CH. 2 People of Marine Science Quiz

Leader of China's incredible fleet during the Middle Ages. His fleet consisted of 317 ships and 37,000 men. They explored the Indian & Atlantic Oceans and Africa.

Admiral Zheng He

These people discovered that the earth possessed magnetism towards the poles. Invented the compass and made many advances in ship building that included the invention/application of the central rudder and water-tight compartments.

Chinese

He set out to India. But, instead of going all the way around the Cape of Good Hope, he decided to try and sail west to reach the eastern portion of China. Instead he landed in the Caribbean. Until he died, he had believed that he had found a new route to India, but in actuality he had discovered "The New World."

Columbus

He came up with the hypothesis that concluded that coral reefs grow upward as the sea floor sinks. He also joined the H.M.S. Beagle expedition where he came up with the theory of natural selection and evolution of species.

Darwin

He was sent to the Americas from Queen Elizabeth to steal from the Spanish ports and ships. He realized he was a wanted man and could not make it back to England along the same route he originally embarked upon. Instead he decided to sail West - across the Pacific and Indian Oceans to get back to England. Upon his return, he showed the Queen all of the treasures that he had taken and subsequently knighted by her.

Francis Drake

The first peoples to use the stars and moon for celestial navigation. Made many advances in science, math, and medicine. Stored most of their documents in the Library of Alexandria. The library later was destroyed and much of this information was lost.

Greeks

Inventor of the chronometer

Harrison

Introduced the first SCUBA in 1878. It recirculated pure oxygen.

Harry Fleuss

Introduced the first practical SCUBA in 1943. The suit delivered compressed air to the diver & provided air only when the diver inhaled.

Jacques Cousteau

Went on 3 voyages. Circumnavigated Antarctica. Led the first expedition for the sole purpose of science and exploration. He was looking for the "Southern Continent". He & his crew were killed in Hawaii looking for a passage connecting the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans above North America.

James Cook

This guy attempted to sail completely around the world. It turned out to be very costly -- left with 5 boats and 260 men, but only one boat and 18 men actually completed the trip. This person did not complete the trip because he was killed by islanders in the Philippians during the voyage.

Magellan

This man set off to China with his father and uncle at just age 17. They saw some amazing things and were amazed by the advancement of the Chinese culture. He headed back Europe to share what he saw. His findings were transcribed in a book, but no one believed it -- people called the book a "One Million Lies." Much of what was in the book was later verified by future traders/explorers.

Marco Polo

Known as the "Father of Oceanography" He proved that ships could use ocean winds and currents to cross the ocean faster

Maury

A group of people that were motivated by trade to sail within the Mediterranean Sea. Established many of the trade routes there. However, typically only travel during the day and in sight of land. This type of navigation is called piloting.

Phoenicians

These people were the first open-ocean seafarers. Inhabited an area of 7 million square miles, but most of the area was open-ocean and small islands (600X more water than land).

Polynesians

This guy attempted to sail from Portugal to India by going around the Cape of Good Hope. Two other expeditions had unsuccessfully tried it before. He was the first to actually make the voyage.

Vasco De Gamma

Scandinavian people that raided much of Europe. One man, Leif Erikson, on his way from Norway to Greenland was blown off course and ended up in Newfoundland, Canada. He was the first European to step foot in the Americas.

Vikings