CH 24 urinary

Blood vessel that contains granular cells involved in blood pressure regulation.

afferent arteriole

Which of the following regions of the nephron is most likely to be found in the renal medulla?

collecting duct

The embryonic urogenital sinus

derives from the cloaca.

The left renal vein ________ the right renal vein.

is longer than

Which of the following is found exclusively in the renal medulla?

nephron loop of juxtamedullary nephrons

If you looked closely at the tip of a renal papilla with a hand lens, the hundreds of little openings you would see on its surface are

openings of papillary ducts.

In the micturition reflex, the detrusor muscle is stimulated to contract by

parasympathetic fibers.

The parts of the nephron whose epithelial cells contain the most mitochondria are the

proximal and distal tubules.

Which of the following structures is most numerous within a kidney?

renal corpuscles

When Melinda was asked to identify a "mystery" slide on a histology test, she immediately identified it as renal cortex because of the presence of scattered

renal corpuscles.

73) Which structure(s) is (are) most important for holding the kidney in place in the abdomen?

renal fascia

Of the following, the only epithelial type that does not line the urethra is

simple squamous.

A large fat-filled space within the kidney that also contains the renal pelvis, blood vessels, and nerves.

sinus

70) In the juxtaglomerular apparatus, the macula densa belongs to the

terminal nephron loop.

Which of the following is not found in the renal corpuscle?

the nephron loop

An important difference between the peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta in the kidney is that

the vasa recta are in the medulla, whereas the peritubular capillaries are in the cortex.

Cortical nephrons are different from juxtamedullary nephrons in that

their nephron loop is shorter, with a shorter thin segment.

The epithelium lining the urinary bladder that permits distension is

transitional.

Why are urinary tract infections more common in females than in males?

) In females the urethra is shorter than in males.

Which of the following statements about the urinary bladder is false?

In females, the bladder lies posterior to the uterus but anterior to the rectum.

Which of the following statements about the internal urethral sphincter is false?

It is surrounded by the urogential diaphragm.

Based on what you know about the location of the kidneys in the posterior abdominal wall, the hilum of the kidney must be at the level of which vertebra?

L1 or L2

The kidneys lie behind the ________ cavity.

abdominal

85% of nephrons are described by this term that relates to their location in the kidney.

cortical

The function of the collecting duct is to

determine the final volume and concentration of urine.

Contraction of this muscle forces urine from the bladder.

detrusor

Which of the following processes does not participate in the production of urine in the kidney?

evaporation

Which segment of the nephron has a simple squamous epithelium?

descending limb of the nephron loop

The name of the inferior of the three openings in the trigone of the bladder is the

internal urethral orifice.

From which embryonic tissue layer(s) does the kidney arise?

mesoderm

Which of the following supportive tissues is most superficial?

pararenal fat

The condition in which the metanephros has failed to ascend is

pelvic kidney.

Which of the following is not usually associated with the formation of renal calculi?

polyurea

The micturition center is located in the

pons of the brain stem.

The part of the nephron whose epithelial cells are most responsible for resorption and secretion is the

proximal tubule.

Infection of the renal pelvic and calyces is known as

pyelitis.

Which of the following would not inhibit micturition?

relaxation of the internal urethal sphincter

Before it enters the ureter, urine collects in the

renal pelvis.

) The descriptive term for the location of the kidneys relative to the abdominal cavity.

retroperitoneal

Which of the following conditions is most often seen in elderly males with prostatic hyperplasia?

urinary retention

The layer of podocytes is the same as the

visceral layer of glomerular capsule.

Knot of capillaries that directs blood into the efferent arteriole.

glomerulus

Which of the following is not normally found in urine?

glucose

Which of the following is not part of the filtration membrane?

granular cells

The external urethral sphincter is located

at the urogenital diaphragm.

The only embryonic kidney that survives into adulthood is the

metanephros.

Cup-shaped tubes that enclose the papillae of the pyramids.

minor calyx

Urine passes through the

renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder to the urethra.

The longest of the three parts of the male urethra is the

spongy urethra.

Renin is produced in

the granular cells.

Ladderlike looping blood vessels within the medulla.

vasa recta

The medial concave cleft in which vessels, ureters, and nerves enter/leave the kidney.

hilum

) Another name for the neck of the bladder is the

inferior angle.

Which vessels lie within the renal columns?

interlobar arteries

Region of the distal tubule that monitors concentration of the filtrate.

macula densa

Vessels and nerves enter and leave the kidney through the

medial hilum.

The mucosal folds in the bladder (rugae)

) have the same basic function as transitional epithelium—accommodating stretch as the bladder fills.

An important difference between a cuboidal epithelial cell of the proximal versus the distal convoluted tubules is that

) the proximal tubule cells have long microvilli that are fewer than or absent from the distal tubule cells.

How much of the fluid filtered by the kidney actually becomes urine?

1%

Pyelography is

a type of X-ray procedure (radiology).

Which gland sits atop each kidney?

adrenal

The most superficial layer of the kidney is the

cortex.

During a dissection, Arnie saw the ureters entering the lateral corners of the bladder but found the internal openings of the ureters in the trigone near the midline of the bladder. His observation necessarily means that

the ureters run medially for some distance within the posterior bladder wall.

The ureters develop from

a duct that branches from the mesonephric duct.

79) An increase in the permeability of collecting tubule cells to water is due to

an increase in the production of ADH.

Arteries that branch to form the afferent arterioles to the glomeruli are

cortical radiate arteries.