CH. 21 A&PII Immune system

Which of the following is true of both cytotoxic and helper T-cells? A. Both are immunocompetent due to specific receptors. B. Both recognize processed antigen displayed with MHC I protein. C. Both recognize processed antigen displayed with MHC II protein. D. Both express CD_4 protein on the cell surface.

A Both are immunocompetent due to specific receptors.

What does a plasma B-lymphocyte do? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A. It carries the memory of prior exposure to a foreign threat. B. It produces antibodies. C. It is aided by T_H cells during maturation. D. It can last for the lifetime of a person.

A,B,C,D

Which of the following is a "first line" of defense? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A. Gastric acid B. Mucous membranes in mouth C. Mucous escalator D. Ciliated epithelium in bronchi

A,B,C,D

A lymphocyte _______________. Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A. Is produced by the same process that produces erythrocytes B. Has a very small nucleus C. Has a small amount of cytoplasm D. Is part of the adaptive immune response

A,C,D

What is a role of macrophages in the immune response? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A. Phagocytosis of debris B. Production of complement. C. Activation of T-cells D. Antigen presentation

A,C,D

Which antibody type activates complement? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A. IgM B. IgA C. IgD D. IgE E. IgG

A,E

Cytotoxic T-cells recognize antigen presented by _____ along with _____. A. A viral-infected cell; MHC I protein B. An APC (such as a macrophage); MHC II proteins C. An APC (such as a B-lymphocyte); complement D. A viral-infected cell; MHC II protein

A. A viral-infected cell; MHC I protein

The variable region of an antibody: A. Binds to a specific epitope (antigenic determinant). B. Can bind to several different antigens on the same bacterial cell. C. Binds to the first complement protein (C1). D. Is only found on IgG antibodies. E. Is only found on IgM antibodies.

A. Binds to a specific epitope (antigenic determinant).

What do mast cells and basophils have in common? A. Both secrete histamine B. Both are circulating white blood cells C. Both secrete gamma interferon

A. Both secrete histamine

When activated as part of a primary immune response, specific B-lymphocytes: Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A. Divide to form a clone of daughter cells. B. Differentiate into plasma cells. C. Differentiate into memory cells. D. Phagocytose foreign cells.

A. Divide to form a clone of daughter cells. B. Differentiate into plasma cells. C. Differentiate into memory cells.

Kinins are _____ mediators which _____. A. Inflammatory; allow for chemotaxis B. Inflammatory; promote local vasoconstriction and increased heat C. Non-specific; destroy tagged antigen D. Specific immune; activate helper T-cells

A. Inflammatory; allow for chemotaxis

Which of the following is an example of passive artificial adaptive immunity? A. Injection of blood factors collected from patients who successfully fought off a hepatitis infection into a nurse accidently stuck with a needle B. Injection with a vaccine against chickenpox C. Your response to your roommate's cold D. Your protection against chicken pox if you had chicken pox as a young child

A. Injection of blood factors collected from patients who successfully fought off a hepatitis infection into a nurse accidently stuck with a needle

Complement _________________. Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A. Is a chemotactic cue to promote extravasation B. Is a family of proteins produced by eosinophils that attack cancer cells in the body C. Acts as an opsonin to increase phagocytosis of foreign threats by macrophages D. Acts to inhibit inflammation at sites of damage or infection

A. Is a chemotactic cue to promote extravasation C. Acts as an opsonin to increase phagocytosis of foreign threats by macrophages

The immune system __________________. Multiple answers.. A. Is capable of differentiating self from nonself B. Possesses memory of prior exposure to foreign threats C. Is composed solely of cells D. Can only recognize viruses

A. Is capable of differentiating self from nonself B. Possesses memory of prior exposure to foreign threats

What are the characteristics of the thymus? A. It helps to mature lymphocytes. B. It grows in size with age. C. It is the only site capable of filtering blood. D. It is a secondary lymphatic organ.

A. It helps to mature lymphocytes.

Which of the following are characteristics of a lymph node? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A. It is a secondary lymphatic organ. B. There are a relatively low number of lymph nodes within the body. C. It is filled with both T- and B-lymphocytes. D. It is important for neutralizing foreign threats.

A. It is a secondary lymphatic organ. C. It is filled with both T- and B-lymphocytes. D. It is important for neutralizing foreign threats.

hich of the following non-specific modes of cell killing is utilized by the specific immune system? A. Membrane attack complex (MAC) B. Tagging antigen with antibodies C. Opsonization

A. Membrane attack complex (MAC)

What are cytokines? Multiple answers: A. They are part of the innate immune response. B. They are classical hormones. C. They are an autocrine factor. D. They suppress the growth of lymphocytes.

A. They are part of the innate immune response. C. They are an autocrine factor. D. They suppress the growth of lymphocytes.

The complete absence of macrophages would impair the body's ability to: Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A. Present antigens after phagocytosis of foreign material. B. Produce antibodies. C. Activate helper T-cells. D. Activate cytotoxic T-cells.

ACD

As part of the inflammatory response, neutrophils are able to: Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A. Produce IgA B. Move (migrate) to the injured area following the chemical signal of kinins. C. Consume cell debris and dead bacteria. D."Escape" blood vessels in the area of tissue damage.

B,C,D

Recognition and memory is part of __________. A. Innate immunity B. Adaptive immunity

B. Adaptive immunity

Neutrophils are drawn toward sites of infection by _____________. A. The presence of basophils B. Chemotactic cues released by infected cells C. The presence of B- and T-lymphocytes D. The presence of macrophages

B. Chemotactic cues released by infected cells

Unlike lymphatic nodules, lymph nodes: A. Contain lymphocytes. B. Contain lymph. C. Can be sites of lymphocyte activation. D. Lack a capsule.

B. Contain lymph.

Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs) include ______ and play the following role: A. Any viral-infected cell; combine processed antigen with MHC I protein B. Dendritic cells; secretion of Interleukin-1 (IL-1) C. B-lymphocytes; secretion of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) to activate cytotoxic T-cells

B. Dendritic cells; secretion of Interleukin-1 (IL-1)

Antibodies: A. Are part of the non-specific immune system. B. Have the ability to recognize antigens that a person has never been exposed to before. C. Present antigens to macrophages. D. Bind other antibodies through their variable chain. E. Bind other antibodies through their heavy chain.

B. Have the ability to recognize antigens that a person has never been exposed to before.

Which of the following statements best explains the concept of memory within the adaptive immune system? A. Clonal growth of T_H-lymphocytes B. Increased growth of specific B- or T-lymphocytes after antigen exposure C. Clonal growth of T_C ​-lymphocytes D. The ability of antibodies to bind to two antigens

B. Increased growth of specific B- or T-lymphocytes after antigen exposure

What does the spleen do? A. It filters lymph. B. It filters blood. C. It stores fat and lymphocytes. D. It is the main site of T-lymphocyte development in adults.

B. It filters blood.

Memory cells: A. Can be produced by selected NK cells. B. Produce the secondary immune response. C. Mature in the thymus. D. Are parts of the non-specific immune response. E. Are only produced by T-cells.

B. Produce the secondary immune response.

Which of the following best describes a major difference between specific and non-specific defense? A. The use of complement B. Production of memory cells C. Mobilization of phagocytes D. The use of erythrocytes

B. Production of memory cells

Predict what would happen if MHC II was removed from the surface of macrophages. A. The adaptive immune system would no longer be able to differentiate between self and nonself antigens. B. The macrophage could no longer present antigens to TH-lymphocytes. C. Complement could no longer be activated. D. T_H -lymphocytes would disappear.

B. The macrophage could no longer present antigens to TH-lymphocytes.

Which of the following is an example of active immunity? A. Rhogam injection B. The production of antibodies after a flu vaccination C. An infant receiving IgA antibodies in breast milk D. The complement cascade

B. The production of antibodies after a flu vaccination

Which of the following is the best definition of a cluster-of-differentiation (CD)? A. The CD system is a means by which all human cells can be differentiated from each other. B. A CD is simply any protein expressed on the surface of leukocytes. C. A CD is a protein expressed on the surface of some but not all lymphocytes. D. A CD is a unique type of lipid expressed on the surface of all blood cells.

C. A CD is a protein expressed on the surface of some but not all lymphocytes.

How does acute inflammation differ from systemic inflammation? A. Histamine stimulates acute but not chronic inflammation. B. Chronic inflammation starts in several tissues but then continues only in one. C. Acute inflammation lasts for a short period of time, chronic inflammation lasts for a long time.

C. Acute inflammation lasts for a short period of time, chronic inflammation lasts for a long time.

In response to _____, complement plays a role in _____ by ______. A. Antibody-mediated immunity; activating B-lymphocytes; secreting IL-2 (Interleukin 2) B. inflammation; activating leukocyte proliferation; secreting LIF C. Antigen-antibody complex; lysis of target cells; the classical pathway D. Inflammation; increasing local capillary permeability; the alternate pathway

C. Antigen-antibody complex; lysis of target cells; the classical pathway

What is the first step in B-lymphocyte activation? A. Digestion of proteins within the proteasome B. Presentation of peptide fragments in MHC II C. Binding of antigen to the BcR D. Secretion of cytokines by T_H cells

C. Binding of antigen to the BcR

Inflammation: A. Is a part of the specific immune response to viruses. B. Is a part of the non-specific immune response but only to infection with bacteria. C. Causes increased capillary permeability. D. Is specific to the type of foreign material. E. Only occurs on the surface of the body.

C. Causes increased capillary permeability.

Interferons do not carry out which of the following in innate immunity? A. Inhibition of viral infection of cells B. Activation of NK cells C. Direct attacks on virally infected cells

C. Direct attacks on virally infected cells

Which of the following is not a normal physiological function of the lymphatic vessels? A. Filtering foreign particles from lymph and plasma B. Returning excess interstitial fluid back to the venous supply C. Growth and development of connective tissue cells D. Blood cell maturation E. Transport of absorbed fats

C. Growth and development of connective tissue cells

Which antibody type is associated with allergic reactions? A. IgA B. IgD C. IgE D. IgM

C. IgE

______________ antibodies make up the largest group produced during a secondary immune response. A. IgM B. IgE C. IgG D. IgA E. IgD

C. IgG

During a trip to Las Vegas you are bitten by a rattlesnake. You recover only after treatment with snake anti-venom. You plan another trip to the same area this year and you wonder if you are protected against future rattlesnake bites. Are you? A/ Yes, because of passive immunity. B. No, because you would have to be bitten by the same snake to be protected. C. No, because this is an example of passive immunity. D. Yes, and you would be protected against bites by any kind of snake.

C. No, because this is an example of passive immunity.

Which of the following is an example of a primary lymph organ? A. Lymph node B. Spleen C. Thymus gland D. Tonsil

C. Thymus gland

Cytotoxic T-cells become immunocompetent: A. After a primary immune response. B. At first exposure to an antigen. C. After a secondary immune response. D. After positive and negative selection during fetal development.

D. After positive and negative selection during fetal development.

Which process physically removes a B- or T-lymphocyte that is recognizing a self-antigen from the body? A. Receptor editing B. Anergy C. Ignorance D. Apoptosis

D. Apoptosis

Breastfeeding babies is important because it allows mothers to: A. Stimulate the baby's immune system (active immunity). B. Protect babies against parasites (IgE). C. Induce active immunity against many common viruses the mother has been exposed to. D. Induce passive immunity in the baby through IgA in breast milk. E. Stimulate baby cells to produce interferon.

D. Induce passive immunity in the baby through IgA in breast milk.

How does T-lymphocyte activation differ from B-lymphocyte activation? A. B-lymphocytes are responsible for cell-mediated adaptive immunity, while T-lymphocytes are responsible for humoral immunity. B. Both B- and T-lymphocytes secrete antibodies, but of very different classes. C. Only B-lymphocytes interact with antigen-presenting cells. D. T-lymphocytes interact with antigen-presenting cells.

D. T-lymphocytes interact with antigen-presenting cells.

During B-cell activation, helper T-cells: A. Produce IgM antibodies. B. Act as a memory cell. C. Prevent B plasma cells from over-producing antibodies. D. Activate macrophages. E. Bind B-cells and activate them to divide and produce plasma and memory cells.

E. Bind B-cells and activate them to divide and produce plasma and memory cells.

All cells in the human body have: A. Type 'M' antigens on their surface. B. Type 'A' antigens on their surface. C. Type 'B' antigens on their surface. D. MHC II on their surface except red blood cells. E. MHC I on their surface except red blood cells.

E. MHC I on their surface except red blood cells.

injection of anti-venom is an example of: A. Active immunity. B. Activation of plasma B-cells. C. Activation of cytotoxic T-cells. D. Activation of memory B-cells. E. Passive immunity.

E. Passive immunity.

Foreign threats are filtered from the lymph by ______________.

Lymph Nodes

NK cells secrete ______________ to destroy virally infected cells.

perforin and a-defensins