ch 20 hist 101

What impact did the presence of a European immigrant or immigrant-descended population have on a colony's transition to independence?

A settler presence prevented the smooth transition of power

Why did the development of more effective nuclear weapons ultimately make direct confrontation between the US and the USSR to be less likely?

Because a conflict involving nuclear weapons had acquired the potential to destroy the world

Why did communism lose its appeal in post-WWII western Europe?

Because strong economic growth led to increased standards of living and expanded access to services like education and health care

How did Pacific Rim nations such as South Korea and Taiwan escape the Third World cycle of poverty and dependence?

By using regulation to promote new industries and requiring multinationals to cooperate with local firms

During WWII, the Axis powers consisted of:

China, Japan, and the Soviet Union

An example of a Third World nationalist who embraced Marxism as his guiding philosophy was:

Ho Chi Minh

All of the following characterize India's experiences after its independence except:

Indian independence occurred without violence or bloodshed

What impact did World War II have on Social Darwinist justifications for colonialism?

It disproved European claims that they possessed a superior civilization

At the end of World War II, atomic bombs were used to attack_______.

Japan

The Soviet leader who sought to separate Stalinism from "true" communism was______.

Khrushchev

Which of the following groups of Americans had not begun to fight for civil rights and social justice by the end of the 1960s?

Muslims

The cartel that shifted the terms of trade in favor of oil-producing nations during the 1970s was:

OPEC

The newly formed United Nations ordered that this British colony should be partitioned into two separate national states in 1947

Palestine

Which of the following was NOT the site of a Cold War confrontation between 1945 and 1975?

South Africa

Which countries' leaders worked together to determine the direction of the world after World War II?

The US, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain

What impact did multinational corporations have on Third World countries?

They expanded countries' agricultural and manufacturing sectors, but at the expense of future locally directed growth

Many leaders of African anticolonial movements were:

Western-educated, charismatic individuals

Under what circumstances did the Cold War become a "hot" war?

When the United States and the Soviet Union armed their Third World allies and encouraged their conflicts

In post-World War II western Europe, the "woman question" concerned what new problem?

Women were making gains in the workplace, but without a proportional decrease in domestic responsibility

Which of the following is not a reason why World War II can be described as a worldwide, total conflict?

World War II led to a reassessment of all the major prewar forms of government

All of the following were ways in which the United States responded to radicalism in Latin America except:

accepting the right of Latin American peoples to choose their own form of governance

During the 1950s and 1960s, Third World leaders believed all of the following except:

alliance with the Western powers provided the greatest opportunity for political recognition

The onset of the Cold War transformed Japan's position from World War II loser to:

an important ally of the US in the fight against communism

Apartheid-era South Africa was able to gain international recognition and support by reminding the world that it was _______

anticommunist

How did Japan justify its conquest of neighboring territory during World War II?

by claiming that it was driving out European imperialists and establishing "Asia for the Asians"

At the beginning of the Cold War, American policy toward communism was to __________ it

contain

American actions in Vietnam during the 1960s and 1970s were an example of its _________ policy

containment

"Prague Spring" served as a symbol for:

dissenters from the authoritarianism of the Soviet Union

Which of the following was not a feature of South Africa's apartheid system?

each different race was recognized as having equal claims to land and resources

Which of the following characteristics was not shared by the Germans and Japanese during World War II?

encouraging veneration of the emperor in order to mobilize support for the war

The Soviet Union responded to the creation of NATO by:

establishing the Warsaw Pact

After Indian independence, Mohandas Gandhi remained one of the key leaders responsible for its social and economic direction.

false

Legal solutions to racial inequality, such as the Civil Rights Act, eliminated the problems of racism and racial separatism in American society.

false

Support from the United States allowed the Chinese Nationalists to win the civil war after World War II.

false

The Cold War superpowers stayed out of civil wars in Third World countries, believing that such conflicts had to be resolved internally.

false

World War II undermined anticolonial movements in Africa because their leaders were discredited by their cooperation with the European powers during the war.

false

At the end of WWII, communism appealed to many Europeans because:

it seemed to be an effective way to build powerful, egalitarian modern states

The Holocaust is the term given to Germany's murder of 6 million _________ during WWII

jews

During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union expected that Third World countries would:

join one or the other of the two opposing Cold War camps

One of the underlying causes of World War II was:

lingering resentment over the punitive treaties imposed after World War I

In comparison with life in First World countries, life for ordinary people in Second World countries provided:

lower standards of living, but higher levels of economic security

During the 1950s, American anxiety about communism was expressed through all of the following except:

making American society more egalitarian so that communism would be less appealing

Which of the following was not a pattern that emerged during the post-WWII wave of decolonizations?

negotiated transfer of control from one colonial ruler to another

During the Chinese civil war, which group became the base of support for Mao Zedong and the communists?

peasants

At independence, British India was partitioned into two parts based on differences of ________.

religion

The pattern of government in independent India combined which elements from the First World and Second World?

state-planned development projects and democratic institutions

The failed CIA attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro in Cuba is known as:

the Bay of Pigs invasion

During the 1960s, Chinese leader Mao Zedong sought to reinvigorate the country's communist revolution through:

the Cultural Revolution

The vast majority of total German casualties during World War II were suffered during fighting against ___________.

the Soviet Union

Egypt emerged as a potent symbol of pan-Arab nationalism after which event?

the Suez Canal crisis

The idea of negritude can best be described as:

the belief that the people of African descent were more humane and had stronger communal feelings than Europeans

All of the following were reasons for Jewish migration to Palestine during the first half of the twentieth century except:

the wish to create a new European colony in the Middle East

The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers after World War II because of all of the following except:

their control of large overseas empires

The approach of Chinese communism toward women was:

to enact laws freeing women from oppressive laws and customs as part of their government

What was the goal of the Marshall Plan?

to limit the appeal of communism in western Europe by providing grants for reconstruction to democratic governments

By the end of the 1960s, idealism in the Third World had begun to give way to dictatorship and other forms of authoritarian rule.

true

France was initially unwilling to leave Algeria because it claimed that Algeria was a part of itself rather than a colony.

true

One reason why many citizens of Second World countries were relatively satisfied with their circumstances was that they didn't know much about the alternatives.

true

The Soviet Union believed that its sacrifices during World War II justified its dominance of eastern Europe after the war.

true

The heavy use of bombing was one way in which World War II erased boundaries between soldiers and civilians.

true