care.
Nurses in an ICU noticed that their clients required fewer interventions for pain when the ICU was quiet. They then asked a researcher to design a study about the effects of noise on the pain levels of hospitalized clients. How does this demonstrate the ultimate goal of expanding the nursing body of knowledge?
Nursing research helps improve ways to promote and maintain health.
P in PICO stands for
Patient, population, or problem of interest Need for explicit description; may include setting, limiting to subgroups (such as by age)
A nurse manager schedules a clinic for the staff to address common nursing interventions used in the facility and to explore how they can be performed more efficiently and effectively. The nurse manager's actions to change clinical practice are an example of a situation described by which nursing theory?
Prescriptive theory
A nurse is using general systems theory to describe the role of nursing to provide health promotion and patient teaching. Which statements reflect key points of this theory? Select all that apply.
The whole system is always greater than the sum of its parts. Boundaries separate systems from each other and their environments To survive, open systems maintain balance through feedback..
Which statement best explains the importance of theoretic frameworks?
Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice.
A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "My grandmother always told me that I needed to include beans in my diet so that my muscles would grow." The information that the client is expressing is known as what?
Traditional knowledge
A nurse is preparing to conduct a research study and uses the PICO format to develop the foreground question which is: "In adults, does reducing salt intake, compared to no change in salt intake, lower blood pressure?" The nurse identifies the "P" as:
adults.
When the nurse researcher informs the participant that the participant's identity will not be linked with the information that is collected, the researcher is ensuring the participant's:
confidentiality.