CH 22 IH

____ immunity is a ____ immunization by the injection of antibodies that are not produced by the recipient's cells.

-Artificially acquired passive -Short-term

Antibodies are the effectors of ____ immunity. Antibodies are formed by ____, typically within the ____. Antibodies circulate throughout the body in the lymph and blood, ultimately coming in contact with antigen at the site of infection. Plasma cells, over their life span of about 5 ____, produced hundreds of millions of antibodies against the specific antigen. The circulating blood concentration of antibody against a specific antigen is referred to as the antibody ____.

-humoral -plasma cell -lymph nodes -blood -days -titer

____ immunity occurs when the person is exposed to a ____ pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result of the ____ immune response.

-naturally acquired active -live -primary

____ immunity can be induced by any substance that contains the antigen that is purposefully introduced into the body.

Artificially acquired active

Classify each description as associated with either cell-mediated or humoral immunity.

Cell-mediated -lymphocytes kill infected cells directly -utilizes perforin -utilizes granzymes -induces apoptosis Humoral -antibodies bind infected cells -plasma cells are involved -pathogens are tagged for destruction

Which of the following statements accurately describe the difference between cellular and humoral immunity?

Cellular

Read each description regarding cellular and humoral immunity.

Cellular immunity -utilizes cytotoxic t-lymphocytes -MHC-I Humoral immunity -MHC-II -produces antibodies -attacks extracellular viruses -phagocytosis Both -utilizes helper t-lymphocytes -attacks bacteria -has a secondary response

Classify each effector response as associated with either helper t-lymphocytes or cytotoxic t-lymphocytes

Helper -release cytokines Cytotoxic -release cytokines -release perforin -release granzymes -directly kill infected cells

Classify each characteristic as associated with complement or interferons

Interferons -released from virus infected cells -stimulates destruction of viral DNA -stimulates destruction of virus-infected cells Complement -can bind directly to antigen -can bind antibody -forms membrane attack complex

____ immunity occurs during pregnancy, in which certain antibodies are passed from the maternal into the fetal bloodstream.

Naturally acquired passive

Read each description below regarding nonspecific resistance and immunity.

Nonspecific Resistance -skin -a fever as a result of a bacterial infection -natural killer cells patrol the body on the lookout for diseased host cells -the inflammatory response Immunity -producing an antibody against a cold virus -a tetanus vaccination stimulates the body to produce antibodies against the C. tetani bacteria -antibodies pass from the placenta into the fetus -receiving anti-venom after being bitten by a rattlesnake

Drag each label into the appropriate position to identify what cell type is described by the label t-lymphocytes, b-lymphocytes, both

T-lymphocytes -Can produce lethal hits to infected self-cells -Direct activation produced by MHC-I recognition -Mature in lymphocytes -Direct activation by MHC-II recognition -The most numerous lymphocyte B-lymphocytes -Differentiate into plasma cells when activated -can become antibody producing factories Both -lymphocytes -capable of producing memory cells -arise originally from bone marrow

T-lymphocytes mature and differentiate in the ____

Thymus

Fever can also ____ tissue repair.

accelerate

Generally, two categories of cells present antigen to T-lymphocytes: all nucleated cells of the body and a category of cells called ____ cells. The latter includes any immune cell that functions specifically to communicate the presence of ____ to both ____ T-lymphocytes and cytotoxic ____. Dendritic cells, macrophages, and ____ function as APCs.

antigen-presenting antigen helper t-lymphocytes b-lymphocytes

The ____ encounters and processes the antigen.

antigen-presenting cell

A low to moderate fever, when allowed to run its course, can be ____.

beneficial

Infected or malignant cells are then ____ before they can do further harm to the body.

destroyed

Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes ____ secrete antibodies

do not

A ____ is an abnormal elevation of the body temperature.

fever

It is ____ based and we pass it on to our offspring.

genetically

There are two fundamental adaptive mechanisms: cell-mediated immunity and ____ immunity.

humoral

If the antigens are viral proteins or abnormal antigens, the t-lymphocytes initiate the ____

immune response

The ____ defense system is what we are born with and it is nonspecific; all antigens are attacked pretty much equally.

innate

With the antigen, the antigen-presenting cell migrates to the nearest ____.

lymph node

Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes ____ in direct contact with an infected cell in order to kill it.

need to be

Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes secrete ____, which cause a hole in the target cell's plasma membrane

perforins

Fever can ____ interferon activity.

promote

Lastly, fever will inhibit the ____ of bacteria and viruses.

reproduction

Parts of immunity, or ____ resistance, are changeable and can adapt to better attack the invading antigen.

specific

The antigen-presenting cell displays he antigen to the ____

t-lymphocytes