Ch 23 HW Anatomy

The blood air barrier consists of Question options: A) 1 layer of moist cuboidal epithelium. B) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. C) surfactant cells. D) stratified squamous epithelium. E) 2 layers of simple squamous epithelium.

2 layers of simple squamous epithelium.

The normal rate and depth of breathing is established by the ________ center(s). Question options: A) apneustic B) expiratory C) ventral respiratory D) pneumotaxic E) DRG and VRG

DRG and VRG

Carbon dioxide and water combine to form Question options: A) carbaminohemoglobin. B) nitric acid. C) carbonic acid. D) oxygen. E) hydrochloric acid.

carbonic acid.

Respiratory function deteriorates as a result of pneumonia because inflammation Question options: A) reduces movement of the epiglottis. B) causes the lungs to leak air into the thorax. C) causes fluids to leak into the alveoli. D) causes respiratory bronchioles to swell and dilate. E) reduces the size of the pleural cavity.

causes fluids to leak into the alveoli.

Contraction of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles can Question options: A) constrict the trachea. B) move the cricoid cartilage. C) assist in breathing during exercise. D) close the glottis. E) move food from the larynx to the esophagus.

close the glottis.

The ________ of the lungs is an indication of their expandability, how easily the lungs expand and contract. Question options: A) volume B) cellular respiration C) intrapulmonary pressure D) compliance E) ventilation

compliance

The nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx constitute the ________ portion of the airway. Question options: A) sinus B) conducting C) respiratory D) primary E) exchange

conducting

Increasing the alveolar ventilation rate will Question options: A) decrease the rate of carbon dioxide diffusion from the blood to the alveoli. B) hardly affect either the partial pressure or diffusion of gases. C) decrease the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli. D) decrease the rate of oxygen diffusion from the alveoli to the blood. E) increase the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli.

decrease the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli.

Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues? Question options: A) decreased pH B) decreased temperature and decreased amounts of BPG C) increased tissue PO2 D) decreased amounts of BPG E) decreased temperature

decreased pH

External respiration involves the Question options: A) exchange of dissolved gases between the cells and interstitial fluids. B) movement of air into and out of the lungs. C) diffusion of gases between the interstitial fluid and the external environment. D) binding of oxygen by hemoglobin. E) utilization of oxygen by tissues to support metabolism.

diffusion of gases between the interstitial fluid and the external environment.

The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the Question options: A) cuneiform cartilage. B) epiglottis. C) thyroid cartilage. D) corniculate cartilage. E) cricoid cartilage.

epiglottis.

Quiet breathing is to ________ as shallow breathing is to ________. Question options: A) eupnea; diaphragmatic breathing B) costal breathing; eupnea C) eupnea; costal breathing D) costal breathing; diaphragmatic E) diaphragmatic breathing; eupnea

eupnea; costal breathing

In which direction does carbon dioxide move during internal respiration? Question options: A) from the blood into the lungs B) from the lungs into the blood C) from the blood into the tissue cells D) from the lungs into the atmosphere E) from the tissue cells into the blood

from the tissue cells into the blood

Primary bronchi enter their respective lungs along with pulmonary vessels, nerves, and lymphatics at which region? Question options: A) superior lobe B) cardiac notch C) base D) apex E) hilum

hilum

Low partial pressure of oxygen in tissues is a condition called Question options: A) lung cancer. B) emphysema. C) asthma. D) ischemia. E) hypoxia.

hypoxia.

Boyle's law of gases states that Question options: A) the total gas pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures. B) the pressure and volume of a gas are equal. C) the concentration of dissolved gas is proportional to its partial pressure. D) as the temperature goes up, the pressure goes up. E) if the volume goes up, the pressure goes down.

if the volume goes up, the pressure goes down.

If the dorsal respiratory group of neurons in the medulla oblongata were destroyed bilaterally, Question options: A) alveolar ventilation would increase. B) tidal volumes would decrease. C) pulmonary ventilation would increase markedly. D) a person would stop breathing. E) the respiratory minute volume would increase.

a person would stop breathing.

The respiratory portion of the respiratory tract includes the Question options: A) larynx. B) bronchi. C) trachea. D) alveoli. E) nose.

alveoli.

The most superior portion of the lung is called the Question options: A) cardiac notch. B) epipleurium. C) apex. D) base. E) hilus.

apex.

The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the Question options: A) terminal bronchioles. B) blood air barrier of the alveoli. C) interlobular septa. D) spaces between the parietal and visceral pleura. E) bronchioles.

blood air barrier of the alveoli.

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is Question options: A) in ionic form as solute in the plasma. B) bound to hemoglobin. C) carried by white blood cells. D) bound to the same protein as carbon dioxide. E) dissolved in plasma.

bound to hemoglobin.

The pneumotaxic center of the pons Question options: A) prolongs inspiration. B) sets the at-rest respiratory pattern. C) modifies the rate and depth of breathing. D) stimulates the dorsal respiratory group. E) suppresses the expiratory center in the medulla.

modifies the rate and depth of breathing.

timulation of the apneustic center would result in Question options: A) less activity in the DRG center. B) a shorter respiratory cycle. C) increased respiratory rate. D) decreased vital capacity. E) more intense inhalation.

more intense inhalation.

The beating of the cilia of the respiratory passages in the direction of the pharynx forms a(n) Question options: A) mucus escalator. B) smooth slick surface allowing particles to slide. C) respiratory rhythmicity center. D) increased surface area for gas exchange. E) debris filter.

mucus escalator.

An important component of the lamina propria in the upper respiratory system is Question options: A) ceruminous glands. B) sweat glands. C) serous glands. D) smooth muscle cells. E) mucus glands.

mucus glands.

The ________ fissure separates the lobes of the left lung. Question options: A) lateral B) medial C) oblique D) longitudinal E) left horizontal

oblique

All of the following provide chemoreceptor input to the respiratory centers of the medulla oblongata except the Question options: A) aortic body. B) central chemoreceptors. C) olfactory epithelium. D) carotid body. E) medullary chemoreceptors.

olfactory epithelium.

Factors affecting the release of oxygen from hemoglobin can be visualized by using a Question options: A) respiratory cycle chart. B) pulmonary volume chart. C) oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve. D) blood gas analysis. E) spirograph.

oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve.

The ________ is shared by the respiratory and digestive systems. Question options: A) trachea B) esophagus C) right mainstem bronchus D) windpipe E) pharynx

pharynx

Which of the following organs is not part of the lower respiratory system? Question options: A) alveoli B) bronchi C) trachea D) larynx E) pharynx

pharynx

Air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal folds and produces Question options: A) speech. B) whistling. C) phonation. D) ululation. E) articulation.

phonation.

Surfactant is produced by what cell type in the alveolus? Question options: A) alveolar macrophages B) pneumocytes Type II C) pneumocytes Type I D) smooth muscle cells E) pneumocytes Type I and Type II

pneumocytes Type II

The term ________ describes the result from an injury that permits air to leak into the intrapleural space. Question options: A) pneumonia B) pleurisy C) emphysema D) pneumothorax E) pulmonary edema

pneumothorax

The apneustic centers of the pons Question options: A) monitor blood gas levels. B) generate the gasp reflex. C) provide stimulation to the inspiratory center. D) alter chemoreceptor sensitivity. E) inhibit the pneumotaxic and inspiratory centers.

provide stimulation to the inspiratory center.

During exercise, which of the following contract for active exhalation? Question options: A) rectus abdominis and internal intercostal muscles B) rectus abdominis and diaphragm muscles C) diaphragm and external intercostal muscles D) pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles E) diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles

rectus abdominis and internal intercostal muscles

The entire array of protective mechanisms in the respiratory system is called the Question options: A) acquired respiratory defense. B) respiratory defense system. C) macrophage complex. D) mucus escalator. E) respiratory immunity.

respiratory defense system.

If PO2 increases Question options: A) hemoglobin gives away oxygen. B) saturation goes up. C) saturation goes up and hemoglobin stores oxygen. D) saturation goes down and hemoglobin gives away oxygen. E) hemoglobin stores oxygen.

saturation goes up and hemoglobin stores oxygen.

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, Question options: A) expiration occurs. B) the lungs shrink. C) the volume of the lungs decreases. D) the volume of the thorax decreases. E) the volume of the thorax increases.

the volume of the thorax increases.

When there is no air movement, the relationship between the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure is that Question options: A) intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric. B) atmospheric pressure is more than intrapulmonary. C) they are equal. D) intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric. E) atmospheric pressure is less than intrapulmonary.

they are equal.

The right lung is to ________ as the left lung is to ________. Question options: A) three lobes; three lobes B) two lobes; two lobes C) three lobes; two lobes D) four lobes; three lobes E) two lobes; three lobes

three lobes; two lobes

The largest cartilage of the larynx is the ________ cartilage. Question options: A) cricoid B) arytenoid C) thyroid D) cuneiform E) epiglottic

thyroid

Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the Question options: A) alveoli. B) lungs. C) upper respiratory tract. D) bronchioles. E) lower respiratory tract.

upper respiratory tract.

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is greatest in Question options: A) venous blood. B) arterial blood. C) inspired air. D) alveolar air. E) expired air.

venous blood.

The serous membrane that covers the lungs is the Question options: A) visceral peritoneum. B) visceral pericardium. C) visceral pleura. D) parietal pericardium. E) parietal pleura.

visceral pleura.

A pair of ligaments covered by laryngeal epithelium that function in sound production are the Question options: A) extrinsic ligaments. B) ventricular folds. C) intrinsic laryngeal muscles. D) vocal folds. E) intrinsic ligaments.

vocal folds.

During quiet breathing, Question options: A) inspiration is passive and expiration involves muscular contractions. B) only the internal intercostal muscles contract. C) inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive. D) both inspiration and expiration are passive. E) both inspiration and expiration involve muscular contractions.

inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive.

The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the cells and interstitial fluids is Question options: A) cellular respiration. B) breathing. C) internal respiration. D) external respiration. E) pulmonary ventilation.

internal respiration.

Boyle's law states that the pressure of a gas is Question options: A) always higher in the atmosphere than in the lungs. B) inversely proportional to temperature. C) directly proportional to the volume of its container. D) directly proportional to temperature. E) inversely proportional to the volume of its container

inversely proportional to the volume of its container

Hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is high is Question options: A) greater than hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low. B) equal to hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when pH is high. C) less than hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low. D) equal to hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when pH is low. E) equal to hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low

less than hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low.

The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles all make up the Question options: A) alveoli of the respiratory tract. B) upper respiratory tract. C) lower respiratory tract. D) respiratory mucosa. E) internal respiratory tract.

lower respiratory tract.