ch 24
A new virus is discovered that has double stranded DNA and no envelope. The highly purified virions form large crystals. This new virus is most likely a member of which virus family? Papillomarviridae Herpesviridae Adenoviridae Papillomaviridae Poxviridae
Adenoviridae
What is the likelihood the average college freshman has been infected with HHV-4, also known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)? 4% 70% 1% 40% 16%
70%
Which of the following families of DNA viruses is the most prevalent in humans? Rhinoviridae Herpesviridae Poxviridae Adenoviridae Polyomaviridae
Herpesviridae
Which of the following statements concerning genital warts is FALSE? The virus may remain latent and cause lesions at a later time. They can be sexually transmitted. They can travel to different locations on the same individual by autoinoculation. They can be transmitted via fomites. The incidence is relatively low because treatment is available.
The incidence is relatively low because treatment is available.
What are some of the current challenges to production of the influenza vaccine? Select all that apply. a.) The virus undergoes antigenic changes on a regular basis. b.) In order to yield a vaccine, the virus must be produced in eggs. c.) Production is difficult because the vaccine is composed of all important strains identified during the previous flu season. d.) The vaccine does not stimulate a strong antibody response because it is an intracellular pathogen. e.) The production of vaccine is a lengthy process.
a,b
Predict which of the following would be outcomes of treatment with Tamiflu. Select all that apply. a.) an increase in the ability of the immune system to combat the infection b.) a decrease in the release of viral particles from the cell c.) overall decrease in the replication rate of influenza d.) decreased production of the NA protein by the host cell e.) decreased ability of influenza to attach to host cells
a,b,c
Which of the following statements regarding antigenic shift are true? Select all that apply. a,) Antigenic shift results in a major change in the genetic composition of the virus. b.) Viral strains resulting from antigenic shift contain RNA segments from different species. c.) Antigenic shift results from frequent mutations that occur during replication of the RNA genome. d.) Little immunity to virus strains resulting from antigenic shift exists in the population. e.) Antigenic shift results in relatively minor changes in the neuraminidase (NA) and hemagglutinin (HA) antigens.
a,b,d
Predict which of the following are reasonable outcomes of the cytokine storm during the 1918 flu pandemic. Select all that apply. a.) an excessive inflammatory response leading to extensive tissue damage b.) increased mortality in elderly people c.) less severe symptoms associated with the infection d.)an enhanced immune response to influenza e.)increased fluid in the lungs and labored breathing
a,e
dane particles
are the complete, infective hepatitis B virion.
The vaccine for chicken pox contains an __________ virus.
attenuated
What type of vaccine would be used to vaccinate the twins? genetically engineered vaccine inactivated virus vaccine attenuated virus vaccine subunit vaccine
attenuated virus vaccine
Smallpox is a historically important disease. Which of the following events did NOT contribute to its historical importance? a.) Smallpox was introduced to North America when the first Europeans arrived, leading to the death of over 3.5 million Native Americans, who were susceptible to the virus. b.) Smallpox was used as a bioterrorism agent in the 2001 bioterrorist attacks. c.) The smallpox vaccine is considered one of the first examples of immunization ever developed, by inoculation of individuals with a related virus, cowpox. d.)Eighty percent of the population of Europe contracted smallpox during the Middle Ages.
b
Which of the following statements is FALSE about Adenovirus and the treatment of colds caused by it? a.) There are no specific antiviral drugs designed for the treatment of adenoviral infections. b.) It is impossible to develop a vaccine for Adenovirus. c.) Most colds are not caused by Adenovirus. d.)Typically, Adenovirus infections are mild or asymptomatic and treatments and vaccines are not needed.
b
A concerned mother reports that her child has spent time playing with another child recovering from chickenpox. The child recovering from chickenpox exhibits dry, crusty lesions from the disease. Is the mother's concern warranted? A.) No, because chickenpox is not transmitted through skin lesions of any type. B.) Yes, because the virus that causes chickenpox exhibits latency. C.) No, because dry chickenpox lesions are not infective. D.) Yes, because individuals with chickenpox are infectious as long as lesions are visible.
c
Characteristic features of the herpesvirus used for diagnosis include the a.) ability of the virus to be transmitted to neonates. b.) presence of syncytia in infected tissue. c.) presence of recurring lesions in the lip or genital regions and syncytia in infected tissue. d.) presence of recurring lesions in the lip or genital regions. e.) presence of viruses intracellularly years after recovery from the infection.
c
The development of the poxvirus skin lesions develop in a characteristic order that allows for easy diagnosis of the disease. Choose the option that contains the stages in the correct order. a.) macule, papule, pustule, vesicle b.) papule, macule, vesicle, pustule c.) macule, papule, vesicle, pustule d.) vesicle, macule, papule, pustule
c
What is the recommended schedule for the first chicken pox vaccine in infants? a.) 2 days of age b.) 6 months of age c.) 12 months of age d.) 5 years of age
c
Which of the following statements regarding the association of hepatitis B with liver cancer is FALSE? a.) The HBV genome has been found integrated into hepatic cancer cells. b.) Geographic areas with a high incidence of liver cancer also have a high prevalence of hepatitis B. c.)Vaccination does not provide protection against the development of hepatic cancer. d.)Chronic carriers of the virus are 200 times more likely to develop hepatic cancer. e.) Hepatic cancer cells typically express HBV antigen.
c
What makes neonatal herpes a very serious condition? HHV infection of the bone marrow. The potential for life-long infection. Development of lymphoma. The potential for oncogenesis. Central nervous system infection of the neonate.
central nervous system infection of the neonate
Shingles, or herpes zoster, is caused by the virus that also causes warts. chickenpox. molluscum contagiosum. cold sores. smallpox.
chickenpox
Immunization with (chickenpox/cowpox/monkeypox) will provide protection against smallpox.
cowpox
Smallpox (Orthopoxvirus variola) is the first human disease considered to be globally eradicated. All of the following factors played a huge role in its eradication EXCEPT for __________. a.) the existence of an inexpensive, effective vaccine b.) the fact that there are no asymptomatic carriers, so the disease is always diagnosable c.) rapid diagnosis due to obvious signs and symptoms d.) the removal of animal reservoirs in nature
d
Which reason is LEAST likely to contribute to the transmission of Adenovirus? a.) viral survival in improperly chlorinated drinking water b.) aerosolization of the virus c.) viral stability outside the body d.) presence of a vector
d
What are the complete hepatitis B virions called? Dane particles filamentous particles spherical particles Negri bodies
dane particles
Which of the following forms of the hepatitis B virus is complete and cause an infection?
dane particles
Papillomaviruses are transmitted by (aerosols/direct contact/secretions).
direct contact
Which nucleic acid is part of the varicella-zoster virion? ssDNA dsDNA ssRNA dsRNA
dsDNA
Which of the following characteristics are common to Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, and Hepadnaviridae? a.) a complex capsid b.) double-stranded DNA in the virion c.) the presence of an envelope d.) double-stranded DNA in the virion with a complex capsid e.) double-stranded DNA in the virion and the presence of an envelop
e
what term is associated with warts found on face? flat warts plantar warts seed warts condylomata acuminata
flat warts
Papillomas are typically spread through direct contact infected humans or __________. contact w toads inherited genes contaminated water sources fomites
fomites
Which of the following is a vaccine-preventable disease? genital herpes genital warts infectious mononucleosis fifth disease roseola
genital warts
The condition in which athletes develop herpes lesions on their skin as a result of coming in contact with herpes lesions during wrestling is known as herpes (gladiatorum/whitlow/zoster).
gladiatorum
The DNA virus that causes hepatitis is hepatitis __?
hep B
What disease does Duyen have? Assume that the desease is caused by DNA virus. Fasciola infection hepatitis B hepatitis A histoplasmosis
hep B
Which of the following viruses is a DNA virus that infects liver cells? herpesviruses adenoviruses polyomaviruses poxviruses hepadnaviruses
hepadnaviruses
Which of the following is the only DNA virus that can cause viral hepatitis? hepatitis A virus hepatitis B virus hepatitis C virus hepatitis D virus hepatitis E virus
hepatitis B virus
Where does human herpesvirus 4 (EBV) become latent? in brachial ganglia in the dorsal root ganglion in oligodendrocytes in cytotoxic T lymphocytes in B lymphocytes
in B lymphocytes
Varciella Zoster Virus
is the cause of both chicken pox in the young and shingles in the elderly
What is the medical term for yellow discoloration of the sclera and mucous membranes? rhinitis jaundice malaise pyrexia
jaundice
Many strains of HPV are _____ and can integrate into human chromosomes latent lytic acute avirulent
latent
Which of the following are symptoms of influenza infection? Select all that apply. muscle pain headache fever diarrhea
muscle pain headache fever
How could Hep B be prevented? Take Chloroquine tablets daily. Receive a vaccination. Eat only well-done steak. Drink only bottled water.
receive a vaccination
Hep B is a ____________ transmitted disease
sexually
How is Hep B transmitted?
sexually/ blood
A student notices that she always seems to have an outbreak of cold sores just before final exams. This is because HHV-1 infections can be related to which of the following? close contact with other individuals stress lack of sunlight seasonal changes in the weather
stress
Warts may disappear over time without treatment. This is due to __________. the virus running out of host cells to attack the body's cell-mediated immunity being shed off with other skin cells HPV having the capability to replicate a maximum of 25 times
the body's cell-mediated immunity
What is unique about the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses? they contain RNA.they contain double-stranded DNA. they contain double-stranded RNA. they contain single-stranded DNA. they contain both single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA.
they contain both single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA
The first documented human disease to be eradicated was smallpox. t or f
true
What type of pathogen causes papillomas? prions viroids viruses bacteria
viruses
An inflamed fluid-filled lesion on the finger caused by either HHV-1 or HHV-2 is known as a (blister/wart/whitlow).
whitlow
Is Grandfather Davis contagious?
Yes. The twins would probably develop chicken pox 2 weeks after their visit with Grandfather Davis
5year-old girl arrives at her pediatrician's office with very red bloodshot eyes and a thick, yellow, and crusty discharge. Her eyes are itchy and burning. The doctor prescribes antibiotic drops, but after several days she still has symptoms. Why does she still have symptoms? a.) She has conjunctivitis, or pinkeye, most likely caused by Adenovirus. b.) She is hypersensitive to the antibiotic. Severe allergies can mimic the pinkeye symptoms, making it seem as if she still had the pinkeye. c.) She has a corneal ulcer, most likely caused by Adenovirus. d.) She has conjunctivitis, or pinkeye, most likely caused by Adenovirus that is resistant to antibiotics.
a
