ch 2 & 3 test

Chemical bond created by the attraction of cations and anions

ionic bond

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

isotope

Maltase is an enzyme that breaks down maltose. If a maltase enzyme has just completed catalyzing the decomposition of maltose, then

it is available to catalyze the same reaction with another maltose molecule.

Under anaerobic conditions, the end-product of glycolysis is converted to

lactic acid

The sum of the number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

mass number

Cells obtain energy by ________ food molecules such as glucose.

oxidizing

The bond between adjacent amino acids is a(n) ________ bond.

peptide

Match the type of lipid with its function. 1. Form adipose tissue and provide energy 2. Main component of cell membranes 3. Include hormones, cholesterol, and bile salts 4. Regulation of inflammation and aid in nervous system communication

1. Triglycerides 2. Phospholipids 3. Steroids 4. Eicosanoids

1. In a covalent bond, the bond can be either polar or _________. 2. Polarity deals with the ________ of electrons between the atoms. 3. Each atom can have a slight _______. 4. These charges dictate of each atoms will share the _________. 5. Non polar bonds means there is equal sharing of electrons; polar bonds have _______ sharing.

1. nonpolar 2. sharing 3. charge 4. electrons 5. unequal

Match the monomer with the appropriate macromolecule. 1. protein 2. carb 3. nucleic acid

1. protein = amino acid 2. carb = sugar 3. nucleic acid - nucleotide

The NET result of a single glycolysis run is the formation of

2 NADH AND 2 ATP.

Which of the following is the location of the reaction on an enzyme?

Active site

Which of the following correctly represents the mechanism of enzyme function? E = enzyme S = substrate P = product

E + S -> E-S -> E-P -> E + P

All organic compounds contain

Carbon

Energy is the capacity to do work. Energy comes in two forms: kinetic and potential energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Potential energy is stored energy. Plants convert solar energy to chemical energy (a potential energy source). Chemical energy is used to do work in cells because the bonds in molecules contain ____________ energy. Eventually, all solar energy absorbed by plants dissipates as heat.

Energy is the capacity to do work. Energy comes in two forms: kinetic and potential energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Potential energy is stored energy. Plants convert solar energy to chemical energy (a potential energy source). Chemical energy is used to do work in cells because the bonds in molecules contain potential energy. Eventually, all solar energy absorbed by plants dissipates as heat.

Select all the stages of cellular respiration.

Glycolysis intermediate stage Citric acid cycle Electron transport system

The following is a dehydration synthesis reaction. Which of the following correctly fills in the missing molecules? C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 --> _______ + __________

H2O + C12H22O11

Understand atomic number and atomic mass of atom to be able to label each from a pic

Ie: hydrogen, carbon, itrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur

Select all that are functions of proteins.

Movement Transport of nutrients

Which of the following best describes the reduction of the coenzyme NAD?

NAD+ + H -> NADH

Organic molecules always contain carbon and ____________ atoms. Carbon atoms are unique in that their outer shell needs ____________ additional electrons to be complete. If two carbon atoms share a pair of electrons, it is called a ____________ bond. If two carbon atoms share two pairs of electrons, they have a ____________ bond.

Organic molecules always contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. Carbon atoms are unique in that their outer shell needs 4 additional electrons to be complete. If two carbon atoms share a pair of electrons, it is called a single covalent bond. If two carbon atoms share two pairs of electrons, they have a double covalent bond.

What type of bonding involves the unequal sharing of electrons?

Polar covalent bonding

What type of organic molecule comprises the majority of a potato?

Polysaccharides

What is the name of the positively charged subatomic particle?

Proton

True or False? The number of electrons in the valence shell determine what types of bonds an atom can form.

True

A hydrogen atom consists of

a proton and an electron.

The electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom

valence electrons

Intramolecular bonding of polypeptide chains produces numerous ____________ and beta sheets.

alpha helices

When old chemical bonds are broken and new ones formed, this is called a

chemical reaction

Chemical bond where electrons are shared between atoms

covalent bond

The amount of which subatomic particle is different between an atom and its ion?

electrons

Amino acids link together end-to-end, forming the ____________ structure of proteins.

primary

Enzymes are

proteins

More than one globular or fibrous protein subunit now interact to produce ____________ structures, which result from ionic and hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions.

quaternary

Chemical properties of amino acid groups within a sequence interact with one another in ____________ protein structure, resulting in hydrogen bonding and chain folding.

secondary

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that binds DNA but is unable to bind RNA. This best displays the enzyme characteristic of

substrate specifically

Globular and fibrous shapes are created with ____________ structure of proteins caused by further folding due to disulfide bridges, hydrophobicity, and Van der Waals forces.

tertiary

What does pH measure?

the amount of hydrogen ions in a solution

True or False? Triglycerides contain many covalent bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms. Therefore, they contain a large amount of chemical potential energy.

true