Ch. 21 Practice

Which of the following equations shows the correct relation between blood flow (F), pressure (P), and resistance (R)? a) F = P + R b) P = (F × R) × 4 c) F = P/R d) F = P - R e) F = R/P

c) F = P/R

In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter, a vessel with a small diameter has a) a greater blood flow. b) the same amount of pressure as resistance. c) a greater resistance to blood flow. d) a higher blood pressure. e) less resistance to blood flow.

c) a greater resistance to blood flow.

Compared to arteries, veins a) have thinner walls. b) have more smooth muscle in their tunica media. c) are more elastic. d) hold their shape better when cut. e) have a pleated endothelium.

a) have thinner walls.

The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form the ________ vein. a) azygos b) axillary c) brachial d) hemiazygos e) basilic

c) brachial

Calculate the net filtration pressure (NFP) with a blood hydrostatic pressure of 40 mm Hg and a blood colloid osmotic pressure of 25 mm Hg. (know this formula) Then determine if filtration or reabsorption occurs.NFP = ________ and results in a fluid ________. a) -15 mm Hg; filtration b) 15 mm Hg; filtration c) 65 mm Hg; reabsorption d) 15 mm Hg; reabsorption e) 65 mm Hg; filtration

b) 15 mm Hg; filtration

Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following? a) smoking b) All of the answers are correct. c) obesity d) lack of exercise e) high cholesterol

b) All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is most likely to result from an aneurysm in a brain artery? a) pulmonary embolism b) stroke c) myocardial infarction d) hypotension e) quadriplegia

b) stroke

The fusion of the brachiocephalic veins forms the a) azygos vein. b) superior vena cava. c) subclavian vein. d) inferior vena cava. e) innominate vein.

b) superior vena cava.

Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel? a) tunica externa b) tunica intima c) external elastic membrane d) internal elastic membrane e) tunica media

b) tunica intima

During exercise, a) All of the answers are correct. b) venous return increases and vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles. c) venous return increases. d) both cardiac output and stroke volume increase. e) vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles.

a) All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following affects blood flow through the body? a) All of the answers are correct. b) vascular resistance c) vessel diameter d) turbulence e) blood viscosity

a) All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following contributes to the formation of the popliteal vein? a) anterior and posterior tibial and fibular b) small saphenous and great saphenous c) internal iliac d) great saphenous and posterior tibial e) peroneal and popliteal

a) anterior and posterior tibial and fibular

The two vertebral arteries fuse to form a large artery called the a) basilar artery. b) cerebral arterial circle. c) internal carotid artery. d) external carotid artery. e) common carotid artery.

a) basilar artery.

These vessels may be continuous or fenestrated. a) capillaries b) arteries c) veins d) arterioles e) venules

a) capillaries

What structure do RBCs move through single-file? a) capillary b) vein c) artery d) venule e) arteriole

a) capillary

Venous valves are responsible for a) channeling blood toward the heart. b) regulating blood pressure in veins. c) preventing blood from re-entering a ventricle. d) channeling blood away from the heart. e) preventing anterograde flow.

a) channeling blood toward the heart.

Near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the ________ arteries. a) common iliac b) femoral c) common carotid d) tibial e) popliteal

a) common iliac

Resistance is a force that a) decreases blood flow. b) acts with pressure to move blood along a vessel. c) never changes in a blood vessel. d) is always higher than blood pressure. e) increases blood flow.

a) decreases blood flow.

Veins of the brain empty into a) dural sinuses. b) external jugular veins. c) vertebral veins. d) coronary sinuses. e) the cerebral arterial circle.

a) dural sinuses.

The vessel that collects blood from the superficial structures of the head and neck is the ________ vein. a) external jugular b) external carotid c) internal jugular d) internal carotid e) All of the answers are correct.

a) external jugular

Blood is drained from the liver by the a) hepatic vein. b) inferior vena cava. c) both the hepatic vein and the hepatic portal vein. d) celiac trunk. e) hepatic portal vein.

a) hepatic vein.

Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors reflexively results in a) increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system. b) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart. c) increased heart rate. d) stimulation of the vasoconstrictive center. e) stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center in the brain.

a) increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system.

Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except a) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide). b) increased blood volume. c) increased levels of ADH (antidiuretic hormone). d) increased levels of angiotensin II. e) increased levels of aldosterone.

a) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).

The lower part of the large intestine including the rectum receives blood from the a) inferior mesenteric artery. b) celiac trunk. c) external iliac artery. d) abdominal aorta. e) internal iliac artery.

a) inferior mesenteric artery.

The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the tunica a) media. b) intima. c) interna. d) adventitia. e) externa.

a) media.

In response to hemorrhage, there is a) mobilization of the venous reserve. b) peripheral vasodilation. c) constriction of elastic arteries to maintain blood pressure. d)All of the answers are correct. e) increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

a) mobilization of the venous reserve.

At the knee, the femoral artery becomes the ________ artery. a) popliteal b) iliac c) tibial d) deep femoral e) peroneal

a) popliteal

Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the a) precapillary sphincter. b) plexus. c) vasa vasorum. d) thoroughfare channel. e) venule.

a) precapillary sphincter.

Identify the vein labeled "8." a) subclavian b) axillary c) superior vena cava d) external jugular e) brachiocephalic

a) subclavian

Identify the vein labeled "15." a) ulnar b) basilic c) axillary d) radial e) brachial

a) ulnar

The brachial artery branches to form the radial and ________ arteries. a) ulnar b) digital c) brachiocephalic d) axillary e) subclavian

a) ulnar

Which of the following is normally the greatest source acting against blood flow? a) vascular resistance b) turbulence c) vessel length d) viscosity of blood e) venous pressure

a) vascular resistance

Blood pressure is lowest in the a) veins. b) arteries. c) venules. d) capillaries. e) arterioles.

a) veins.

What is the correct order for the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit, starting at the aorta?1. venules 5. medium veins 2. arterioles 6. large veins 3. capillaries 7. muscular arteries 4. elastic arteries a) 7, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6 b) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6 c) 5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4 d) 2, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 6 e) 6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4

b) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries? a) decreased plasma albumen b) both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure c) increased plasma albumen and decreased blood hydrostatic pressure d) increased tissue hydrostatic pressure e) increased blood hydrostatic pressure

b) both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure

Identify the artery labeled "1." a) axillary b) brachiocephalic trunk c) common carotid d) ascending aorta e) brachial

b) brachiocephalic trunk

Identify the artery labeled "12." a) superior mesenteric b) celiac trunk c) axillary d) inferior mesenteric e) splenic

b) celiac trunk

Identify the arteries labeled "9." a) brachiocephalic b) common carotid c) axillary d) brachial e) aorta

b) common carotid

The external iliac artery branches to form the ________ arteries. a) tibial and popliteal b) femoral and deep femoral c) radial and ulnar d) femoral and tibial e) femoral and popliteal

b) femoral and deep femoral

Identify the vein labeled "10." a) thoracic b) inferior vena cava c) pulmonary d) aorta e) superior vena cava

b) inferior vena cava

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure. a) critical closing b) pulse c) circulatory d) blood e) mean arterial

b) pulse

Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems. a) decreases; doubles b) reduces; increases c) increases; reduces d) reduces; reduces e) doubles; decreases

b) reduces; increases

Blood from the dorsal venous arch is drained by the ________ vein(s). a) posterior tibial b) small saphenous and great saphenous c) posterior tibial and great saphenous d) small saphenous e) great saphenous

b) small saphenous and great saphenous

Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue? a) tunica intima b) tunica media c) external elastic membrane d) tunica externa e) internal elastic membrane

b) tunica media

Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood? a) pulmonary arteries b) veins c) systemic arterioles d) arteries e) capillaries

b) veins

When renin is released from the kidney, a) blood flow to the kidneys decreases. b) blood pressure goes down. c) angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I. d) angiotensin I increases salt reabsorption at the kidneys. e) angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II.

c) angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I.

Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the a) arterioles constrict. b) level of carbon dioxide at the tissue decreases. c) arterioles dilate. d) veins constrict. e) level of oxygen at the tissue increases.

c) arterioles dilate.

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the a) venules. b) arteries. c) arterioles. d) veins. e) capillaries.

c) arterioles.

Branches off the aortic arch include the a) left subclavian artery. b) left subclavian artery and left common carotid artery. c) brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery, and left common carotid artery. d) brachiocephalic trunk. e) left common carotid artery.

c) brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery, and left common carotid artery.

The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the a) diastolic pressure. b) pulse pressure. c) capillary hydrostatic pressure. d) peripheral pressure. e) venous pressure.

c) capillary hydrostatic pressure.

Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is ________ cardiac output. a) somewhat lower than b) somewhat higher than c) equal to d) much lower than e) much higher than

c) equal to

Identify the vein labeled "6." a) inferior vena cava b) common iliac c) external iliac d) femoral e) internal iliac

c) external iliac

As blood circulates from arteries into capillaries, the total cross-sectional area of capillaries a) decreases and causes the blood velocity to decrease. b) decreases and causes the blood velocity to increase. c) increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease. d) is the same as the total cross-sectional area of arteries and blood velocity is equal between arteries and capillaries. e) increases and causes the blood velocity to increase.

c) increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.

Blood is drained from the lower portion of the large intestine by the a) superior mesenteric vein. b) inferior vena cava. c) inferior mesenteric vein. d) gastric vein. e) celiac trunk.

c) inferior mesenteric vein.

Blood from the brain returns to the heart through the ________ vein. a) azygos b) external jugular c) internal jugular d) vertebral e) innominate

c) internal jugular

Some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries is returned to the blood by the a) venules. b) muscular arteries. c) lymphatic system. d) liver. e) hepatic portal vein.

c) lymphatic system.

Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased a) force of cardiac contraction. b) peripheral resistance. c) parasympathetic innervation. d) blood volume. e) cardiac output.

c) parasympathetic innervation.

To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body a) experiences a decrease in the blood colloidal osmotic pressure. b) experiences an increase of interstitial fluids. c) releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH). d) reduces reabsorption of water at the kidneys. e) All of the answers are correct.

c) releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

The ________ receives all the venous blood from the kidney. a) perirenal vein b) hepatic portal vein c) renal vein d) inferior vena cava e) adrenal vein

c) renal vein

You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in a) cardiac muscle. b) skeletal muscles. c) the pituitary gland. d) skin. e) bone.

c) the pituitary gland.

Venae cavae are the largest of what type of vessel? a) capillary b) arteriole c) vein d) venule e) artery

c) vein

Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel? a) arteriole b) venule c) vein d) artery e) capillary

c) vein

The thoroughfare channel ends at the a) artery. b) arteriole. c) venule. d) capillary. e) vein.

c) venule.

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the a) veins. b) capillaries. c) venules. d) arteries. e) arterioles.

c) venules.

Identify the vein labeled "9." a) brachial b) basilic c) median cubital d) axillary e) cephalic

d) axillary

The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the a) concentration of plasma waste products. b) concentration of plasma glucose. c) concentration of plasma sodium ions. d) concentration of plasma proteins. e) number of red blood cells.

d) concentration of plasma proteins.

The ________ divides the aorta into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta. a) peritoneum b) pleura c) mediastinum d) diaphragm e) pericardium

d) diaphragm

At the ankle, the anterior tibial artery becomes the ________ artery. a) plantar arch b) dorsal arch c) posterior tibial d) dorsalis pedis e) tarsal

d) dorsalis pedis

If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be a) four times greater. b) halved. c) 1/4 as much. d) doubled. e) unchanged.

d) doubled.

Identify the artery labeled "6." a) femoral b) external iliac c) abdominal aorta d) internal iliac e) common iliac

e) common iliac

The ________ artery supplies blood to the face and neck. a) vertebral b) internal carotid c) common carotid d) facial e) external carotid

e) external carotid

The ________ carries nutrient-rich blood into the liver. a) superior mesenteric vein b) myenteric capillaries c) gastric vein d) hepatic artery e) hepatic portal vein

e) hepatic portal vein

The force that moves fluid out of capillaries is ________ pressure whereas the opposing force that moves fluid into capillaries is ________ pressure. a) systolic; diastolic b) plasma; extracellular c) colloid osmotic; hydrostatic d) blood; interstitial e) hydrostatic; colloid osmotic

e) hydrostatic; colloid osmotic

Identify the artery labeled "16." a) splenic b) axillary c) superior mesenteric d) celiac e) inferior mesenteric

e) inferior mesenteric

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except the a) turbulence. b) blood viscosity. c) length of a blood vessel. d) blood vessel diameter. e) osmolarity of interstitial fluids.

e) osmolarity of interstitial fluids.

Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased a) heart rate. b) cardiac output. c) blood flow to the lungs. d) sympathetic stimulation of the heart. e) parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

e) parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

The ________ receives blood from the diaphragm. a) pleural vein b) celiac trunk c) inferior mesenteric vein d) inferior vena cava e) phrenic vein

e) phrenic vein

Veins from the spleen, pancreas, and internal border of the stomach unite to form the a) celiac trunk. b) hepatic portal vein. c) gastric vein. d) superior mesenteric vein. e) splenic vein.

e) splenic vein.

The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the a) inferior vena cava. b) external jugular vein. c) coronary sinus. d) internal jugular vein. e) superior vena cava.

e) superior vena cava.

Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except a) increased sympathetic stimulation. b) irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques. c) elevated levels of epinephrine. d) elevated hematocrit. e) vasodilation.

e) vasodilation.

Blood pressure is determined by a) measuring the force of contraction of the left ventricle. b) measuring the size of the pulse. c) listening carefully to the pulse. d) estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff. e) estimating the degree of turbulence in a partly closed vessel.

d) estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff.

The larger of the two branches of the common iliac artery is the ________ artery. a) deep iliac b) superficial iliac c) internal iliac d) external iliac

d) external iliac

Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output except a) increased venous return. b) stimulation of the heart by epinephrine. c) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart. d) increased blood concentration of glucose. e) decreased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

d) increased blood concentration of glucose.

Fear can result in a) decreased blood pressure. b) decreased heart rate. c) parasympathetic stimulation. d) increased stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center by higher brain centers. e) increased stimulation of the cardioinhibitory center by higher brain centers.

d) increased stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center by higher brain centers.

Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following except a) uptake of interstitial fluid due to reduced capillary pressure. b) increased thirst and water intake. c) activation of aldosterone secretion. d) inhibition of EPO secretion. e) activation of ADH secretion.

d) inhibition of EPO secretion.

The smallest arterial branches are called the a) capillaries. b) arterioles. c) venules. d) precapillary arterioles. e) veins.

d) precapillary arterioles.

As blood travels from arteries to veins, a) viscosity increases. b) pressure builds. c) flow becomes turbulent. d) pressure drops. e) diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller.

d) pressure drops.

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except a) the respiratory pump. b) muscular compression. c) valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood. d) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein. e) the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries.

d) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.

Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure except a) decrease in blood volume. b) decreased levels of aldosterone. c) decreased peripheral resistance. d) release of renin. e) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).

d) release of renin.

Turbulent blood flow occurs a) when blood pressure is excessively low. b) All of the answers are correct. c) within long and straight blood vessels. d) when there are irregularities in the vessel wall. e) at low flow rates.

d) when there are irregularities in the vessel wall.

If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg (be able to show this calculation) a) 210 b) 105 c) 93 d) 90 e) 100

e) 100

Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to a) arteriovenous pressure. b) capillary hydrostatic pressure. c) pulse pressure. d) peripheral pressure. e) arterial pressure.

e) arterial pressure.

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the a) venule. b) vein. c) capillary. d) artery. e) arteriole.

e) arteriole.

Relative to the lumen, which of the following vessels has the thickest tunica media? a) arteries b) veins c) capillaries d) venules e) arterioles

e) arterioles

In what vessel is blood pressure the highest? a) capillary b) vein c) venule d) arteriole e) artery

e) artery

After passing the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the ________ artery. a) ulnar b) radial c) brachial d) digital e) axillary

e) axillary

When carotid and aortic baroreceptors reduce their output, a) heart rate increases. b) the heart rate will decrease to lower blood pressure. c) heart rate decreases. d) stroke volume increases. e) both heart rate and stroke volume increase.

e) both heart rate and stroke volume increase.

Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in a) veins. b) venules. c) arteries. d) arterioles. e) capillaries.

e) capillaries.